Sociological Problems Research Articles

MANAGEMENT OF SWITRA WITH SHAMANA AUSHADIS - A CASE STUDY

As the increasing population is much concerned about beauty, so several cosmetic products are also increasing in the market. Switrais not only a pathological but also a very serious sociological problem. It can be compared with vitiligo in contemporary science having a prevalence of 0.25% in India. In Ayurveda, it is explained along with kustha roga1, but it is not explained under Mahakustha & kshudrakustha. In a conventional system of medicine, there is no perfect aetiology and treatment for vitiligo. But in Ayurveda, many lines of treatment are explained like shodhana & shamanaas. As it may be autoimmune & heredity also takes a long time to treat, so the patient needs more patience for treatment. After 10 months of treatment with proper follow up this case shows up to 90% cure of switra through Ayurveda that too only with Shamana Aushadha. Keywords- switra, a case study on switra, shamanaaushadhis

Reformulation of Local Government Policy Regarding Agricultural Land Transfer Permits to Building Food Security in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic

This research is motivated by four main problems, namely philosophical problems, theoretical problems, juridical problems and sociological problems. The philosophical problem is the shift in the value of justice from the community regarding the important value of agricultural land in Indonesia. This research is based on the decline in agricultural land in Indonesia which has been converted into non-agricultural land. Indonesia itself is an agricultural country which in fact agricultural land is a source of commodities and food security for the country. If agricultural land continues to be converted, it will have many negative impacts on the stability of the country. In addition, the environmental ecosystem will be disturbed by changing the function of the land. In addition to the philosophical problems above, there is also a theoretical problem, that with the implementation of a decentralized government system in which each region is authorized and has the right to take care of its own household. In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic that the country is currently experiencing brings many new problems, especially in food security. In addition, the juridical problem is that the Government in this case the central government has anticipated the effects of this agricultural land conversion by passing Law no. 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Agricultural Land. This law has not been able to even tend to have a crucial article that can be misused by the Regional Head in granting a location permit for the conversion of agricultural land. Even existing laws tend to be deviated by Regional Heads armed with discretionary authority and this is a new challenge, especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sociological problem in this study is that the excessive conversion of agricultural land will cause social unrest in the community. This is caused by: (1) agricultural land is exploited into residential land by ignoring the obligation to replace new agricultural land. (2) Exploitation of agricultural land in the region seems not yet fully for the prosperity of the people in the region. And permits are no longer seen as an instrument for controlling the community but as a means of increasing local government tax. (3) The current COVID-19 pandemic is the country's biggest challenge in developing the country's current food security. Keywords : Reformulation, Agricultural Land Transfer, Food Security DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/114-04 Publication date: October 31 st 2021

Does the social status of the elderly impact morbidities among them? – A cross sectional Study in a district of Gujarat

Background: The aging population is both medical & sociological problem for the country and they suffer with high rates of morbidity and mortality. So Social factors lay a significant impact on the health practices and this study will help us to understand and evaluate their health problems of elderly. Aims and Objective: 1. To assess the social status of elderly population. 2. To associate the findings with morbidities of elderly Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in urban and rural area of Surendranagar district among 611 elderly, using a predesigned and pre tested questionnaire by directly questioning the subjects with oral and written consent. For selection of the area, in both areas, the sampling units were enumerated and samples were collected by using simple random sampling, data was entered and analyzed using MS excel 2007. Result: Nearly 60 % of the subjects were currently unemployed and the predominant family system was 3 generation family. Majority of the families in the urban areas were from social class 4, whereas in the rural areas were from social class 5. Having poor social score had a statistically significant association with presence of morbidity in elderly both areas. Conclusions: Majority of elderly in both urban and rural areas had a poor social status. Role of the family and social structure on the health of the elderly can be clearly established. However, support structure must be developed in our social system in a way that the destitute and dependent elderly are taken care of by either government system or social organizations like NGOs and old age home.

