Resolution Of Problems Research Articles

Identification and resolution of drug-related problems among neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU): A prospective longitudinal observational study

BackgroundDrug related problems (DRPs) can interfere with the desired therapeutic outcomes. Neonates are susceptible for DRP occurrence due to clinical heterogeneity, inappropriate formulations, complexity of drug regimens and polypharmacy. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the DRP, their resolutions and associated risk factors among neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in NICU ward at tertiary care teaching hospital for 18 months. Clinical pharmacists participated on daily basis to collect patient information and assess their medication therapy for DRPs. DRPs were classified into problems and their causes according to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Version 9.1. Clinical pharmacist implicated evidence-based interventions to resolve DRPs. SPSS V.25 was used for the statistical analysis. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used for the determination of risk factors for DRPs, with a p-value <0.05 for associations that were statistically significant. ResultsA total of 426 neonates were enrolled with a mean gestational age of 35.2 ± 7.5 weeks and a mean birth weight of 2316 ± 1814 g. A total of 486 DRPs were found among 55.6 % neonates. Among them, majority of DRPs were belongs to treatment effectiveness [n = 427 (87.8 %)]. In total, 559 interventions were made, resulting in the resolution of 87.4 % of the DRPs. Furthermore, neonates staying in hospital for more than 5 days identified as most significant risk factor of DRPs. ConclusionDRPs are common in neonates admitted to NICU. Clinical Pharmacist can play significant roles in identifying, preventing and resolving DRPs among neonates.

The use of hysteroscopy to identify and treat reproductive tract abnormalities in the mare

SummaryHysteroscopy is a complementary tool to the traditional transrectal palpation and ultrasonography commonly performed by equine practitioners. Once mastered, it is a quick and useful diagnostic tool for the general and targeted evaluation of the endometrium and provides real time information about potential causes of subfertility. Samples of intrauterine fluid and the endometrium can be taken via transendoscopic catheters or infusion pipettes or via the use of traditional endometrial biopsy forceps. In addition to being a useful diagnostic tool, treatments can often be performed at the same time the pathologies are identified, providing mare owners with information and resolution of problems. With the development of additional technologies, hysteroscopy allows for optical biopsies to be performed, which will likely increase in use as the software moves from the research laboratories to clinical practice. Hysteroscopy is an easily learned, useful clinical skill for the identification of abnormalities in the mares' reproductive tract.

Sixth-order perturbed WENO interpolation-based AWENO and WCNS-E schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws

The weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) interpolation-based schemes (the alternative WENO (AWENO) scheme and the explicit weighted compact nonlinear (WCNS-E) scheme) are limited to the fifth-order despite the sixth-order Taylor expansion of the numerical flux used. This order reduction is due to the fifth-order accuracy inherent in the WENO interpolation. We investigate the perturbed WENO interpolation with a free parameter and affine-invariant WENO weights to recover sixth-order accuracy in smooth regions. A cutoff function of the free parameter with a threshold, determined by approximate dispersion relation analysis, is applied to enhance the ENO property. The proposed schemes perform better in accuracy, dissipation, resolution, shock-capturing, and efficiency in 1D and 2D benchmark problems.

Topology optimization of blazed gratings under conical incidence

A topology optimization method is presented and applied to a blazed diffraction grating in reflection under conical incidence. This type of grating is meant to disperse the incident light on one particular diffraction order, and this property is fundamental in spectroscopy. Conventionally, a blazed metallic grating is made of a sawtooth profile designed to work with the ±1st diffraction order in reflection. In this paper, we question this intuitive triangular pattern and look for optimal opto-geometric characteristics using topology optimization based on finite element modelling of Maxwell’s equations. In practical contexts, the grating geometry is mono-periodic, but it is enlightened by a 3D plane wave with a wave vector outside of the plane of invariance. Consequently, this study deals with the resolution of direct and inverse problems using the finite element method in this intermediate state between 2D and 3D: the so-called conical incidence. A multi-wavelength objective is used in order to obtain a broadband blazed effect. Finally, several numerical experiments are detailed. Our numerical results show that it is possible to reach a 98% diffraction efficiency on the −1st diffraction order if the optimization is performed on a single wavelength, and that the reflection integrated over the [400,1500] nm wavelength range can be 29% higher in absolute terms, 56% in relative terms, than that of the sawtooth blazed grating when using a multi-wavelength optimization criterion (from 52% to 81%).

