Problems In Media Research Articles

A Systematic Literature Review on Cyberbullying in Social Media: Taxonomy, Detection Approaches, Datasets, And Future Research Directions

In the area of Natural Language Processing, sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining, aims to extract human thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions from unstructured texts. In the light of social media's rapid growth and the influx of individual comments, reviews and feedback, it has evolved as an attractive, challenging research area. It is one of the most common problems in social media to find toxic textual content. Anonymity and concealment of identity are common on the Internet for people coming from a wide range of diversity of cultures and beliefs. Having freedom of speech, anonymity, and inadequate social media regulations make cyber toxic environment and cyberbullying significant issues, which require a system of automatic detection and prevention. As far as this is concerned, diverse research is taking place based on different approaches and languages, but a comprehensive analysis to examine them from all angles is lacking. This systematic literature review is therefore conducted with the aim of surveying the research and studies done to date on classification of cyberbullying based in textual modality by the research community. It states the definition, , taxonomy, properties, outcome of cyberbullying, roles in cyberbullying along with other forms of bullying and different offensive behavior in social media. This article also shows the latest popular benchmark datasets on cyberbullying, along with their number of classes (Binary/Multiple), reviewing the state-of-the-art methods to detect cyberbullying and abusive content on social media and discuss the factors that drive offenders to indulge in offensive activity, preventive actions to avoid online toxicity, and various cyber laws in different countries. Finally, we identify and discuss the challenges, solutions, additionally future research directions that serve as a reference to overcome cyberbullying in social media.

Problems of Local Media and Local News Sites-User Interaction: Instagram Account Example

Yerel haber siteleri günümüzde milyonlarca insanın kullandığı sosyal medya ortamlarında yerel konulara ilişkin bireylerin haber almalarını sağlayan medya kuruluşları olarak önemli bir görevi yerine getirmektedirler. Bunun yanında yerel haber siteleri sadece yerel konulara ilişkin değil, bölgesel, ulusal ve uluslararası konularda da haberleri okuyucularına ulaştırmaktadırlar. Bu anlamda yerel haber sitelerinin demokrasinin gelişmesi ve toplumun bilgilendirilmesi bağlamında demokrasiye önemli bir katkı sağladığı yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Diğer taraftan yerel medyanın ve buna bağlı olarak yerel haber sitelerinin hayatlarını devam ettirmeleri ve habercilik görevlerini yerine getirmelerinde birçok soruna ve avantaja sahip olduğu da bilinmektedir. Günümüz sosyal medya ortamları hem ulusal hem de yerel haber sitelerinin okuyuculara ulaşmasına imkân sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak yerel medyanın ve haber sitelerinin sorunları ele alınmaktadır. İkinci olarak bir yerel haber sitesinin Instagram sosyal medya hesabındaki paylaşımlara-haberlere okuyucuların/takipçilerin yorumlarda yönelttikleri soru, sorun, istek ve şikâyetlere verdiği cevaplar ve sosyal medya hesabının bulduğu çözümler içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı yerel medya-haber sitesi sorunları bağlamında; haber sitesi sosyal medya hesabının okuyucu- takipçi yorumlarında yer alan soru, sorun belirtme, şikâyet ve isteklere yeterli geri bildirim yapıp yapmadığının belirlenmesi ve yeterli geri bildirim olmamasının okuyucu-takipçi ve yerel medya-haber sitesi etkileşimi bağlamında sorun oluşturup oluşturmadığının tartışılmasıdır. Bu anlamda Denizli’de Instagram’da en çok takipçisi olan haber sitelerinin biri örneklem olarak seçilerek haber sitesi sosyal medya hesabı-takipçi etkileşimi incelenmiştir. Çalışma, 1 Ağustos - 1 Eylül 2023 tarihleri arasını kapsamaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları okuyucu/takipçi ve yerel medya haber sitesi etkileşimi açısından, haber sitelerinin sosyal medya hesaplarının takipçilerin/okuyucuların paylaşımların/haberlerin altında soru sorma, sorun belirtme, istek ve şikâyet şeklindeki yaptığı yorumlara daha çok geri bildirim yapmaları gerektiğini göstermektedir. Yeterli geri bildirim yapılmaması etkileşim bağlamında bir sorun oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir.