The Impact of Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions on Satisfaction with Life and the Mediating Role of Loneliness

Loneliness and cognitive distortions have serious negative effects on life satisfaction and are seen as related to each other. However, what mediates in these relationships has not been adequately analyzed. This study aims to analyze the effect between cognitive distortions and life satisfaction by asserting the mediating role of loneliness. For this purpose, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 978 people over the age of 20 from various parts of Turkey using a general screening model. Firstly, we analyzed the direct effect of interpersonal rejection, interpersonal misperception, and unrealistic relationship expectation, which are sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Secondly, we analyzed the effects of independent, mediation, and interaction (Loneliness X age) variables on satisfaction with life. Thirdly, we applied direct regression analysis between independent, mediating, and dependent variables to conduct the mediation analysis of the study. Also, we examined age as a moderator between loneliness and life satisfaction. The results showed loneliness as an essential determinant between cognitive distortions and life satisfaction. Moreover, in the moderation analysis, we found some age-related differences between loneliness and life satisfaction. According to this, both loneliness and life satisfaction increased with increasing age. However, life satisfaction decreased as loneliness increased in young people. Being able to compensate for loneliness in the aging process is an essential psychological indicator. Although young people have more opportunities than older people, their ability to cope with negative situations such as loneliness is largely undeveloped. These results showed both psychological and sociological problems of loneliness. Therefore, the results can be useful for the prevention of loneliness and the development of intervention programs.

Subject Matter of Sociology of Education

The sociology of education is a relatively autonomous subject, because it conducts teaching and research. It is also relatively autonomous in relation to theories and about other fields of investigation. Contemplating present state of thinking, one of the persistent problems of sociology of education is on what grounds sociologists of education can claim that they have a field of their own, distinct from that of general sociologists, anthropologists, psychologists, historians, economists and other groups of specialists. In the discussion of the sociology of education, we observe the discourse of subject matter remains elusive. No thinker states anything properly in this context. But it is not that insignificant. The subject matter of the sociology of education may be explored in three paths where through the historical contribution of the thinkers, published books, journals, and articles as documents of empirical research works, and analytical discussion takes place.

Лингвострановедческие пара­метры профессионально-отраслевой динамики современного специалиста / Linguistic and Cultural Parameters of the Profe­ssional and Industry Dynamics of a Modern Specialist

The relevance of the sociological problems of linguistic studies intensified in the second half of the 20th century, which was caused by social reasons, including the opportunity to use the process of mass learning of foreign languages to spread the strengthening of the policies of individual states. The author has specified the concept of “culture-oriented linguistics” for sociological consideration, since it is understood differently in different sources, and prospects of experimental studying. Within the framework of this study, an emphasis is placed on studying the influence of linguistic and cultural characteristics of communication space, including multilingualism, for the modern specialists. The priority is not just the knowledge of the language, but the development and formation of a multicultural personality. The topic of multiculturalism occupies a special place in the process of acquiring educational competencies.

Intelligent Control Systems in Urban Planning Conflicts: Social Media Users’ Perception

The relevance of this study is determined by the need to develop technologies for effective urban systems management and resolution of urban planning conflicts. The paper presents an algorithm for analyzing urban planning conflicts. The material for the study was data from social networks, microblogging, blogs, instant messaging, forums, reviews, video hosting services, thematic portals, online media, print media and TV related to the construction of the North-Eastern Chord (NEC) in Moscow (RF). To analyze the content of social media, a multimodal approach was used. The paper presents the results of research on the development of methods and approaches for constructing mathematical and neural network models for analyzing the social media users’ perceptions based on their digital footprints. Artificial neural networks, differential equations, and mathematical statistics were involved in building the models. Differential equations of dynamic systems were based on observations enabled by machine learning. Mathematical models were developed to quickly detect, prevent, and address conflicts in urban planning in order to manage urban systems efficiently. In combination with mathematical and neural network model the developed approaches, made it possible to draw a conclusion about the tense situation around the construction of the NEC, identify complaints of residents to constructors and city authorities, and propose recommendations to resolve and prevent conflicts. Research data could be of use in solving similar problems in sociology, ecology, and economics.

Bilangan 5:11–31: Ritual Sotah sebagai Terobosan Budaya di Timur Tengah Kuno

Numbers 5:11–31: Sotah as a Cultural Breakthrough in the Ancient Near East. Numbers 5:11–31 could be interpreted as a kind of sexism and repression to women. In the Mishnaic tradition, the passages indeed are being understood and developed in such a manner. From tractate Sotah in Mishnah, the suspected adulterous wife indeed is ashamed and treated as a prostitute. This article seeks to present another perspective on the passage. This article uses the sociological study method to identify the sociological problems alleged against the passage based on the explanation of the Sotah tractate in the Mishnah. Afterward, the inferior position of women in the ancient Near East will be explained as a cultural context to understand the passage better. Finally, considering this cultural context and comparing the Sotah ritual with the common rituals in the ancient Near East, this article argues that Numbers 5:11–31 could be seen as a cultural breakthrough to protect women, which are considered marginalized.