Snow Depth Estimation and Spatial and Temporal Variation Analysis in Tuha Region Based on Multi-Source Data

In the modelling of hydrological processes on a regional scale, remote-sensing snow depth products with a high spatial and temporal resolution are essential for climate change studies and for scientific decision-making by management. The existing snow depth products have low spatial resolution and are mostly applicable to large-scale studies; however, they are insufficiently accurate for the estimation of snow depth on a regional scale, especially in shallow snow areas and mountainous regions. In this study, we coupled SSM/I, SSMIS, and AMSR2 passive microwave brightness temperature data and MODIS, TM, and Landsat 8 OLI fractional snow cover area (fSCA) data, based on Python, with 30 m spatially resolved fractional snow cover area (fSCA) data obtained by the spatio-temporal dynamic warping algorithm to invert the low-resolution passive microwave snow depths, and we developed a spatially downscaled snow depth inversion method suitable for the Turpan–Hami region. However, due to the long data-processing time and the insufficient arithmetical power of the hardware, this study had to set the spatial resolution of the result output to 250 m. As a result, a day-by-day 250 m spatial resolution snow depth dataset for 20 hydrological years (1 August 2000–31 July 2020) was generated, and the accuracy was evaluated using the measured snow depth data from the meteorological stations, with the results of r = 0.836 (p ≤ 0.01), MAE = 1.496 cm, and RMSE = 2.597 cm, which are relatively reliable and more applicable to the Turpan–Hami area. Based on the spatially downscaled snow depth data produced, this study found that the snow in the Turpan–Hami area is mainly distributed in the northern part of Turpan (Bogda Mountain), the northwestern part of Hami (Barkun Autonomous Prefecture), and the central part of the area (North Tianshan Mountain, Barkun Mountain, and Harlik Mountain). The average annual snow depth in the Turpan–Hami area is only 0.89 cm, and the average annual snow depth increases with elevation, in line with the obvious law of vertical progression. The annual mean snow depth in the Turpan–Hami area showed a “fluctuating decreasing” trend with a rate of 0.01 cm·a−1 over the 20 hydrological years in the Turpan–Hami area. Overall, the spatially downscaled snow depth inversion algorithm developed in this study not only solves the problem of coarse spatial resolution of microwave brightness temperature data and the difficulty of obtaining accurate shallow snow depth but also solves the problem of estimating the shallow snow depth on a regional scale, which is of great significance for gaining a further understanding of the snow accumulation information in the Tuha region and for promoting the investigation and management of water resources in arid zones.

Small-Scale BOS Measurement Using Background Projection

Small-scale (smaller than 5 mm) flows were measured by the BOS technique using background projection. The BOS technique has been applied to many flow fields because of its ease of use, but there have been few cases of its application to small-scale flow fields. The standard BOS technique requires the installation of a background image far from flow field to prevent the distorting the flow by itself. Therefore, there is a problem of the spatial resolution being limited by the lens aperture when measuring small-scale flow fields. BOS measurement using background projection can achieve higher spatial resolution without any distorting flow by the background. In this case, we can project the background in or near the flow field while installing the background far from the measurement area. In this paper, we obtain the high spatial resolution of BOS measurement using background projection and apply this technique to focused ultrasound in water as small-scale flow. In the standard BOS technique, the distance between the background and the flow field was 20 mm due to the size of the ultrasound transducer, but the proposed method was installed at a position of 2 mm, achieving measurements with a spatial resolution more than six times higher. The displacement measured with the proposed method showed less distortion than the standard BOS, demonstrating the superiority of high spatial resolution

A project‐based learning mode for science students: Fluorescent protein expression in trypanosomes

AbstractAn effective, practical approach for incorporating molecular biology tools to biology and biochemistry students is described. For 6 weeks, students are exposed to bacterial transformation, plasmid DNA purification and analysis, parasite transfection, ectopic expression of fluorescent proteins, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry analysis. This research‐oriented laboratory course delves into theoretical and practical concepts of basic techniques in molecular biology to emphasize the logical connections between the obtained results and the resolution of problems that arise daily in a research laboratory, training the students in planning, conducting, discussing, and presenting their own experiments and results.

Interacting with Man or Machine: When Do Humans Reason Better?

The resolution of complex problems is widely seen as the next challenge for hybrid human–artificial intelligence (AI) teams. This paper uses experiments to assess whether there is a difference in the quality of human reasoning depending on whether the humans interact with humans or algorithms. For this purpose, we design an interactive reasoning task and compare the performance of humans when paired with other humans and AI. Varying the difficulty of the task (i.e., steps of counterfactual reasoning required), we find that, for simple tasks, subjects perform much better if they play with other humans, whereas the opposite is true for difficult problems. Additional experiments in which subjects play with human experts show that the differences are driven by the knowledge that AI reasons correctly rather than that it is nonhuman. This paper was accepted by Elena Katok, special issue on the human-algorithm connection. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03315 .