Child marriage: Representation of the marriage of underage girls problem in the Turkish print media

AbstractChild marriage, specifically the marriage of underage girls, is a crucial social problem that cuts across religions and cultures and can be considered as violence against children and women. Currently, the media is one of the strongest public spheres to combat this problem apart from national and international laws and agreements. This study aims to analyse how the child marriage problem is represented in the Turkish print media within the framework of feminist theory. The analysis is based on 246 news reports related to child marriages. The study found that even though the issue has been identified as a problem in the Turkish print media, it has not come to the forefront. Rather, the newspapers have normalized the issue of underage marriage, especially through the use of language.

Two-grid mixed finite element method for nonlinear multi-physical quantities problem of the single-phase flow coupled with geostress in porous media

A numerical method for the strongly nonlinear model of the single-phase flow coupled with the geostress in the geologic reservoir with multi-physical features such as shale gas pressure, velocity, geostress, porosity, and structural displacement is studied in this paper. A two-grid Crank-Nicolson mixed finite element (CNMFE) method is developed for the nonlinear model and the unconditional stability and convergence as well as errors for the CNMFE solutions are analyzed. The correctness of theoretical results is validated by numerical experiments. We hope our work will facilitate the theoretical study of porous media problems.

A new hybrid approach to study heat and mass transfer in porous medium influenced by imprecisely defined parameters

The present work discusses a hybrid approach of Successive Overrelaxation (SOR) with Finite Element Method (FEM) in presence of non-probabilistic uncertainties. In order to address the heat and mass transfer problem in porous media with fuzzy environment, the proposed SOR FFEM has been applied. Here, the imprecise parameters have taken in terms of TFNs and the convergence analysis of the proposed technique is performed. The parameters viz. Rayleigh number (Ra), Radiation parameter (Rd) and Lewis's number (Le) are considered as uncertain and discussed in case study. Different combinations of uncertain parameters are considered for investigation and the sensitivity analysis of the same is observed. It is noted that the stream function (ψ‾) is sensitive when Ra is fuzzy. Similarly, the stream function (ψ‾) and temperature (T‾) both are exhibiting sensitivity when Rd is fuzzy. Additionally, the stream function (ψ‾) is sensitive when Le is fuzzy. As comparing all the cases, it is observed that, stream function (ψ‾) is more sensitive in all three circumstances that is a small change in value can be affect more.

Convergence analysis of a class of iterative methods for propagation of reaction fronts in porous media

We present an iterative scheme for the numerical analysis of propagating reaction front problems in porous media satisfying an Arrhenius-type law. The governing equations consist of the Darcy equations for the pressure and flow field coupled to two convection–diffusion–reaction equations for the temperature and depth of conversion. Well-posedness, existence and uniqueness of the weak solution are first studied using a fixed-point approach and then, analysis of the proposed iterative scheme is investigated. Numerical results are also presented in order to validate the theoretical estimates and to illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme. The obtained results are in line with our expectations for a good numerical resolution with high accuracy and stability behaviors.

Generalized finite difference method-based numerical modeling of oil–water two-phase flow in anisotropic porous media

This paper applies generalized finite difference method (GFDM) to a compressible two-phase flow in anisotropic porous media with the aim of further extending the wider application of this class of meshless methods. We develop an implicit Euler scheme in time and a GFDM discretization in space based on two treatments of the anisotropic permeability tensor in continuous function expression and discrete distribution. The effectiveness and generality of GFDM for two-phase flow problems in anisotropic porous media are verified by three examples with rectangular, irregular, and complex boundaries. Also, the computational performance of the method is verified according to the error calculation with L2 absolute error functions in different node collocation schemes. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the radius of the influence domain to the transient pressure equation (parabolic equation) and the saturation equation (hyperbolic equation) is considered. It generally holds that the larger the radius of the influence domain, the lower the calculation accuracy in the case of Cartesian collocation. This may be a preliminary rule for the radius choice of the influence domain for GFDM. In sum, this work provides an efficient and accurate meshless solver to handle two-phase flow problems in anisotropic porous media under the GFDM framework, which reveals the great application potential of GFDM in reservoir numerical simulation.

