Problems Of Relations Research Articles

Current issues of intercultural interaction: experience of western countries

The current difficulties of intercultural interaction, experience of counteracting xenophobia and other problems are considered in the framework of the article on the example of Western countries, mainly the United States, as a state with a significant proportion of its population, including in percentage ratio, occupied by representatives of different races and cultures. In the course of the research the relevance and acuteness of the problems of intercultural interaction are assessed, the problems of weakening of peoples' self-awareness and formation of complexes of the race accused of xenophobia, as well as attempts to introduce xenophobic ideas into science are considered. The author also touches upon the topic of selective tolerance. The research is based on the analysis of scientific and informational publications on the topic under study, both domestic and foreign, representing an inside view of the problem. The material considered in the article allows us to conclude that the problems of intercultural relations in the United States are becoming more and more complicated over time, and similar processes are taking place in other Western countries, which gives grounds to recognize the policy of fighting xenophobia as ineffective. These articles can be used as a basis for further research into the problems of intercultural interaction and the possible development of measures for the settlement and subsequent prevention of these problems.

ETHNOCULTURAL COMPLEXITY OF THE POPULATION OF CHUVASHIA ACCORDING TO THE 2020 CENSUS

The relevance of the study is determined by new approaches in the official accounting of the nationality of Russian citizens. A decreasing number of representatives of the main ethnic groups both in Russia and in its individual regions increases the attention paid to the problems of ethnocultural development and interethnic relations. The publication of the 2020 census materials caused a mixed reaction to its organization and individual results. The purpose of the article is to analyze the census materials on the national composition of the population, an attempt to count citizens who have declared their difficult ethno–cultural choice. The reasons for the noticeable difference between the materials of sociological surveys and population census data are considered. Materials and methods. The article analyzes the published data of the 2020 population census, in particular, the data contained in the fifth volume of the national census 2020 results “National composition and language proficiency” for Russia in general and for the Chuvash Republic in particular. In addition, the “Methodological explanations” to the census materials were studied, as well as a number of regulatory documents. According to the table “Population’s answers to the question “Your nationality”, information was calculated on the number of people who chose a difficult answer to the question of nationality. Study results. The census materials showed that the number of individual ethnic groups of Chuvashia, representing the old-age population (except the Russians), decreased during the inter-census period. This process was determined not by the natural and mechanical movement of the population, but by the change of ethnic identity. The increase in the number and proportion of persons who did not indicate their ethnicity occurred both due to refusal to answer the question and due to a negative answer about specific nationality. In addition, in Chuvashia, the proportion of citizens whose information was obtained from administrative documents (gender and age) has increased significantly. The number of citizens who declared a complex ethnic identity was about 0.2% of those who named their ethnicity. This indicator lags far behind the data obtained in the course of sociological surveys. Conclusions. It follows from the above materials that the residents of Chuvashia were more loyal to the issue of their nationality compared to the citizens of Russia. The choice of a complex variant of ethnicity was not massive, but it also differed from a similar process in Russia as a whole. For example, in the republic, more often than in the country, the Russians, the Tatars, the Mordvins and the Ukrainians chose a difficult variant of nationality. The opposite picture was typical for the Chuvash; the Tatars living in Russia and Chuvashia had the same indicators of ethnocultural complexity. For the majority of the population, the definition of their ethnic identity did not cause any particular difficulties, but at the same time, both difficulties and a desire to distance themselves from such self-determination were noted in this process.

Advocacy Model for Combined Process (Med-Arbitration)-Based Resolution of Industrial Relations Conflicts Between Trade Unions and Businesses

<em>In the process of settling labor-management conflicts, trade unions play a crucial role for employees, employers, and trade unions themselves. According to Law Number 2 of 2004 concerning Industrial Relations Dispute Settlement, disputes about labor relations are settled through Bipartite, Tripatrit (labor relations mediation, conciliation, and arbitration), and if non-litigation legal remedies (apart from arbitration) fail, the matter is then brought before the Industrial Relations Court. Due to its proven effectiveness in resolving commercial conflicts, the combined process (med-arb) idea is thought to facilitate dispute resolution in industrial relations problems. Two issues are addressed in this research: the idea of combined process (med-arb) as it applies to the resolution of labor-union disputes with employers and the idea of legal certainty in the process of using combined process (med-arb) to resolve labor-union disputes with employers.</em>