Implementación piloto de la gestión integral de la farmacoterapia a pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades cardiovasculares

Context: Comprehensive medication management service provides comprehensive pharmaceutical care to patients to meet their pharmacotherapeutic needs and improve their quality of life in terms of health. Aims: To describe the results of the pilot implementation of the comprehensive medication management service provided to inpatients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Longitudinal, prospective and intervention study was carried out, with qualitative research elements. The sample included patients with cardiovascular diseases and more than five days from the Cardiology Service of the “Saturnino Lora” Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba. The care process was developed according to the OFIL's Guide for the implementation of Comprehensive Medication Management. The patients’ medication experiences were evaluated according to Ramalho de Oliveira et al. The evaluation of drug-related problems and the clinical outcomes was carried out according to the Pharmacotherapy Work-up Method. Results: Twenty patients were included, 65% male. The mean age was 66.2 ± 13.1 years. Eighty percent of the patients had hypertension. One hundred percent received antihypertensive and antithrombotic drugs. Forty percent reported body as a pharmacotherapeutic experience. One hundred and thirty-three drug-related problems were detected and 45.1% corresponded to safety problems. One hundred and fifty-five pharmaceutical interventions were performed and 89% were accepted. Ninety percent of the patients achieved positive clinical outcomes. Conclusions: The pilot implementation of the comprehensive medication management service contributed to the resolution of drug-related problems and showed positive clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

High-resolution non-confocal non-line-of-sight imaging based on spherical-slice transform from spatial and temporal frequency to space and time.

Current non-confocal non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging faces the problems of low resolution and limited scene adaptability. We propose a non-confocal NLOS imaging method based on spherical-slice transform from spatial and temporal frequency to space and time. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method has high-resolution reconstruction without artifact interference, shape distortion, and position offset. Furthermore, it has strong scene adaptability. After GPU acceleration, the reconstruction time of the proposed method can be reduced to several hundred milliseconds for the PF32 photon array camera with 32 × 32 detection units. In the future, the proposed method has great potential for application in real-time NLOS imaging systems.

Machine learning-based grayscale analyses for lithofacies identification of the Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, China

It is of great significance to accurately and rapidly identify shale lithofacies in relation to the evaluation and prediction of sweet spots for shale oil and gas reservoirs. To address the problem of low resolution in logging curves, this study establishes a grayscale-phase model based on high-resolution grayscale curves using clustering analysis algorithms for shale lithofacies identification, working with the Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, China. The grayscale phase is defined as the sum of absolute grayscale and relative amplitude as well as their features. The absolute grayscale is the absolute magnitude of the gray values and is utilized for evaluating the material composition (mineral composition + total organic carbon) of shale, while the relative amplitude is the difference between adjacent gray values and is used to identify the shale structure type. The research results show that the grayscale phase model can identify shale lithofacies well, and the accuracy and applicability of this model were verified by the fitting relationship between absolute grayscale and shale mineral composition, as well as corresponding relationships between relative amplitudes and laminae development in shales. Four lithofacies are identified in the target layer of the study area: massive mixed shale, laminated mixed shale, massive calcareous shale and laminated calcareous shale. This method can not only effectively characterize the material composition of shale, but also numerically characterize the development degree of shale laminae, and solve the problem that difficult to identify millimeter-scale laminae based on logging curves, which can provide technical support for shale lithofacies identification, sweet spot evaluation and prediction of complex continental lacustrine basins.

SETTLEMENT OF CONSUMER DISPUTES THROUGH THE BANDUNG CITY CONSUMER DISPUTES RESOLUTION AGENCY (BPSK)

The Consumer Dispute Settlement Body (BPSK), in accordance with Law No. 8 of 1999 regulating Consumer Protection (UUPK) is regulated by the government, has a role to handle and resolve problems arising between consumers and business actors. The purpose of establishing BPSK is to reduce the complexity and time required in court proceedings, which are often long and difficult, by providing an out-of-court dispute resolution shortcut, focusing on the principles of speed, simplicity, and affordable costs. This study focuses on the Consumer Dispute Settlement Body in Bandung City, using a normative legal approach. In brief, the purpose of BPSK is to avoid resolving consumer disputes through the public courts. The general court is long and costly, but BPSK makes a fast and even cheap procedural law. The author analyzes legal literature related to consumer protection and consumer dispute resolution, and then compiles and classifies it in a detailed, systematic, and directed manner. The data collected is then analyzed descriptively to provide a comprehensive picture of the problem of consumer dispute resolution at BPSK Bandung City.