Online Coupled Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method for the Poroelasticity Problem in Three-Dimensional Media

Online Coupled Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method for the Poroelasticity Problem in Three-Dimensional Media

Applications of intrinsic coordinates for simulation of thin shocks in relaxing media

The augmented Burgers equation that describes nonlinear propagation in a relaxing fluid can be expressed using intrinsic coordinates [Hammerton and Crighton, JFM 252, 585 (1993)]. A multivalued pressure waveform in physical coordinates can be represented as single-valued with intrinsic coordinates. Shocks can then be inserted into the multivalued pressure waveform using the equal area rule from weak shock theory to obtain a single-valued waveform solution, thus avoiding the high computational cost associated with discretizing thin shocks with conventional algorithms. By first solving the evolution equation in intrinsic coordinates, and then using the solution as the input to a conventional algorithm based on the augmented Burgers equation, a two-stage approach can be developed that achieves both high accuracy and significantly reduced computational cost when compared to solving the Burgers equation with conventional numerical algorithms alone. Approaches based on intrinsic coordinates are applied to realistic problems in relaxing media, which include air and seawater, to allow for comparisons of computational efficiency and accuracy. [WAW is supported by the ARL:UT Chester M. McKinney Graduate Fellowship in Acoustics.]

A Boundary-Element Analysis of Crack Problems in Multilayered Elastic Media: A Review

Crack problems in multilayered elastic media have attracted extensive attention for years due to their wide applications in both a theoretical analysis and practical industry. The boundary element method (BEM) is widely chosen among various numerical methods to solve the crack problems. Compared to other numerical methods, such as the phase field method (PFM) or the finite element method (FEM), the BEM ensures satisfying accuracy, broad applicability, and satisfactory efficiency. Therefore, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art progress in a boundary-element analysis of the crack problems in multilayered elastic media by concentrating on implementations of the two branches of the BEM: the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) and the direct method (DM). The review shows limitation of the DDM in applicability at first and subsequently reveals the inapplicability of the conventional DM for the crack problems. After that, the review outlines a pre-treatment that makes the DM applicable for the crack problems and presents a DM-based method that solves the crack problems more efficiently than the conventional DM but still more slowly than the DDM. Then, the review highlights a method that combines the DDM and the DM so that it shares both the efficiency of the DDM and broad applicability of the DM after the pre-treatment, making it a promising candidate for an analysis of the crack problems. In addition, the paper presents numerical examples to demonstrate an even faster approximation with the combined method for a thin layer, which is one of the challenges for hydraulic-fracturing simulation. Finally, the review concludes with a comprehensive summary and an outlook for future study.

Nonlinear parallel-in-time simulations of multiphase flow in porous media

As the number of processors on supercomputers has increased dramatically, there is a growing interest in developing scalable algorithms with a high degree of parallelism for extreme-scale reservoir simulation. However, traditional simulators and algorithms for such nonlinear problems are usually based on the family of time-marching methods, where parallelization is restricted to the spatial dimension only. In this paper, we propose a family of parallel-in-time (PinT) reservoir algorithms for solving multiphase flow problems in porous media to fully exploit the parallelism of supercomputers, in which the design of efficient nonlinear and linear space-time algorithms plays an essential role. More precisely, we first introduce a space-time mixed finite element method for the fully-implicit discretization. The nonlinear system arising at each parallel-in-time step is solved by a variant of bound-preserving Newton methods with a nonlinear elimination preconditioner, where the corresponding linear system is solved by the space-time restricted additive Schwarz (stRAS) method. Since the straightforward extension of one-level stRAS to multilevel does not work because of the pollution effects from the temporal direction, we accordingly present a nonstandard V-cycle multilevel stRAS method with a pollution-removing strategy to accelerate the convergence and improve the robustness. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that the aforementioned parallel-in-time algorithm can not only achieve a high degree of parallelism in accurately resolving reservoir transport features in a heterogeneous medium, but also successfully circumvent the convergence and scalability issues associated with the constraint of large time steps and the boundedness requirement of the solution.

Masyarakat Madani dan Hegemoni Media: Pembentukan Masyarakat Moderat di Era Digital

Mainstreaming religious moderation is a must in a pluralistic Indonesian society in the midst of the changing times. This article aims to analyze the succession of the development of a moderate society at the time of the Prophet Muhammad as a stepping stone for the internalization of today's moderation values. Given the rapid development of information and communication media, society is faced with the problem of healthy media from radicalization. By using the literature review method, the author seeks to find the values ​​of moderation instilled by the Prophet Muhammad and their relevance to the present. The results of this study show: that first, the model of civil society is a model of moderate society under the auspices of the moral and intellectual leadership of the Prophet Muhammad. Second, the formation of a moderate society is built holistically in public society and media society. Third, the mainstream of religious moderation in the media is an effort to build hegemony with intellectuals as the axis.

