Problems Of Social Exclusion Research Articles

Pertekliniai įsiskolinimai – finansinės atskirties pranašas

The article explores the link between financial exclusion and the problems of social exclusion and the at-risk of poverty and highlights relevance in the context of social policy. The study seeks to analyze the problem of over-indebtedness as a threat to financial exclusion. The purpose of the study is implemented by disclosing the concept and causes of financial exclusion, analyzing over-indebtedness measurement and management. The tendency to over-indebtedness is determined by a whole palette of factors: social, demographic, economic, psychological, behavioral. It examines which groups of society are most likely to face financial difficulties in fulfilling their financial obligations and other household payments and to be over-indebted. Assessing gross debts of households and the scope of over-indebtedness, links with the socio-economic environment and available demographic data of debtors in Lithuanian municipalities are established. Over-indebtedness figures are analyzed using a secondary analysis of the Centre of Registers (database of open bailiffs’ files, 1995–2023), the Official Statistics Portal, and the Employment Service for 2022. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics, also Pearson correlation and linear regression were performed. The result of the study shows alarming increase in the amount of over-indebtedness in Lithuania. Over-indebtedness arrears are unevenly distributed among the population of different ages. The situation is not homogeneous between large and small municipalities. Results show that in large municipalities there is strong positive link between debts per person, poverty rate and amount of average salary. The problem of financial exclusion, and especially over-indebtedness, requires further extended research and increased attention in the political agenda.

Inclusivity, diversity, and the absent presence of class: a logics approach to England and Wales cricket Board (ECB) policy discourse

Class is central to Englishness and English cricket. Conversely, despite the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) making an explicit attempt to address social issues in cricket, class has largely been excluded from ECB policy discourse. In response to this absence, this paper mobilises a Lacanian-inspired logics approach to examine ECB policy discourse from 2015-2023. Through this approach, the paper highlights the hegemony of inclusivity and social cohesion in ECB discourse, a hegemony that has been enabled by a political shift away from class analysis and politics. In response to this absence of class, the paper argues that a fantasmatic logic has emerged within ECB discourse in which the inescapable presence of class in English cricket is reframed as the more manageable problem of social exclusion, which can be overcome through more inclusive practices rather than structural changes.

Manifestation’s Minimization of Social Exclusion In Ukraine Based on Overcoming Dysfunctionality of the Socio-Economic Systems Regulation

Achievement of balanced development of socio-economic systems of different levels lies in the plane of effective regulation of processes arising as a result of the action of various factors associated with negative phenomena of both an economic and social nature. Ensuring effective regulatory influence on the part of state and regional authorities is a guarantee of sustainable socio-economic development of the state and its regions, reducing interregional disparities, increasing the investment attractiveness of territories, preventing complications on a political, economic, and interethnic basis. This, in turn, is the basis of national state policy, as well as regional policy as its integral component. The modern dynamism of socio-economic development poses new challenges to the state due to the need to counteract the negative effects of the incessant transformations. We consider the strengthening of inequality and processes of social polarization caused by changes in the social structure of society to be the most striking of them. These changes have resulted today in the spread of such a negative social phenomenon as social exclusion. The problem of social exclusion in Ukraine and its regions is primarily related to the dysfunctionality of the processes of regulation of the main spheres of ensuring citizens' livelihoods, in particular, the spheres of employment, wages, social guarantees and the availability of social services. In addition, the significant risk for individuals to fall into the category of socially excluded today is caused by the presence of other destabilizing factors of an economic nature. These factors include the presence of significant imbalances in the labor market, in particular, a high level of unemployment and a reduction in the number of jobs, a significant level of poverty, including among the working population, the risk of not getting a job in accordance with the acquired qualification level and other factors that are especially threatening for the preservation and development of the human potential of the state.