Pitfalls in Implementing the EU Whistleblower Directive

Abstract In this paper, we focus on two conceptual problems associated with the EU Whistleblower Directive and point out issues that may undermine or even frustrate the successful implementation of the Directive in a national context. While fully acknowledging strong arguments for, and undeniable benefits of, speaking in favour of EU whistleblower protection, it has to be noted that a specific form of forced gold-plating calling for the extension of the material scope of protection may complicate the interpretation of the autonomous part of legislation and lead to legal insecurity. Moreover, new elements of whistleblower protection as introduced by the Directive diverge from the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The introduction of higher standards of protection in favour of whistleblowers does not raise problems in relations between the state and the individual, but some EU rules may cause problems in horizontal relations between private individuals, since fair balancing of interests as required by Strasbourg jurisprudence may be not always guaranteed.

Ein Beitrag Martin Hartmanns: „Japan und der Islam“

Abstract In this article, the authors give an edition of an article by the famous Orientalist Martin Hartmann (1851–1918), one of the founding fathers of the journal Die Welt des Islams, accompanied by an introduction and commentaries. In Hartmann’s text, which has remained unpublished, he comments on the possible consequences of the Russo-Japanese War (1904/05) and its outcome for Japan’s relationship with the Islamic world in general and the Muslims of China in particular. Hartmann takes a clear stance here against the Russian Empire on the one hand, but also against the policies of the European powers towards Japan on the other, and urges a prudent approach to the victor of the aforementioned war. This should be understood, among other things, against the background of the problematic relations between the German Empire and Japan since the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95) and the German Empire’s efforts to push Japan out of China. The original manuscript of this unpublished article is kept in the archives of the University of Halle.

Образ «чужого» в инфраструктуре российского города (на примере Челябинской области)

The article aims to identify the criteria of the "image" of a migrant and "migrant" infrastructure, to describe the problems of interethnic relations, integration of migrants from Central Asia in a Russian city (using the examples of cities in Chelyabinsk region). The author relies on 540 interviews with the local population of six cities of the region (Chelyabinsk, Kopeysk, Magnitogorsk, Miass, Zlatoust, Troitsk), as well as the results of observations, content analysis of mass media and Internet resources. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics revealed in the course of the research allowed us to characterise the image of the "alien", the structure of urban space in the dichotomy "native"-"alien", to identify the problems of interethnic relations, to describe which objects are given the status of "migrant" and through what markers this happens. Particular attention is paid to the image of the "alien" in the media and various Internet resources, which largely shape public attitudes towards migrants and where the latter are most often endowed with negative characteristics (settling by large families and thus "taking over" entire city districts, illegally occupying jobs and entire spheres of the regional economy). It is concluded that the image of the "alien" and "migrant" infrastructure in the media is formed under the influence of national, ethnic and class stereotyping, a limited set of life contexts, impersonality and passivity of migrants. It was revealed that a significant part of negative attitudes of the local population towards migrants is projected onto quite specific objects of urban infrastructure (markets, educational and medical institutions, "dangerous" neighbourhoods, etc.) and the spheres of activity (shuttle buses, trade, construction, etc.).