Affine transformations accelerate the training of physics-informed neural networks of a one-dimensional consolidation problem

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) leverage data and knowledge about a problem. They provide a nonnumerical pathway to solving partial differential equations by expressing the field solution as an artificial neural network. This approach has been applied successfully to various types of differential equations. A major area of research on PINNs is the application to coupled partial differential equations in particular, and a general breakthrough is still lacking. In coupled equations, the optimization operates in a critical conflict between boundary conditions and the underlying equations, which often requires either many iterations or complex schemes to avoid trivial solutions and to achieve convergence. We provide empirical evidence for the mitigation of bad initial conditioning in PINNs for solving one-dimensional consolidation problems of porous media through the introduction of affine transformations after the classical output layer of artificial neural network architectures, effectively accelerating the training process. These affine physics-informed neural networks (AfPINNs) then produce nontrivial and accurate field solutions even in parameter spaces with diverging orders of magnitude. On average, AfPINNs show the ability to improve the {mathscr {L}}_2 relative error by 64.84% after 25,000 epochs for a one-dimensional consolidation problem based on Biot’s theory, and an average improvement by 58.80% with a transfer approach to the theory of porous media.

Comparison between Van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey Parameterizations in the Solution of Multiphase Problems in Rigid One-Dimensional Porous Media

Multiphase problems in porous media involve the complex flow of multiple fluid phases within porous structures, covering areas of Engineering, Medicine, Geology, among others. Understanding these phenomena is crucial in natural processes, resource management, and Engineering system design. Due to its great importance, several researchers have contributed by developing different formulations to describe the multiphase problem. Through laboratory experiments, research lines emerged to numerically determine relative permeability and capillary pressure, parameters that were previously obtained only through experiments, giving rise to two distinct models to solve the flow problem: the van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey parameterizations. This work aims to analyze, through numerical simulations, the resolution of multiphase problems in rigid porous media using both parameterization models, in order to compare the efficiency of each method in different settings. Apparently, this study is unique in its focus, uncovering valuable insights into performance and applicability of both parameterization, providing a comprehensive view of their advantages and constraints in several settings. The results of this study have indicated an advantage in employing Brooks-Corey parameterization, particularly in reducing the error between the numerical and analytical solutions. The findings of this study can help, for example, to better understand oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs.

Evolution mechanism of freezing in porous media at the pore scale: Numerical and experimental study

The phase change problem in porous media has attracted extensive attention due to its complexity of both the heat transfer process and pore structure. This study investigates the mechanisms governing the freezing of water at the pore scale in a porous model, employing a combination of experimental and numerical approaches. Mathematical-physical model is used to simulate the phase change process in porous structures. Experiments are conducted on water freezing in porous resin and steel, with a pore distance of 500 μm. The evolutions of the phase interface and temperature field during the freezing process are analyzed. Results demonstrate good agreement between the simulations and experiments. Moreover, when the thermal conductivity of the solid skeleton is lower than that of the fluid (porous resin), the phase interface in the pore evolves from concave to convex, with a non-linear change in relative curvature. The temperature gradient of the fluid and skeleton within the pore channels first decreases and then increases. However, when solid skeletons have higher thermal conductivities than the fluid (porous steel), the evolution of the phase interface and its relative curvature, as well as the temperature gradient in the pore are different from the other case.

A stable analytical expression for magnetotelluric/radiomagnetotelluric impedances in anisotropic layered Earth models

Previous closed-form solutions of impedances on layered Earth models were only available for the anisotropic conductivity case under the plane wave electromagnetic incidence. Here, we have developed a numerically stable impedance formula for both magnetotelluric and radiomagnetotelluric problems in layered media with arbitrarily anisotropic conductivity and dielect permittivity. Maxwell equations are first transformed into a set of coupled second-order partial differential equations with the horizontal components of electric field as the variables. Then, the recursive formula of surface impedance is obtained by using the general solutions of the second-order partial differential equations and the tangential continuity condition of electromagnetic fields at each layer interface. To avoid the numerical overflow in both the nominator and denominator of the recursive impedance formula due to large layer thickness or high working frequency, an artificial exponential function with positive exponential factor is used to regularize both the nominator and denominator. It leads numerically stable recursive formula for any layer thickness and working frequency. At the end, a four layered magnetotelluric model with anisotropic conductivities is adopted to validate the newly derived analytical formula and another two synthetic layered Earth models are used to study the effects of conductive anisotropy and dielectric anisotropy on radiomagnetotelluric responses.