Цифровые технологии для поддержки детей и молодых людей с выраженными ментальными ограничениями

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">The article describes the digital technologies of two non-profit organizations – the charitable foundation for social assistance to children "Spread your wings!" and ANO “Resource Center for Helping People with Mental Disabilities ”Vera. Hope. Love”: developing online service (special site); online events (master classes) based on the peer-to-peer principle; communication simulator (messenger "EMO"). The main characteristics of digital technologies are highlighted: adaptive design, navigation and materials; content uniqueness; taking into account the user's opinion; safety; different levels of help. The mechanisms that ensure the developmental nature of the proposed digital tools are shown. The grounds (values and principles) underlying the development and application of digital technologies for children and young people with severe mental disabilities are disclosed. The authors consider the contribution of digital technologies in solving the problem of social exclusion, defining digital technologies as a tool that destroys barriers to inclusion in social life.</span></p>

Social Exclusion towards Ahmadiyya in Indonesia in Contrast to the Guarantee of Freedom of Religion in the Constitution

The freedom to adhere to the religion one believes in is the right of every Indonesian citizen that has been mandated through the 1945 Constitution (1945 Constitution). However, there are still many citizens who have not been able to embrace a religion according to their beliefs, one of which is Ahmadiyya adherents. They also receive discrimination from society as a form of social exclusion of Ahmadiyya adherents. This study aims to elaborate on the forms of discrimination experienced by Ahmadiyya adherents and their rights as citizens in T. H. Marshall's perspective of citizenship. The method used in this study is a literature review to reveal the problem of social exclusion for Ahmadiyya adherents in fulfilling their rights as Indonesian citizens. The data collection process was carried out by filtering scientific articles related to discrimination, social exclusion, and the concept of citizenship through official journal publication portals such as SAGE, SCOPUS, JSTOR, Taylor & Francis Online, and others. This study found that the rejection received by Ahmadiyya adherents was due to weak law enforcement and oversight from policymakers in carrying out constitutional mandates. In fact, the government, religious leaders, civil society organizations (CSOs), and human rights activists can be actively involved in instilling the values of tolerance and freedom of religion in the society as the efforts to achieve the fulfilment of citizens' rights.

(Nie)widoczna obecność starych kobiet w międzywojennej prasie dla Polek

The issue of old women was not a priority topic in the press. It appeared indirectly, most often when describing other social issues. It accompanied the problems of social exclusion due to gender, age, financial condition, education, and professional status. Three separate images of old women emerged on the pages of the interwar press for Polish women. Firstly, there was the image of a matron, that is a dignified married woman, a mother, a tireless social activist who skilfully combined sacrificial work for the benefit of the family and the interests of the community. The figure of a matron was identified with noble features of a woman who demanded a lot from herself, becoming a moral role model for other women. In turn, in the image of the old lady, there was a tendency to show a younger, modernized version of the matron. The lady was ready to introduce innovative elements of family, social and professional life. She knew how to modernize the work of social associations. The third image contained the representation of poor, lonely, hopeless old age. It reflected the vision of an old woman who experienced material poverty, unemployment and homelessness.

Social Exclusion of Women of Civil Victims Of War and the Legislative Framework for The Protection of Their Rights

The problem of social exclusion is in the expert and scientific community known as one of the leading social problems of the modern world. Social exclusion becomes massive and troublesome process which warns that in the society faces serious changes that can have long-lasting and severe consequences on individuals and groups. This article consider the position civilian victims of war in Canton Sarajevo for some time presenting empirical research results, which is made by test method, elaborating the thesis that this is vulnerable population socially excluded from all segments of social life and on the scale of the problem social exclusion from cultural, social, economic and political life.

Space not for everyone: The problem of social exclusion in the concept of space settlement

The subject of this paper is a continuation of the discussion initiated by Milan M. Ćirković. Ćirković criticized a number of arguments skeptical of the idea of space settlement. However, he omitted arguments referring to social justice and equal access, which, as this paper tries to show, are arguably the most serious skeptical remarks against the idea of space colonization. The paper emphasizes that both space exploration and, ultimately, potential space colonization run the risk of exacerbating inequality and, as such, are not projects pursued for all of humanity.

