Problems In Media Research Articles

CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF MULTIMEDIA STAGING IN THE EDUCATIONAL THEATRE: THE UNIZIK EXAMPLE

At the turn of the century, theatre practice embraced digital technology as an aid towards the achievement of multifarious effects in the theatre. The problem of this study therefore is to examine the effectiveness of multimedia staging technique in an Educational theatre in Nigeria using the performance of Esiaba Irobi’s Colour of Rusting Gold at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Theatre as a case study. Through the participant observation approach of the qualitative research method, the study interrogates the challenges and problems of the new media employed in multimedia staging in a Nigerian Educational Theatre. The study finds that due to the dearth of state-of-the-art digital staging equipment that the desired effects of multimedia staging is lost on the audience. It thus recommends the re-equipment of Educational Theatres for optimum positive effects of multimedia staging and concludes that the Nigerian Educational Theatre has the potentials of meeting global best practices in theatre design and technology if adequate equipment are provided for the training of theatre professionals.

Non-Overlapping Schwarz Waveform-Relaxation for Nonlinear Advection-Diffusion Equations

Nonlinear advection-diffusion equations often arise in the modeling of transport processes. We propose for these equations a non-overlapping domain decomposition algorithm of Schwarz waveform-relaxation (SWR) type. It relies on nonlinear zeroth-order (or Robin) transmission conditions between the sub-domains that ensure the continuity of the converged solution and of its normal flux across the interface. We prove existence of unique iterative solutions and the convergence of the algorithm. We then present a numerical discretization for solving the SWR problems using a forward Euler discretization in time and a finite volume method in space, including a local Newton iteration for solving the nonlinear transmission conditions. Our discrete algorithm is asymptotic preserving, i.e., robust in the vanishing viscosity limit. Finally, we present numerical results that confirm the theoretical findings, in particular the convergence of the algorithm. Moreover, we show that the SWR algorithm can be successfully applied to two-phase flow problems in porous media as paradigms for evolution equations with strongly nonlinear advective and diffusive fluxes.

A level-set immersed boundary method for reactive transport in complex topologies with moving interfaces

A simulation framework based on the level-set and the immersed boundary methods (LS-IBM) has been developed for reactive transport problems in porous media involving a moving solid-fluid interface. The interface movement due to surface reactions is tracked by the level-set method, while the immersed boundary method captures the momentum and mass transport at the interface. The proposed method is capable of accurately modeling transport near evolving boundaries in Cartesian grids. The framework formulation guarantees second order accuracy in space. Since the interface velocity is only defined at the moving boundary, an interface velocity propagation method is also proposed. The method can be applied to other moving interface problems of the “Stefan” type. Here, we validate the proposed LS-IBM both for flow and transport close to an immersed object with reactive boundaries as well as for crystal growth. The proposed method provides a powerful tool to model more realistic problems involving moving reactive interfaces in complex domains.

Medical and social aspects of the problem of chronic purulent otitis media

One of the current trends in otology is the prevention and treatment of chronic purulent otitis media (HCSO). The disease leads to decreased social activity, deterioration in the patients’ quality of life, often causes severe intracranial complications, and reduced perception of sounds at different frequencies with hearing impairment. The social significance of chronic purulent otitis media consists in a violation of working capacity in persons of the most mature age – 25–50 years, in connection with which, the disease causes certain economic damage to the state. In modern otorhinolaryngology, new therapeutic and diagnostic techniques are gradually being introduced, methodological approaches to surgical treatment and medicines for the treatment of HCG are being developed, which causes therapeutic and diagnostic progress, but in this regard has significantly increased the cost of medical care. The purpose of this work is to analyze from an economic, social and clinical point of view the effectiveness of medical care provided to patients with chronic purulent otitis media. The analysis was carried out on the basis of a literature review, collection and processing of material from official studies, published articles in domestic and foreign publications. Despite the significant advances made by modern otorhinolaryngology, the discussion regarding such a sinister disease and its medical and social aspects is still relevant. We can say that the etiological factors, the pathogenesis of HCSO have been studied quite carefully, the basic concepts of treatment have been developed. But there are new information and directions in this matter that need to be investigated. The problem of treating patients with chronic purulent otitis is of urgent importance for otosurgeons. Questions are being discussed about which type of surgical treatment (tympanoplasty) will be optimal, how many stages of intervention are required, what materials should be used. Тhe question of medical, economic and social justification for the disease of chronic purulent otitis media is subject to study. It is in this aspect that this problem is relevant.