Analysis of foreign scientific relations and business trips of the Riga Medical Institute from 1950 to 1991

Relevance. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the role of foreign scientific contacts and professors' trips from 1950 to 1991 in the context of bibliographic sources underlines the tasks of the teaching character of the Riga Medical Institute. Since one of the least studied periods in the history of Latvian medicine with its ideological specificity is the period from 1950 to 1991, only individual studies can be found, including the history of the Riga Medical Institute and the Latvian State University in the monograph “From University to University”. The 60-year presence of Latvia in the USSR is often interpreted and idealized in two ways. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to consider the analysis of foreign scientific relations and business trips of the faculty of the Riga Medical Institute in the period from 1950 to 1991 in terms of bibliographic sources. For trips of scientific and teaching staff of the Riga Medical Institute outside the USSR, in the period from the establishment of the RSU until the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia in 1991, is characterized by connection with the political situation of the USSR system in international scientific relations. Methodology. The modern world has great opportunities for international cooperation and freedom of movement. Results. Students and Western scientists lack an understanding of the complex possibilities of scientific and academic staff of the Riga Medical Institute for scientific communication with researchers outside the USSR. Therefore, this topic has already attracted the attention of other European researchers. Conclusions. Practical significance lies in the updating of problems of foreign scientific relations and business trips of professors and teachers of the Riga Medical Institute in the period from 1950 to 1991 on the basis of new primary sources.

СЛАБЫЕ СЕМЕЙНЫЕ СВЯЗИ КАК ОДНА ИЗ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТ СОВЕРШЕНИЯ ОСУЖДЕННЫМИ, ОТБЫВАЮЩИМИ НАКАЗАНИЯ БЕЗ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ ОТ ОБЩЕСТВА, ПОВТОРНЫХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ

The article examines such negative trends in modern society as weak family ties, the withering of traditional family values, and the decline in the role of marriage, which act as determinants of repeated crimes committed by convicts serving sentences without isolation from society. A number of preventive measures of different levels are proposed. There are general social preventive measures aimed at solving the problems of the institution of the family, as well as special criminological measures to combat the causes of repeated crimes among convicts of the studied category who have problems in family relations. It is concluded that strong family ties can have a positive preventive effect on repeat crimes among convicts, reducing their level.

Comparison of Industrial Relations Systems in Developed and Developing Countries (Case Study of Singapore & Indonesia)

This research discusses the comparison of industrial relations systems in Indonesia and Singapore. Indonesia and Singapore basically have differences in country status where Indonesia is a developing country and Singapore is a developed country. The research method used in this research is qualitative using a literature study approach. Industrial relations in Indonesia itself are regulated in the law which regulates industrial or employment issues. There have been several changes to the laws implemented by Indonesia, and Singapore itself has also twice amended the regulations governing industrial relations in its country. With changes to the regulations made by the Indonesian government, up to now there are still quite a lot of problems in industrial relations in Indonesia

TURKIYE: THE IMPLICATION OF IRAQ CONFLICT ON THE US–TÜRKIYE STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIP

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the foundations of relations between Türkiye and the US and to analyze the impact of the Iraq War on relations between the two coun tries. The relations that developed in the context of security after the Cold War were naturally supported by economic aid. Although there were many problems in the fragile relations during the Cold War, the ties between the two countries were never completely severed. While frequent occurrences strengthened Türkiye’s significance in the area, the divergent interests of the two nations have only recently begun to come into focus. The developments taking place in Türkiye’s neighboring countries also attract the attention of the United States, and the repercussions of events in these regions are reflected in Türkiye, especially concerning conflicts involving Russia. In this context, although the relations between the two countries are often touted as an alliance, it highlights the fact that it leans more towards a necessity. At this point, the Iraq War has had a significant impact on the relations between the two countries and has led to the emergence and increase of problems between the two countries. Keywords: Türkiye, United States, alliance, necessity, economy.

Membangun Peran Serta Hubungan Industrial PT. Karya Cahya Anue Dengan Para Pegawai Untuk Mencapai Tujuan Yang Sama