A Peridynamic-enhanced finite element method for Thermo–Hydro–Mechanical coupled problems in saturated porous media involving cracks

In this paper, a peridynamic-enhanced finite element formulation is introduced for the numerical simulation of thermo–hydro–mechanical coupled problems in saturated porous media with cracks. The proposed approach combines the Finite Element (FE) method for governing heat conduction–advection and fluid flow in the fractured porous domain, and the Peridynamic (PD) method for describing solid phase deformation and capturing crack propagation. Firstly, the consolidation problem of a porous column is simulated by using the proposed approach. The m- and δ-convergence studies are carried out with the isothermal condition to determine suitable discretization parameters for the PD model. Subsequently, non-isothermal conditions are considered, and the accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach are validated by comparing the numerical solutions with those obtained from a FE-only model. Furthermore, several numerical examples focusing on scenarios involving cracks are solved and presented to further highlight the capabilities of the proposed approach in addressing heat conduction–advection problems in fractured saturated porous media, as well as hydraulic fracture propagation problems with considerations of thermo–hydro–mechanical coupled effects.

Physics-informed neural networks for studying heat transfer in porous media

Numerous efforts have been devoted to studying heat transfer problems in porous media. Physics-based models, numerical methods and experiments are commonly adopted to obtain the temperature and heat flux fields, along with effective thermophysical properties like effective thermal conductivity for heat conduction, which exert significant impact on analyzing the heat transfer efficiency in porous systems. Recently, using data-driven machine learning methods to predict temperature/heat flux fields and effective thermal conductivity of porous media has gained attention, demonstrating the potential to achieve higher accuracy than physics-based models while requiring less computational time than numerical methods. However, machine learning approaches are commonly restricted by the requirement for sufficient labeled training data, which can be difficult and time-consuming to acquire. In this work, we apply physics-informed neural networks to investigate heat conduction in porous media. We show that, without any labeled training data, accurate predictions for temperature/heat flux fields in porous media can be achieved. The obtained effective thermal conductivity values for an ensemble of porous media samples have an average relative error of only 2.49%. Compared with numerical calculations, a computation acceleration of 5 orders of magnitude has been achieved. Compared with data-driven machine learning methods, this method offers enhanced flexibility since no labeled data is required. Furthermore, we also illustrate that physics-informed neural networks can be easily extended to predict nonlinear heat conduction in porous media. Our work demonstrates that physics-informed neural networks are promising tools for studying heat conduction problems and can also be possibly extended to study other complex heat transfer problems in porous media.

Bibliometric Analysis of Deep Learning for Social Media Hate Speech Detection

Social media has become an important web technology for creating and sharing information plus enhancing business reputations worldwide. However, the anonymity accorded by social media platforms has been cryptically vituperated to spread horrendous content such as hate speech. Recently, researchers have been progressively gravitating towards the use of deep learning techniques to address the problem of social media hate speech detection. This study provides bibliometric analysis and mapping of the existing literature on hate speech detection using deep learning algorithms. The study used articles published between 2016 and 2022 from the Scopus database, while Vos Viewer, Biblioshiny, and Panda’s software tools were employed for the bibliometric analysis. The research explored the yearly trajectory of recent publications, dominant countries, collaborative institutions, sources of primary studies that have employed deep learning for hate speech detection, and the intellectual and social structures of the research constituents. It has been observed that the literature on hate speech detection is rapidly growing, but research output and collaborations from the developing countries of the world are still limited. The findings of this study provide insights into the intellectual structure and advancements in deep learning applications for hate speech detection while identifying research gaps for future work.

Rancang Bangun Multimedia Interaktif pada Materi Jenis Usaha dan Kegiatan Ekonomi Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

This research is about the design and development of interactive multimedia to introduce types of businesses and economic activities. This research is motivated by the problem of learning media which at the moment is still fixated on teachers and books. Another problem is the lack of knowledge and ability of teachers in introducing types of businesses and economic activities and the condition of students who have a great interest in using digital technology-based learning media. Thus, this research aims to create an Interactive Multimedia as a facilitator for students in learning the material of business types and economic activities. This research uses the Design and Development (D&D) research model, with Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) research procedures. This research involved experts and users. The results of the assessment from the expert's point of view for the feasibility of interactive multimedia is very feasible to be implemented in learning.