Analysis of fractures in linear viscoelastic media using a generalized finite element method and the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle

A methodology for an efficient analysis of 3-D fracture mechanics problems in linear viscoelastic media is presented. It combines the Elastic–Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle (EVCP), a Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM), and an inverse Laplace transform (ILT) method to compute Energy Release Rate (ERR) and Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) for viscoelastic fracture problems in the time domain. The method is denoted EVCP-GFEM-ILT and consists of solving a reference elastic problem in the Laplace domain using a quadratic p-hierarchical GFEM, computing quantities of interest in this domain, and transforming them to the time domain with the aid of a numerical ILT method. One of the key features of the method is that a single elastic solution is required, regardless of the time interval of the target viscoelastic problem. A detailed verification of the methodology against analytical and reference numerical solutions is performed. Problems subjected to either non-homogeneous Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions of increasing complexity are considered. Two ILT methods are studied and the one based on Fourier series is shown to deliver accurate results for all tested boundary conditions, as well as non-trivial viscoelastic material models. The computational cost of the method applied to a 3-D problem is compared with the one for Abaqus which solves the problem directly in the time domain using a FEM mesh with quarter-point elements. A fully 3-D mixed-mode fracture problem with a non-trivial viscoelastic material model is solved to highlight the applicability of the proposed methodology. Finally, a problem of practical interest is analyzed in order to show how the methodology proposed in this work can be applied to efficiently handle large-scale simulations.

Generalized lattice Boltzmann method for radiative transfer problem in slab and irregular graded-index media.

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed as a powerful solution method in computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer. However, the development of the LBM for solving radiative transfer problems has been far from perfect. This paper proposes a generalized form of the lattice Boltzmann model for the multidimensional radiative transfer equation (RTE) in irregular geometry with a graded index based on body-fitted coordinates. The macroscopic RTE is recovered from Chapman-Enskog analysis, which provides two possible procedures to formulate the Boltzmann equation in graded-index media and irregular geometries. These proposed models have been tested by considering one-and two-dimensional problems of the RTE, and the benchmark solutions reported in the literature were used for comparisons. Afterwards, the LBM is used to analyze the radiation transport in graded-index media for various forms of scattering law, refractive index, boundary reflection, laser and optical properties, and temperatures. The graded-index function and the geometry type have a significant effect on radiative transport in cases in which the refractive index matches or mismatches the boundary. It is also apparent that the developed LBM is an efficient, powerful, robust, and accurate solver for radiative transport in inhomogeneous media with a graded-index function and irregular geometries.

A two‐grid discontinuous Galerkin method for an incompressible miscible displacement problem

AbstractAn incompressible miscible displacement problem in porous media is studied. A two‐grid algorithm based on an interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is proposed. With this algorithm, solving a nonlinear system on the discontinuous finite element space is reduced to solving a nonlinear problem on a coarse grid and a linear problem on a fine grid. The error estimate for the concentration in H1‐norm and the error estimate for the velocity in L2‐norm are obtained. The numerical experiments are provided to confirm our theoretical analysis.

The MLS-based numerical manifold method for Darcy flow in heterogeneous porous media

The moving least squares (MLS) interpolation gets rid of the shackles of meshes, while the numerical manifold method (NMM) can solve both continuity and discontinuity problems in a unified way. The MLS-based NMM (abbreviated as MLS-NMM) inherits the individual merits of MLS and NMM. In the present work, the MLS-NMM is extended to solve groundwater flow problems in heterogeneous porous media. To accurately simulate the flow velocity field at and in the vicinity of the material interfaces, the refraction law is introduced into the proposed model as a posteriori condition. Several examples are employed to verify the correctness and accuracy of the proposed model. The results indicate that the MLS-NMM can model the Darcy flow in heterogeneous porous media with high accuracy, as well as satisfy the refraction law rigorously. In addition, the smooth flow velocity field can be obtained directly without the need for extra post-processing.

Multiscale, multiphysics modeling of saturated granular materials in large deformation

We propose a multiscale, multiphysics approach by coupling two-phase material point method (MPM) with discrete element method (DEM) (MPM-DEM) to simulate the hydro-mechanical coupling responses of saturated granular media from small strain en route to large deformation under either quasi-static or dynamic loading conditions. The multiscale scheme is featured by (a) using a two-phase MPM in conjunction with the u−v−p formulation to solve the solid–fluid interactions in the macroscopic domain of a boundary value problem of saturated porous media, and (b) employing a DEM assembly comprised of arbitrarily shaped particles to provide path-dependent effective constitutive responses for each material point under complex loading conditions. A semi-implicit integration scheme based on the fractional step algorithm is further implemented in the proposed multiscale approach to improve its overall efficiency. The proposed approach is validated by the one-dimensional consolidation test before being further used to simulate more challenging problems, including the cyclic shaking test, the column collapse, and the wave propagation in anisotropic saturated porous media. We demonstrate that the proposed MPM-DEM approach is powerful and versatile in capturing the complicated static and dynamic multiphysics interactions exhibited in saturated granular media that could be of practical importance in various engineering settings. We further establish connections between these macroscopic observations with their underlying microstructural mechanisms to offer multiscale insights into the complicated dynamic responses of saturated sand.