A company is an aciion carried out by one or more people to achieve the same goal. In other words, a conipany 3 aform of business entity that places greater eniphasis on profit or profit front the goods or Services offered to someone by the conipany. According to DrsUncolin Arsyad, M.Sc, a conipany is a profit-oriented organization that buys input s and input Services and selis goods and Services. A conipany is anyform of business t hal carries out any type of bus iness that is permanent and continuous and/or which is established with f/ie aim of obtaining profit or proflts. Various jields in the conipany must be ahosen aarefullyand thoroughly, becanse there are manyfields in the conipany, induding companies that run their business in the advertising sector. The niethod used in writing this article is a gualitative niethod. Qualitative research is research that looks at the perspective ofsocial reality, naniely by seeing the world as it is, therefbre a qualitative researcher must be someone with an operi mind. Basically, qualitative research has two ohjectives, naniely: first, describing and revealing and second, describing and ezplaining. Based on the results of interviews conducted with HRD PT. Karya Cahaya Anue on November 29 2023. In the interview we asked several questions regarding industrial relations problems at PT. PT. Cahaya Anue’s work includes "How the Conipany’s participation ensures active involvenient between employees and the Conipany in making strategic decisions a t PT Cahya Anue's work’’

CURRENT ISSUES IN THE SPHERE OF FOP ACTIVITIES: FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF THE LABOR LEGAL RELATIONS OF THESE SUBJECTS

CURRENT ISSUES IN THE SPHERE OF FOP ACTIVITIES: FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF THE LABOR LEGAL RELATIONS OF THESE SUBJECTS

Соціально-психологічний супровід дитячо-батьківських взаємин під час дистанційного навчання в закладах загальної середньої освіти в умовах війни

The article substantiates the relevance of the problem of psychological and pedagogical support of families, with consideration of modern realities and challenges of the time (distance learning in war conditions). The possibilities of remote monitoring of child-parent relations and the role of a school psychologist have been determined. Conclusions regarding the results of the study of theoretical approaches in providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to children and teachers have been given. The main problems in family and child-parent relations in war conditions have been identified. Factors that significantly exacerbate child-parent relations have been analyzed. A pilot study in the form of a survey (via Google Forms) in 7th, 9th, 10th grades has been conducted (parents and students of secondary schools of Slovianskyi district of Donetsk region participated in the sample). The types and volumes of child-parent communication after school hours have been clarified. The need for systematic psychological and pedagogical support and the creation of the following conditions for the interaction of the participants of the educational process has been proven: the formation of permanent, two-way informational contact between the participants of the interaction; systematic and purposeful inclusion of all subjects of the educational process in the joint activity; the formation of a positive attitude towards the interaction of participants against the background of favorable emotional well-being.

Sino-Russian cooperation on the Ice Silk Road project in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict

This article examines the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on Sino-Russian cooperation, analyzes the Chinese Ice Silk Road project and the development of the Russian Northern Sea Route, and based on the above analysis, predicts the further course of cooperation between China and Russia on the Ice Silk Road project. The subject of the study is the Chinese-Russian cooperation on the Ice Silk Road project in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The object of the study is Chinese-Russian cooperation. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the problems of international relations caused by the conflict between Russia and Ukraine; exchange and cooperation between China and Russia against the background of the conflict, as well as determining the trend of future cooperation between the two countries. Special attention is paid to the situation in the Chinese-Russian Ice Silk Road project against the background of the conflict, analysis and forecast of the possibility of cooperation between the two countries on this project in the future. This article uses the method of system theory, considers Sino-Russian relations as an integral part of the system of international relations, Sino-Russian cooperation on the Ice Silk Road project as a level below the level of Sino-Russian relations, and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict as a change of circumstances. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict has exacerbated the polarization of the world. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine did not have too much impact on Sino-Russian cooperation and even introduced favorable factors into Sino-Russian cooperation, the economic sphere will be the main area of cooperation between the two countries. The conflict directly deprives Russia of its Western partners in the Northern Sea Route, and also further distances China from its Western partners in the Ice Silk Road project. The development of the Russian "Northern Sea Route" urgently needs other countries to fill the gap left by Western countries. Continuing further cooperation in the Ice Silk Road project is a reasonable choice. In the next period of time, China opened a window of opportunity for in-depth cooperation with Russia on the Ice Silk Road project. In the future, China is likely to achieve cooperation with Russia, in addition to energy cooperation in the development of the Russian "Northern Sea Route", such as technical cooperation and other cooperation.

ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE LEGACY OF YULIAN TARNOVYCH AS THE EDITOR OF “NASH LEMKО”

The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of Y. Tarnovych’s articulation of the multi-layered subject of international relations in the columns of the newspaper “Nash Lemko”. The research methodology is based on the combination of principles (historicism and objectivity) and methods (philosophical, general scientific and special-historical) of scientific research, which are usual for works on the historical science. The scientific novelty of the article consists in an attempt to comprehensive reconstruction of Y. Tarnovych's journalism on the pages of “Nash Lemko”, dedicated to the relations of Ukrainians with Poles, Russians and Jews. Conclusions. Summarizing the journalistic work of Y. Tarnovych devoted to the problems of international relations presented on the pages of “Nash Lemko”, it was noted that its content was determined by life itself. After all, in his daily life, the Ruthenian was often frustrated by the aggressive national and fiscal policy of the Polish state, Russian agitators with Bolshevik and Muscophile slogans, as well as the desire for unjust profit from Jewish innkeepers and resellers. All this prompted the editor of the first Ruthenian newspaper to intensify reflection on difficult relations with neighbors from a historical perspective and in the reality of the time he lived in. The consequences of such reflection for Y. Tarnovych was teaching Lemko readers to resist to the manipulations of uninvited guests. In some places, as it was in the Jewish case, such advice was influenced by the xenophobia prevalent on the eve of the Second World War and harmed the Ruthenians themselves in their attempts to find a model of possible harmonious inter-ethnic coexistence with neighbors. However, in general, the journalistic work of the editor of “Nash Lemko” contributed to the establishment of the Sobornost ideology and values of public activism in the Ruthenian environment. This helped the Lemkos to acquire the necessary unity and stability in times of military confrontation, to quickly self-organize after being expelled from their native lands, and to build an equal dialogue with representatives of different peoples in their new countries of residence. Key words: Y. Tarnovych, international relations, journalism, “Our Lemko”, the Second Polish Republic.

INSTITUTIONAL SECURITY IN RELATIONS OF OWNERSHIP OF NATURAL RESOURCES: STATE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY AND DECENTRALIZATION

The article defines the natural resource sphere of the national economy as the largest territorial and sectoral complex, which includes land, water, forest, mineral, natural and recreational and other types of resources. The lack of implementation of the allocation of a sufficient amount of funds aimed at the rationalization of nature use and the modernization of environmental infrastructure facilities, as well as the uneven distribution of capital investments for the protection and rational use of natural resources in the region for the period 2016-2022, was established. It is substantiated that in the conditions of decentralization of power, the general basis of institutional support for property relations over natural resources should be corporatization, development of rent relations, improvement of fiscal mechanisms in resource use, market-economic evaluation and capitalization of all-natural resources without exception at the local, regional and national levels. The theoretical foundations of the problems of institutional support in property relations in the conditions of decentralization of power have been deepened by determining the need to create an institutional system of property. This system provides for the development of lease relationships, approaches to investment projects, improvement of natural resource taxation mechanisms by improving the system of local taxes on the use of resources, and assessment of the value of natural resources at the micro, meso, and macro levels. The definition of ecological and economic problems of property relations is formulated, which, unlike the existing ones, are focused on the problems of attracting capital investments and current costs of the state for the protection of the natural environment in conditions of decentralization, as well as the fundamental basis for the formation of an institutional system of property in nature management, taking into account foreign experience. The results of the research can be used in the development of regional and national programs and forecasts on issues of nature management and environmental protection.

Of Difficult Mothers and Rebellious Daughters: Investigating the Electra Complex in Contemporary Nigerian Feminist Fiction