THE CURRENT INTERDEPENDENCE OF SECURITY SECTORS ON INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

The content of this article outlines a different and complete picture of how the security sectors (political, military, economic, societal and environmental) interact today. Therefore, using contextual analysis as a research method, it will aim to generate detailed answers to the following research question: How the growing dynamics of the international relations, the multidimensionality confrontation environments of actors and the rise of high-tech affect the interdependence between security sectors? Thus, I will determine the causality between the three factors and the interdependence of the security sectors through an analysis of recent security issues from different security complexes. Therefore, the aim of the article is to highlight the steady increase of reciprocity within the security sectors of the respective actor on the international stage, but also within the security complexes in which it is embedded. It will show that a security problem, regardless of the sector in which it is triggered, often overflows the other sectors and even to other actors. Today, states are so dependent on each other that often the analysis itself and the resolution of the security problems cannot be done independently. However, the threshold of acceptance and the level at which a common security problem is felt differs from one state to another, depending on specific factors that will be detailed in the article.

Global sensitivity analysis for multiple importance sampling centres using a novel adaptive line sampling method

To achieve more efficient resolution of reliability analysis problems in engineering, it is essential to enhance the line sampling (LS) method, which is typically effective for rare events. This article proposes an enhanced method for rare events by combining LS with kriging. In this method, the updating of kriging is conducted from a one-dimensional perspective along the important direction. The samples used to assess the failure probability are obtained through importance sampling (IS) from multiple IS centres rather than Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). During each iteration, both upper and lower bounds of the failure probability are simultaneously evaluated to determine whether to halt the iteration process. Finally, global sensitivity analysis is conducted by filtering the samples generated at multiple IS centres, rather than generating MCS samples. By comparison with existing methods, this article demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method through three numerical examples and an engineering problem.

Foreign Policy and Critical Security: The US Foreign Policy Towards Israel

Security is defined differently by classical and critical perspectives. The debate on security between classical and critical perspectives illustrates the inadequacy of the classical tradition. This article provides the approaches of classical and critical perspectives towards security and their shortcomings. The article argues that critical perspectives are much more effective than the classical approach regarding the understanding and resolution of security problems. It provides a critical reformulation of Foreign Policy (FP) which has been based on the classical approach. The article also examines the US FP towards Israel regarding the Arab-Israel wars and the US peace efforts, recommending that the US adopt an FP based on critical security for these issues.

Self-Help Movement and the Change Process of Recovery

The path of recovery from both addiction and trauma to resilience and transformation is rooted in the concept that all life is a balance between spirit and matter. Caring for the spiritual and physical selves requires self-reflection regarding life experiences and personal constructs. The central issue to positive mental health and the resolution of life problems, such as alcohol or drug addiction, gambling, abuse, etc., is partly vested in a robust management system that impacts an individual’s cultural and social support system. The demise of supportive communities is one of the significant losses of modern life. The self-help movement of Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs have always provided social support and encouragement to reflect on behaviors, motivations, and patterns that support healthy lifestyle changes. While it is not necessary for a recovering person to be religious, the movement may draw parallels to various spiritual and religious doctrines that recovering persons subscribe to; therefore, drawing these parallels only strengthens a person’s chances for long-term recovery

Study on seismic characterization and distribution characteristics of effective reservoirs of granite weathering crust in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