The phenomenon of pathostreaming and pathological content in the face of media policy

Pathological online communication behaviours and their detrimental effects have remained a significant component of Internet research ever since it became a field of study in media science. It is safe to say that, in addition to the valuable content posted on social media, one can also find content that can be threatening given the media reality of today’s online audience. In the author’s opinion, pathostreaming and pathological content should certainly be considered as such. Pathostreaming is a new phenomenon in the media space, which involves posting of online recordings or images containing obscene, vulgar and sexual content, as well as, spreading hate speech on various digital platforms. Its peculiarity has contributed to the emergence of new media entities – the pathostreamer, the pathoinfluencer and the pathouser. The author of this article attempts to analyse the activities of obscene content creators and their viewers using content analysis and interviews. The paper’s goals are to demonstrate the phenomenon of pathostreaming as the risk of social pathologies being transmitted into the online space and to outline media policy towards this media problem.

An Ambient Media Advertising Order Snatch System Based on Price Stepping Algorithm

With the rapid development of modern information society, all types of advertisements emerge in an endless flow, where ambient media that emphasizes the multi-sensory experience of users rise as the times require. In this paper, based on the price stepping algorithm, a new ambient media advertising model based on O2O that integrates offline large-screen resources is proposed to further promote the development of ambient media in modern society. By introducing the price stepping (PPA) algorithm for sales and management analysis and sensitivity evaluation of actual goods, we aim to dynamically solve the marketing and inventory decision problem of environmental media advertising products, and on this basis, we use the price stepping (PPA) algorithm to make sales forecasts for high-cost goods, provide decision support for inventory and theoretical balance, and achieve theoretical maximization of environmental media advertising. The simulation results show that the PPA algorithm provides a more accurate sales forecast for high-cost goods, which in turn provides a joint decision idea to achieve inventory optimization and profit maximization, and provides an optimization method for merchants to balance inventory costs and marketing costs to maximize profits.

Combining Gradient Optimization and Machine Learning Methods for Inverse Problems in Layered Heterogeneous Media

Combining Gradient Optimization and Machine Learning Methods for Inverse Problems in Layered Heterogeneous Media

Wasserstein model reduction approach for parametrized flow problems in porous media

The aim of this work is to build a reduced order model for parametrized porous media equations. The main challenge of this type of problems is that the Kolmogorov width of the solution manifold typically decays quite slowly and thus makes usual linear model order reduction methods inappropriate. In this work, we investigate an adaptation of the methodology proposed in [Ehrlacher et al., Nonlinear model reduction on metric spaces. Application to one-dimensional conservative PDEs in Wasserstein spaces, ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis (2020)], based on the use of Wasserstein barycenters [Agueh & Carlier, Barycenters in the Wasserstein Space, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis (2011)], to the case of non-conservative problems. Numerical examples in one-dimensional test cases illustrate the advantages and limitations of this approach and suggest further research directions that we intend to explore in the future.

USING PHYSICS-INFORMED NEURAL NETWORKS TO SOLVE FOR PERMEABILITY FIELD UNDER TWO-PHASE FLOW IN HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been applied to a wide range of computational physical problems. In this paper, we use PINNs to solve an inverse two-phase flow problem in heterogeneous porous media where only sparse direct and indirect measurements are available. The forward two-phase flow problem is governed by a coupled system of partial differential equations (PDEs) with initial and boundary conditions. As for inverse problems, the solutions are assumed to be known at scattered locations but some coefficients or variable functions in the PDEs are missing or incomplete. The idea is to train multiple neural networks representing the solutions and the unknown variable function at the same time such that both the underlying physical laws and the measurements can be honored. The numerical results show that our proposed method is able to recover the incomplete permeability field in different scenarios. Moreover, we show that the method can be used to forecast the future dynamics with the same format of loss function formulation. In addition, we employ a neural network structure inspired by the deep operator networks (DeepONets) to represent the solutions which can potentially shorten the time of the training process.

Modeling 3-D Elastic Wave Propagation in TI Media Using Discontinuous Galerkin Method on Tetrahedral Meshes

Transversely isotropic (TI) medium is a widely studied anisotropic solid medium in seismology. The numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation in TI media is an effective tool to analyze the mechanism of seismic waves in complex anisotropic media. In this study, we introduce a double-weighted Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method for numerically solving wave propagation problems in 3D TI media with surface topography. This method incorporates the discontinuous Galerkin spatial discretization with an explicit double-weighted two-step iteration time discretization. The local Lax-Friedrichs flux is used as the numerical flux in the formulations. This method can solve the first-order velocity-stress seismic wave equations including TI media as well as more general anisotropic media. Due to the large scale of 3D problems, the parallel technology is adopted. Regions with irregular boundaries are discretized into unstructured tetrahedral meshes. Numerical experiments for various anisotropic media including the vertical and tilted TI media are presented. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the double-weighted RKDG method in wavefield simulations in 3D complicated anisotropic media.