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Sefi Atta and Lola Shoneyin are undoubtedly three of the most celebrated feminist novelists in the contemporary Nigerian literature. These three women-writers have one thing in common – each has written at least a novel in which she employs the usual problematic relations between a mother figure and a daughter as a means of exploring feminism – inflected issues such as identity-construction, subjecthood, and patriarchy, etc. I am making reference to Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun, Atta’s Everything Good Will Come and Shoneyin’s The Secret Lives of Baba Segi’s Wives. These novelists thematize in various ways albeit unconsciously the Electra complex. This paper argues that it seems something of a paradox that these women – novelists in engaging in feminist critiques of patriarchy, should to some extent appear to do so through the agency of the difficult relationship between a mother-figure and a daughter even when no psychological exploration in the delineation of these characters appears to be intended in these novels. The paper aims to draw attention to each of these writers’ representation of certain aspects of the relations between the female protagonist of their respective novels, who appears to embody the novelist’s feminist values, and her parents, especially to the uneasy tensions that seem to exist between them. Keywords: Patriarchy, Feminism, The Electra Complex, The Symbolic Realm, The Unconscious

Media Relations for School Promotions in Trensains Muhammadiyah Sragen Senior High School

Abstract. Muhammadiyah Trensains Senior High School Sragen is a leading Muhammadiyah school in Sragen, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The school has excellent achievements in science. The problem encountered is the need for more publication in the mass media. There is a problem in media relations at Muhammadiyah Trensains Senior High School Sragen. For the solution to the problem, this community service was directed at increasing the competency of teachers in the field of media relations. This community service was carried out with workshops involving Muhammadiyah Trensains Senior High School Sragen teachers. Workshop materials included mastery of media relations for school publications and writing news releases. Next, the teacher sent news releases to the mass media. Writing and delivery of news releases have been published in the mass media. The result of this community service is the increased news coverage of Muhammadiyah Trensains Senior High School Sragen in various media.

Russian-Chinese Trade and Economic Relations under International Sanctions Pressure

Russia and China have a long-standing cooperation, determined by their geographical location and historical situation. Currently, Russian-Chinese cooperation has reached an unprecedented high level. Both countries, having established strong political mutual trust among themselves, are actively developing trade, economic, investment, scientific and technical relations. Modern Russian-Chinese relations are officially defined by the parties as relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction, entering a new era. At the same time, both countries faced the negative impact of sanctions from Western countries. In light of recent socio-economic and political events, including the global COVID-19 pandemic, the aggravation of contradictions between Russia and the «global West» led by the United States, and the general deterioration of geopolitical relations between countries, sanctions have become a key instrument of international influence. Confrontation with the West has a decisive influence on the development of Russian-Chinese relations in almost all areas and contributes to greater rapprochement between Moscow and Beijing, which in turn opens up new opportunities for both countries. In this regard, it becomes relevant to analyze the impact of sanctions on relations between countries, including the consequences that they can have on further socio-economic, technological and political cooperation between the two states. The article examines trade and economic relations between Russia and China under international sanctions pressure in the period from 2020 to 2023. The dynamics and problems of economic relations in the field of trade and investment, directions and problems of implementing mutual trade and economic projects are shown.

Ways to optimize inter-budget relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan

In this article, the authors considered the principles of the budget system, implemented their comparative differentiation and analyzed the process of moving funds from one level to another in the form of a transfer of funds in inter-budgetary relations. Inequality of tendencies of formation of budget revenues in these regions is also noted, the needs for the emergence of inter-budget relations and the volume of gross domestic product in the territory of the republic with low concentration of the number and volume of large producers in the domestic market are determined in the context of regions. During the study, the authors also analyzed the volume of subventions from the republican budget, budget exemptions from the local budget and the ratio of subventions to budget exemptions: it is noted that the mechanism of subventions and exemptions leads to a decrease in the share of tax revenues in local budgets against the background of growth of transfers from the republican budget, which, in turn, contributes to a decrease in the independence of local authorities. The main purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the financial policy of the state with regard to the optimization of inter-budget relations in the RK, to identify problems and consider ways of solution. In assessing the state and identifying the problems of inter-budget relations in the country used general scientific methods of research, methods of statistical and comparative analysis. According to the results of the study it was established that to increase the tenge of inter-budget relations a number of measures are taken, in particular, the work on expanding financial autonomy and stimulating local executive bodies to develop the regional economy and increase the revenues of local budgets has been implemented. The conclusions and proposals of the study can serve as a scientific basis for the implementation of policies related to inter-budget relations of the RK.