The Other, Altruism and Empathy. Variety of Prosocial Behavior

Sociology is par excellence the science of the other since relationality is the object of its approach. It is precisely from the relationship that is established with the other that various dynamics develop, which can be pro-social or counter-social, generating forms of altruism and selfishness, generosity and appropriation, acceptance and rejection, collaboration and competition. Altruism, in particular, has been the object of attention by Comte and Spencer in a universalistic perspective very different from the contemporary forms assumed by the phenomenon of globalization. Perhaps, it is only through the analysis of the modalities of altruism that we can understand well enough the reasons that produce attitudes and behaviours that are more or less favourable towards others. If we then combine altruism with the peculiar processes of the exercise of empathy, the sociological problem in its complexity becomes even more intriguing. It is not by chance that Daniel Batson has started a rather articulate discussion that tends to show how altruism is motivated by empathy.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE WORK OF PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE PERIOD OF REFORM OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN

One of the sociological problems that needs to be studied today is how the reforms and modernization of the higher education system in our country affect the teaching staff, leadership and students, and to what extent they show their results. We should not be agree about the fact that during the period of change, every professor and head of higher education institution understands the essence of the reforms, the extent to which innovations are reflected in labor and pedagogical activities, attitudes and practices, but all these changes does not find its expression in institutions.

The effect of the Original MethOd at pharmacy To ENhAnce Support for Health Improvement in the limited Japanese proficiency patients visiting local community pharmacy: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesWith an increase in globalization, the number of non-native-speaking citizens and tourists visiting local pharmacies is rapidly growing worldwide, creating linguistic and sociological problems. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of adding our original method, Original MethOd at pharmacy To ENhAnce Support for Health Improvement (OMOTENASHI), to the conventional medication counselling method (CMC) when counselling non-Japanese patients at the pharmacy. MethodsThe OMOTENASHI consists of tools written in multiple languages and illustrations to clarify the effects and side effects, and to confirm patients’ understanding. 71 non-Japanese patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the OMOTENASHI or to the CMC in a 1:1 ratio. Comprehension and satisfaction level were evaluated. ResultsThe overall comprehension level was significantly higher in the OMOTENASHI than in the CMC (75% vs 38%, p = 0.002), with a prominent difference in the recognition of the name, effects, side effects, precautions, and how to deal with side effects of the prescribed medication. ConclusionThe OMOTENASHI to be a helpful tool in providing essential information to non-native-speaking patients. Practice implicationThe study highlighted the need to ensure every patient’s safety and interests, and to avoid disadvantages caused by limited language proficiency in the globalization era.

Updating the Methodological Heritage of M. Weber in Search of Answers to the Challenges of Modern Sociology

The aim of the article is to update the methodological heritage of M. Weber in the context of new epistemological and theoretical-methodological challenges to social and humanitarian knowledge, caused by the “Big Data” and the “revolution of archives”. The rich instrumental capabilities of digital research practices, allowing to establish various correlations of a set of facts, enhance the applied and predictive capabilities of science. However, they also provoke a rejection of fundamental theorizing as the goal of science. It is shown that the methodology of “value assignment” substantiated by Weber is an example of solving these problems in the historical sociology of the early 20th century. “Understanding the cultural implications” of historical facts takes precedence over establishing practical correlations between them as an essential goal of scientific research. At the same time, the dynamics of values and meanings makes their results relative and changeable. It is shown that Weber’s refusal to establish universal laws of history in favor of typical causal connections identified by the researcher on the basis of “attribution to value” does not mean a rejection of the “big theory”. In the historical sociology of Weber there is a universal methodological basis – the theory of rationalization, which unites various subject areas and theoretical perspectives and serves as a guideline for understanding society in its diversity and contradictions.

Interview 4

I agree with the expansion of the application of the term beyond "victim diasporas." The initial concept was applied in ancient Greece more neutrally to geographic dispersals of groups. There is a sociological problem of making the concept too wide, but I am generally in favour of inclusivity.

Placing the Blame: What If "They" REALLY Are Responsible?

The new coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, has resurrected a number of historical and sociological problems associated with naming and blaming collectives for the origin or transmission of infectious disease. The default example of the false accusation in 2020 has been the case of the charge of well poisoning against the Jews of Western Europe causing the pandemic of the Black Death during the fourteenth century. Equally apparent is the wide-spread accusation that Asians are collectively responsible for the spread of the present pandemic. Yet querying group actions in times of pandemics is not solely one of rebutting false attributions. What happens when a collective is at fault, and how does the collective respond to the simultaneous burden of both false, stereotypical accusations and appropriate charges of culpability? The case studies here are of Ultra-Orthodox Jewish (Haredi) communities and the PRC during the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19.

