Aim. To identify key problems and prospects for the development of legal support for the transformation of the Russian economy in the transition to a data economy in a multipolar world.Tasks. To substantiate the role and significance of the transition to the data economy from the position of the multipolar world policy development; to identify the key directions of legal support for the formation and development of the data economy, as well as the solution of problems arising in this process.Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of a set of general scientific methods (system analysis, method of dialectical cognition, etc.) and special methods (legal modeling, formal-legal, comparative-legal).Results. The author has revealed the main regularities associated with the impact of the development of data economy on the foreign policy realized by the Russian Federation (RF) on the formation of a multipolar world. The necessity of proper legal support of these processes has been substantiated. The key directions of development of legal support, as well as the existing problems in this area are identified.Conclusions. In modern conditions the policy of multipolar world pursued by Russia can be realized only under the condition of independence, including technological, and ensuring a high level of economic development of the state. The data economy allows already today to talk about the prospects for the development of new technological modes and markets of the future. The necessity of a comprehensive approach to the legal support of the formation and development of the data economy on the basis of systematization of Russian legislation in electronic form has been substantiated, which will greatly facilitate the task of identifying problems related to the quality of normative legal acts and increase the efficiency of law enforcement. In the process of systematization of modern legislation in order to effectively implement it in all spheres of management, it is important to establish general requirements for the functioning of systematization processes and the use of various information technologies. The adoption of the basic law on artificial intelligence, as well as the Digital Code of the Russian Federation is proposed. The problems related to their adoption and their content are highlighted.