The main barriers to the social integration of older people

The article analyzes the main barriers to the social integration of older people. The relevance of the chosen research topic is determined by the existing need to address many issues related to the increase in the proportion of older people, which leads to the transformation of the socio-demographic structure. It should also be taken into account that today old age is not only physiology, but also a combination of psychological, social, socio-cultural and other factors. However, not all of them have a positive effect on the social integration of older people. The problem of social exclusion after retirement comes to the fore, the search for the meaning of one's existence is more acute, there is a feeling of uselessness by society, which leads to depression and loneliness. In addition, there is the problem of society's perception of the elderly person himself. Often he is not positioned as an equal participant, as a social unit, and his social potential is not used. To eliminate these problems, it is necessary to understand the process of social integration, namely, what social barriers prevent positive changes in the life of an elderly person, exclude the possibility of benefiting society and being an active participant in it. Based on sociological surveys, it was revealed that socio-psychological (depression, loneliness, misunderstanding with relatives, etc.) have a greater influence on social integration; socio-economic (the level of material income; exposure to fluctuations in the market economy; the impact of external adverse factors; shortcomings in the pension system; lack of preferences from the state, lack of work in rural areas, etc.); labor (reduction of pensioners in the workplace; poor organization of the system of pre- and retirement employment); social and medical (unavailability of medical care and its low quality, understaffing of polyclinics and hospitals with the necessary specialists, constant increase in prices for medical services and medicines, etc.); socio-cultural (a small number of non-profit public organizations for the elderly, poor organization of leisure, etc.); ageist stereotypes (negative experience of communication with the elderly, self-stereotyping, estimation of values in society, etc.).

Социальная эксклюзия как объект социологического анализа: теоретический аспект

The article analyzes the problem of social exclusion and its indicators. The author considers the following approaches to understanding social exclusion: the exclusion of a person as a consequence of a difficult life situation; as a violation of the functioning of the personality subsystem; exclusion and a chain reaction and as a multidimensional concept. The article deals with the index of social exclusion (exclusion), which was developed by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research.

Sport ecosystem and territorial development: essay to elaborate a theoretical model of youth social inclusion through sport in Morocco

The overall objective of this paper is the conceptualization of sport as a territorial ecosystem, clearly defining the roles and participation modalities of the different actors and stakeholders. The intention is to guarantee a consolidated social inclusion and a socio-professional integration creating sustainable territorial development through sport. In this perspective, the sport ecosystem represents a precious asset for research. Sport can represent a good factor for the inclusion of socially disadvantaged groups, especially young people, and can be a truly powerful educational tool in promoting social inclusion and professional integration. In this logic, this paper aims to find a new, innovative way to explain different elements of sport and social inclusion and improve youth proactivity. The topic is important, because of the problem of increasing number of young people that have problem of social exclusion, less physical activity and unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore trough the conception of a territorial sport ecosystem it is possible to act preventively on a "disease" that after installed can become incurable. This paper first presents the theory and concepts related to territorial sport ecosystem and social inclusion before providing case studies that demonstrate the theories in sports contexts. The purpose is to offering insights to propose - thanks to a rigorous theoretical and empirical study - a model of territorial development through the creation of a sports ecosystem, and understand how well the sports logic can coexist with the social inclusive logic.

Whither Demarginalization, Inclusion and Effectiveness? Challenges of Local Government Planning in Nepal

The planning system in local government follows a formal process mandated by legislation and a corpus of regulations. While these strongly advocate citizen participation in selecting, implementing and managing development projects at the local level, in practice, the mechanism is hamstrung by an inadequate social inclusion perspective. The elites continue to play a significant role in the process that marginalizes women, Dalits or minorities in decision-making, resource mobilization or project prioritization. This has demeaned community ownership of development plans and affected the delivery of public services. Because of their perceived lack of capacity, the marginalized communities are denied leadership roles in local government committees and in mobilizing resources or prioritizing their demands. However, with federalism and a robust legal framework in place, the seven-step planning mechanism has, to some extent, been able to address the problem of social exclusion, marginalization and ineffectiveness in local level planning and budgeting.