To solve the problem of low resolution of seismic data from granite weathering crust and difficulty in predicting effective reservoir distribution. Based on the research idea of combining geology and seismology, seismic facies characteristics and effective reservoir distribution of granite weathering crust are studied by means of frequency division reconstruction processing, seismic facies analysis and sensitive attributes interpretation. This method consists of the following four main processes: (1) Using improved Morlet wavelet function for frequency division and reconstruction processing of seismic data; (2) From the perspective of geological evolution, analyzing the geological origin of seismic facies; (3) Based on the results of well- seismic combination, clarifying the types of effective reservoirs and predicting their distribution; (4) Comprehensive research indicating favorable reservoirs distribution. The results indicate that (1) a considerably improved resolution of seismic data processed by frequency division reconstruction is obtained based on the improved Morlet wavelet function. Thus, granite reservoirs then have clearer internal reflection characteristics. (2) Affected by differences in weathering, the seismic facies in granite weathering crusts can be classified as follows: Strong-amplitude facies with amplitudes of 23,700 − 32,800, corresponding to eluvium, represents the late stage of weathering crust evolution with high-intensity weathering. Medium-amplitude facies with amplitudes of 5,250 − 24,000, corresponding to dissolution layer, represents a middle stage of weathering crust evolution with moderate weathering. And weak-amplitude-blank facies with amplitudes of 0–5,330, corresponding to disintegration layer, represents an early stage of weathering crust evolution with weak weathering. (3) Effective reservoirs can be classified according to well-seismic calibrations and combined with reservoir spaces, porosities and permeabilities, and the logging and oil-bearing characteristics of the reservoirs. Type I effective reservoir comprises medium-amplitude facies, with favorable reservoir conditions and high-yield oil-bearing properties; this type is distributed in the western slopes, with an elevation of 1,300-2,500 m. Type II effective reservoir comprises strong-amplitude facies, with poor oil-bearing properties; this type is mainly distributed in the southeast and north slopes of the study area, with a relatively limited range, and the elevation is mostly below 1,500 m. Type III effective reservoir comprises weak-amplitude-blank facies, with poor reservoir conditions and poor oil-bearing properties; this type is widely distributed at various elevations. (4) The areas where medium-amplitude facies have developed are the most favorable reservoir exploration zones for granite in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin.

Store-and-forward teledermatology in a Spanish health area significantly increases access to dermatology expertise

IntroductionTeledermatology is the practice of dermatology through communication technologies. The aim of this study is to analyze its implementation in a Spanish health area during its first two years.MethodsCross-sectional descriptive study. It included interconsultations between dermatologists and family physicians in the Salamanca Health Area (Spain) after the implementation of the non-face-to-face modality over a period of two consecutive years. A total of 25,424 consultations were performed (20,912 face-to-face and 4,512 non-face-to-face); 1000 were selected by random sampling, half of each modality. Main measures: referral rate, response time and resolution time, type of pathology, diagnostic concordance, and quality of consultation.ResultsThe annual referral rate was 42.9/1000 inhabitants (35.3 face-to-face and 7.6 non-face- to-face). The rate of face-to-face referrals was higher in urban areas (37.1) and the rate of non- face-to-face referrals in rural areas (10.4). The response time for non-face-to-face consultations was 2.4 ± 12.7 days and 56 ± 34.8 days for face-to-face consultations (p < 0.001). The resolution rate for non-face-to-face consultations was 44%. Diagnostic concordance, assessed by the kappa index, was 0.527 for face-to-face consultations and 0.564 for non-face-to-face consultations. Greater compliance with the quality criteria in the non-attendance consultations.ConclusionsTeledermatology appears to be an efficient tool in the resolution of dermatological problems, with a rapid, effective, and higher quality response for attention to skin pathologies.RegistryClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05625295. Registered on 21 November 2022 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT05625295).

TRANSFORMASI PELAYANAN DATA PENDIDIKAN MELALUI EFEKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI DI SULAWESI TENGGARA

The purpose of this writing is to determine the effectiveness of employee work in basic education data services at the Southeast Sulawesi Province Education and Culture Service. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach method with data collection using interviews, observations and document studies. Using interactive data analysis techniques according to Milles Huberman and Saldana. The research results show that basic education data entry in Southeast Sulawesi Province is carried out by the DAPODIK admin via the official link, with data validation in the DAPODIK room of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Data sorting is managed by the Education and Culture Bureau system and DAPODIK staff. Data services are carried out manually and online according to SOP, even though they are hampered by network problems and power outages. The DAPODIK program has helped speed up the resolution of school, teacher and student data problems, provided convenience for schools and teachers, and reduced community accumulation and paper usage, showing real changes in the education administration process.

Педагогічні умови формування професійних компетентностей майбутніх учителів історії

The article elucidates the author's pedagogical conditions for fostering professional competencies in prospective history teachers. These conditions encompass the cultivation of creative thinking and the establishment of a digital educational environment within higher education institutions. The study substantiates that the effective enhancement of creative thinking transpires through the resolution of complex pedagogical problems, tasks, and scenarios, thereby underscoring the significance of problem-based learning as a pivotal methodology for addressing creative challenges. Concerning the establishment of a digital educational environment in higher education as a requisite for the proficient development of future history teachers' professional competencies, the article posits the digitalization of higher education as a critical mandate for educational reform and a key facet of information society advancement. The article also outlines major trends in the digital evolution of education, including the advancement of mobile-oriented tools, artificial intelligence, and neural networks; the implementation of machine learning, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies; the adoption of virtualization and fog computing technologies; the progression of virtual reality; and the integration of virtual assistants and chatbots.