Networked generation growing up or maturing on social media

The article analyzes the processes taking place in the youth environment in the context of digitalization of society. The role of social networks is discussed. Since its inception, network analysis has been formed as an interdisciplinary direction in which psychologists, sociologists, communication specialists, anthropologists, mathematicians and statisticians combine their efforts. The social network as a way of organizing social knowledge requires a special methodological approach, different from the traditional methods of analyzing sociological information. “Digital habits” significantly affect the behavior of young people, change the “traditional” way of life. The article is of interest to specialists dealing with problems of sociology of youth, sociology of global processes, methodology of sociological research.

Going Beyond the Dichotomy. Problems of Contemporary Sociology in the Context of the Proposals by Jerzy Łoś

The article attempts to show how certain ideas formulated several decades ago by Jerzy Łoś may be useful from the perspective of contemporary sociology. Starting with a reflection on the relations between philosophy and sociology, the authors of the paper address the problem of the concept of the realisation operator and its utility in formalising the social sciences, taking into account the humanistic coefficient and other elements that constitute a qualitative approach in sociology.

Placing the Blame for Covid-19 in and on Ultra-Orthodox Communities

The new coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, has resurrected a number of historical and sociological problems associated with blaming collectives for the origin or transmission of infectious disease. The default example of the false accusation has been the case of the fourteenth century charge of well poisoning against the Jews of Western Europe causing the pandemic of the Black Death. Yet querying group actions in times of pandemics is not solely one of rebutting false attributions. What happens when a collective is at fault and how does the collective respond to the simultaneous burden of both false, stereotypical accusations and appropriate charges of culpability? The case study here is of Haredi communities and the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19.

On the meaning and contemporary significance of fascism in the writings of Karl Polanyi

This paper assesses the contribution of Karl Polanyi, a theorist largely ignored in fascism scholarship, toward understanding fascism’s interwar rise and present-day implications. In exploring Polanyi’s work in The Great Transformation and lesser-known and unpublished writings, a sophisticated and largely original conception of fascism emerges, rooted in the idea of ‘anti-individualism’ as its foundational trait. Polanyi accounts for fascism’s philosophical content, ideological plasticity, political function and societal form, intervening in debates over how to define fascism, its ambiguity with the populist far-right, and on its both economically reactionary and socially revolutionary qualities. Polanyi’s analysis suggests an enduring vulnerability on the part of liberal capitalism to fascist currents as (1) a solution to the instability of the market economy (and broader incompatibility between capitalism and democracy) at the systemic level, and (2) to the crisis of the individual subject on a social and moral level. I end by considering how Polanyi’s theory might be applied to locate current neo-fascist movements and elucidate the sociological problems underpinning their existence.

Социальная философия, обществознание или генералистика: к проблеме кризиса социологии

In recent decades, the crisis of sociology has been increasingly discussed in the social science discourse. Many well-known Russian and foreign socio­logists have already spoken out on this issue. Discussions about the theoreti­cal decline, the decline in the social status of sociological science, its transforma­tion from fundamental to applied knowledge are reproduced at congresses and conferences, in numerous publications. The bibliography devoted to the cri­sis of sociology has dozens of sources, and this stream does not decrease. In line with this popular topic, the author substantiates his approach to the analysis of the crisis problem in sociology, which is based on epistemologi­cal contradictions laid down in the creation of the specialized science of so­ciety in the middle of the 19th century – during the rise of positivism, which denies classical philosophy and focuses on an empirical approach, demon­strated high efficiency in the natural sciences, yielding positive results. The article substantiates that the rejection of abstract thinking, the narrowing of the boundaries of knowledge to the framework of empirical knowledge, the reduction of cognitive activity to practical experience, the primacy of methodology over theory are the birth traumas of sociology that brought it to its current position.

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ «ПРОБЛЕМА ЧИТАТЕЛЯ В ТОМСКЕ И ТОМСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВВ.» / ОТВ. РЕД. Т.Л. ВОРОБЬЁВА. ТОМСК: ИЗДАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ДОМ ТОМСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, 2020. 226 с.

The reviewed textbook presents the results of a study of the personality of the reader of Tomsk and Tomsk Province in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The review shows the high relevance of these results for the study of modern processes in the field of reading and notes the importance of these results for the development of professional competencies of workers in the publishing and library industries. The content of the textbook is characterized. The significance of its use for studying the problems of sociology and psychology of reading, regional and Russian publishing, issues of the history of the development of culture in Siberia is determined.