The Cardboard Textbook: Inclusion and Access to Information from Collaborative Work

This essay aims to analyze the possibilities of a process of social inclusion by linking the way of working of a cardboard publisher and its strength as a social movement, with the aim of reflecting on the opportunities of generating inclusive actions to democratize access to information. This publisher finds its anchor in the publisher-society binomial and in the knowledge that is put into play as capital to satisfy the needs of the links that are generated. It will inquire how their policies make the problem of social exclusion and the marginalization of vulnerable sectors visible. The focus will be placed, then, on the activity of the cardboard publisher with respect to the form of cooperative and collaborative work and its possibilities as a form of social inclusion.

Проблематика социального исключения в межличностных отношениях в контексте детской художественной литературы

Introduction. The modern society is characterized by increasing socio-psychological tensions which enhance the disintegration processes in interpersonal relations. Such processes include ignoring, alienation, rejection and exclusion of a person from significant relationships with other people. This makes social exclusion a relevant research topic. This paper contains a literature review of publications which analyze the works of fiction describing situations of social exclusion in interpersonal relationships among children and adolescents. The literature review is carried out in order to achieve a better understanding of social exclusion: the conditions which give rise to social exclusion, the space and forms of its manifestation, and the key features of the object and subject of exclusion. The paper also seeks to explore the factors of social exclusion prevention. Materials and methods. We carried out a literature review of publications devoted to the study of social exclusion, with emphasis on the analysis of publications that reflect the problems of social exclusion in interpersonal relationships in the context of children’s fiction. The results of the study. The literature review revealed that the topic of social exclusion is widely represented in fiction both explicitly and indirectly. Russian and foreign children’s literature contain examples of ignoring, rejection, and exclusion in interpersonal relationships both in the family and in the educational environment. We describe the possibilities of using these materials in teachers’ work with preschool and school-age children in order to help teachers identify social exclusion in real-life situations, develop their awareness of various manifestations of social exclusion, and prevent exclusionary behavior on the part of teachers or other children in educational institutions. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that children’s literature can develop the emotional sphere of the child through causing the child’s emotional empathy for the characters in a situation of social exclusion, as well as through provoking the child’s reflecting on such a situation. Children’s literature also contains examples of accepting, or inclusive, behavior—the analysis of such examples can be considered to prevent social exclusion at preschool and school institutions and, in the future, in a broader social context.

The Face of Digital Inequality: Attitudes to Distance Learning in Formal Education during the COVID Pandemic