Co-Evolving Popularity Prediction in Temporal Bipartite Networks: A Heuristics Based Model

One of the big challenges of our modern life is to find the right items or contents on the Internet and particularly in social media. One way of addressing the information overload problem in social media is to predict the future trends and popularity of online items. The popularity of an item can be measured by its attractiveness, i.e., the number of times it is being used. This popularity prediction can be translated to a link prediction and ranking problem, which aims to predict the link gain of the items in a user-item interaction network. User-item interactions in an online environment can be modelled as a bipartite network, where a link represents an event, reflecting a user buys or collects an item. Popularity prediction problem in temporal bipartite networks is of great interest to researchers. In this study, we propose a heuristic based model which only consider nodes collective link gain in a recent past time window of time as well as total link gain. To evaluate our model’s efficiency, we tested them on co-evolving social media items. We also evaluated the models’ performance on five information retrieval metrics (i.e., Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic, Kendall’s rank correlation tau, Precision, Novelty, and temporal novelty). The proposed model does not need hyper-parameter learning, which makes it the best choice for highly temporal and data streaming scenarios.

Online media and broadcasting ethics

Background: The code of ethics, drafted by a group of local and foreign experts, aimed to establish a certain framework where a distinction was made between what should and should not be broadcast in the media. For many years this code of ethics was respected by most of the traditional media in the country, where quality content and ethics had the main weight during the broadcast. Purpose:This study tries to analyze one of the most common problems in the Albanian media, the transmission of unethical content. The study relies on quantitative and qualitative data, researching both the nature of the content being broadcast and the causes leading to its transmission. Method: In the framework of this study, monitoring was conducted in various online media, and also a survey was conducted with 22 surveyors to understand if the public needs these contents and what access they have to them.

Misinformation on Misinformation: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges

Alarmist narratives about online misinformation continue to gain traction despite evidence that its prevalence and impact are overstated. Drawing on research examining the use of big data in social science and reception studies, we identify six misconceptions about misinformation and highlight the conceptual and methodological challenges they raise. The first set of misconceptions concerns the prevalence and circulation of misinformation. First, scientists focus on social media because it is methodologically convenient, but misinformation is not just a social media problem. Second, the internet is not rife with misinformation or news, but with memes and entertaining content. Third, falsehoods do not spread faster than the truth; how we define (mis)information influences our results and their practical implications. The second set of misconceptions concerns the impact and the reception of misinformation. Fourth, people do not believe everything they see on the internet: the sheer volume of engagement should not be conflated with belief. Fifth, people are more likely to be uninformed than misinformed; surveys overestimate misperceptions and say little about the causal influence of misinformation. Sixth, the influence of misinformation on people’s behavior is overblown as misinformation often “preaches to the choir.” To appropriately understand and fight misinformation, future research needs to address these challenges.

Numerical Approximation to Porous Medium Equation Using a Quarter-Sweep Based Finite Difference and Explicit Four-Points Group

In this study, numerical approximation is used to tackle the one-dimensional nonlinear porous media problem. The emphasis is on using a quarter-sweep finite difference technique to apply the approximation. The quarter-sweep computation approach is highly helpful in terms of reducing complexity while solving big and sparse linear equations. This is done in order to produce a finite difference scheme that works well for the porous medium equation. Internal calculations are carried out using an explicit four-points group methodology, and the resulting nonlinear system is solved using the Newton method. To demonstrate the efficiency of the suggested finite difference approximation and the explicit four-points group technique together, several examples involving the porous medium equation are described. Analyzing the maximum number enables an assessment of the computational time and iteration efficiency of the numerical approach. The method's accuracy is further evaluated by looking at the largest absolute errors the grid points can produce. The suggested method is compared with a half-sweep finite difference method that uses the Newton explicit group method and a conventional quarter-sweep finite difference approximation.

The weak Galerkin method for the miscible displacement of incompressible fluids in porous media on polygonal mesh

In this paper, we develop a robust weak Galerkin discretization for the incompressible miscible displacement problem in porous media, which is a nonlinear time-dependent system. The scheme we constructed is positive definite and flexible by arbitrarily shaped polygonal mesh without imposing extra conditions on the stabilization. The other feature of our method is that there is no limitation on the ratio of time-step and spatial mesh size. Error estimates are derived for concentration and pressure in the L2 norm and energy norm, respectively. Extensive numerical experiments, including realistic test cases, have been conducted to verify our theoretical results and the efficiency of the method.