With formal education moving online during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania, issues related to digital literacy and digital exclusion have become more visible. Especially concerning is the growing digital exclusion of those social groups in the society which before the pandemic were already affected by social and economic problems, or other special needs. Further, the shift of formal education online created new challenges around digital exclusion. Recent literature dealing with the subject of digital exclusion, such as the study by Beaunoyer et. al. (2020), suggests that digital exclusion can be caused by a lack of digital literacy skills. Thus, even people with good technological equipment might experience difficulties to fully partake in online education, correctly understand information, or make full use of technologies involved in the online learning process because of a lack of knowledge, missing competencies, or motivation. Other scholars involved in researching digital exclusion argue that this binary approach in understanding the phenomenon is not sufficient (i.e., when the causes for it are seen only in insufficient technical equipment or missing skills). A third aspect of the social, cultural and economic context has to be added. In this article, digital exclusion will be analysed according to the three levels classification as suggested by Scheerder et al. (2017, 2019): (1) lack of technical equipment, (2) missing digital literacy skills, and (3) differences caused by sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors.During the months of June to December 2020, qualitative research was conducted in which pupils from 5th–8th grades, their parents, the teachers of the primary and secondary schools, and the school administration have been interviewed. The research consisted of two stages: the first one in relation to the first COVID-19 wave in Lithuania in June–July 2020, the second one – in relation to the second COVID-19 wave in October–December 2020. The data was collected via focus groups, both during face-to-face meetings and online. Research has shown that at the beginning of the online education process, the main focus of the schools was to tackle the first level difficulties (technical equipment), but the main challenges were related to the third level (sociodemographic and socioeconomic differences). In solving problems related to technical equipment, both school communities and parents have been mobilized. This depended on parents being able to ensure that their children had a proper enough computer and sufficient internet connection to ensure appropriate online learning at home. The teachers sometimes also felt individually responsible for tackling technical equipment and internet connection problems related to single pupils or their own classes. Many more difficulties were caused by the challenges related to the second level of problems involving digital literacy for all participants in online learning. Since there was not a sufficient level of open and coordinated communication during the period of distance learning, some groups within the school communities (including teachers) felt “left out” or accused of not having the necessary digital skills.The accumulated experience led to a realisation that the emerging problems here should not be seen and dealt with individually (i.e., only as the issues and responsibilities of separate pupils or teachers) but could be much more effectively tackled with the involvement of the whole school community (including the school administration and parents). During the first COVID-19 wave, school communities struggled most with the third-level difficulties of digital exclusion: it was very challenging to appropriately integrate pupils with special needs or at-risk children into the distance learning process. This was already the case before the pandemic, but distant learning created an additional edge to the existing problem of social exclusion for those groups. The lack of special needs professionals in formal school education, missing expertise and skills for working online with special needs pupils, insufficient collaboration between educational specialists and social work professionals – these problems became significant factors in the social exclusion of certain pupils during the periods of distance learning.Therefore, an understanding of digital exclusion as a complex, multi-layered phenomenon is significant in creating effective systemic strategies for tackling it, in which all participants of the school community are included and collaborate with each other.

Broaden the Pathway to Inclusive Entrepreneurship: A Transaction Cost Proposition

Abstract Since entrepreneurship was conceptualised as a panacea for achieving inclusive growth in the “base of the pyramid” (BoP) regions, various ways have been explored to leverage this powerful tool, such as helping potential entrepreneurs build the resource base and capabilities. However, given the severe resources constraints in the BoP regions, such a goal is difficult to achieve. Besides, due to the high demands on personal competence, only a few people can benefit from this method, which fails to solve the problem of social exclusion in the BoP regions. Therefore, we aim to find a better way to leverage entrepreneurship to tackle the problem of the BoP regions by calling for more attention to the inclusiveness of entrepreneurship. Based on data of inclusive entrepreneurs in Zhejiang, China, we construct a three-stage model for inclusive entrepreneurship. We also apply Transaction Cost Economics to look for determinants that foster inclusive entrepreneurship and validate our main assertion that decreasing transaction cost significantly helps to increase the inclusiveness of entrepreneurship, and different phases of inclusive entrepreneurship (i.e., opportunity inclusiveness, participation inclusiveness, and sharing inclusiveness) are influenced by different sets of determinants of transaction costs.

The Influence of a Psychosocial Rehabilitation Program in a Community Health Setting for Patients with Chronic Mental Disorders.

Purpose: To examine (a) the amount of health-related behavior, (b) the level of generalized optimism, (c) the belief about patients’ abilities to cope with difficult situations and obstacles and (d) the subjective sense of social exclusion at baseline and at follow-up among patients with chronic mental health issues participating in a psychosocial rehabilitation program in a community mental health setting. Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 52 participants aged 18–43 years and diagnosed with mental illness who participated in a 6-month psychosocial rehabilitation program, organized within a special community setting. Different questionnaires were used: the Health-Related Behavior Questionnaire, the Revised Life Orientation Test, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Personal Competence Scale and a self-made questionnaire concerning social exclusion problems. Results: Statistical analysis of the questionnaire results taken at the beginning and end of the six-month course, running from November 2015 to May 2016, revealed significant increases in health-related behavior (p = 0.006) and general self-efficacy (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Psychosocial rehabilitation programs offered by community mental health settings might serve as an easy, accessible strategy to deal with different interpersonal and intrapersonal problems and as a potential way to improve health behavior. Further research is required to evaluate other psychosocial rehabilitation programs in different community mental health settings in Lodz Voivodeship, Poland.

Social exclusion in Pakistan: an ethnographic and regional perspective

PurposeThis paper is an attempt to analyze the nature and extent of social exclusion across regions, ethnolinguistic groups and different professions in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachBy using household level data of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey, the authors have constructed Social Exclusion Index (SEI) as well as multidimensional deprivation scores across of the households. SEI has been developed by using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) whereas multidimensional deprivation scores have been calculated by following the methodology proposed by Alkire and Foster 2011. In total nine household level indicators related with living standards, education and health have been used for this purpose. In next step the relationship of different household characteristics such as profession of household head region of residence and ethnolinguistic identity has been explored with SEI and multidimensional deprivation scores.FindingsThe empirical results of our analysis show that even after controlling for the income of household, SEI and multidimensional deprivation scores have been found to be significantly different across different professions, different regions and different linguistic groups.Originality/valueThis confirms the prevalence of social exclusion in Pakistani society. Compensatory government policies are suggested as an option to cope with the problem of social exclusion.

INCLUSIVE FORMAT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES FOR SOCIAL BUSINESS

The article examines the concept of "social inclusion" as a process which ensures gain the opportunities to participate fully in economic, social, political and cultural life. The problems of such social inclusive groups as persons with disabilities, persons released from places of deprivation of liberty, participants of ATO/UFO, women in difficult circumstances, homeless persons, elderly persons, children and youth, residents of rural areas are systematized in the following areas: economic, socio-psychological, professional, legal, medical. It was shown that the main economic problems for the majority of inclusive groups are low income, difficulties with employment. The consequence is crime, health problems, various forms of addiction, lack of communication and social adaptation. The concept of "creative industries" as sectors whose activities are based on cultural values, or other artistic individual or collective creative expressions is considered. The possibilities of creative business areas (advertising, architecture, crafts, design, fashion, video, film and photography, games, music, publishing and printing activities, computers, research and development) to solve the problem of social exclusion are analyzed. It was revealed that for involvement in most types of economic activity, a qualification at the level of upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education is sufficient. As a result, a significant number of socially inclusive groups can be included in the production of economic and public goods. Based on the study of the most common social business models, it was shown that a partial solution to the problems of social inclusive groups, such as low incomes and employment problems, is possible on the basis of creative industries using such common social business models as employment model, fee-for-service model, service subsidy model, cooperative model, low-income client as market model, organizational support model. At the same time, the financial self-sufficiency of enterprises is ensured mainly due to income from the sale of products and services.

Agricultural cooperatives contributing to the alleviation of rural poverty. The case of Konjic (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

In contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina, rural poverty is an unresolved issue, despite farming having been a poverty coping strategy for many rural dwellers, especially after the end of the Balkan war. Eradicating poverty is among the priorities of the national government that aims at EU candidacy and accession. Being the most dynamic among agricultural sectors, berry farming is a key agricultural activity at the national level and had been the subject of rural development interventions, including the establishment of agricultural cooperatives. This article provides evidence from the largest agricultural cooperative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to inform decision making and policy planning. The article aims at describing and analyzing the status and dynamics of poverty at the farm household level while highlighting their contributing factors, as well as at proposing possible development strategies based on the voice of local actors. Given the complexity and multifaceted features of the investigated issues, the methodological approach of this study relies on a mixed-methods research design, where the quantitative findings from the analysis of poverty status and dynamics and their contributing factors are complemented by qualitative findings from participatory activities. The results of the study pinpoint the successful contribution of the cooperative to the improvement of farmers' working conditions and market access and suggest that supporting collective action among berry farmers can be an effective rural development intervention to alleviate rural poverty and prevent poverty fallouts. To date, structural characteristics of farm holdings and households and climate and market-related conditions have significantly contributed to the farmers' poverty as well as to farmers’ exposure to poverty. Furthermore, bridging the gender gap is still a challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina which should be addressed urgently to mitigate the problem of social exclusion and to promote bottom-up innovation.