Immigration Problem Research Articles

The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation The Japanese Immigration Problem in Canada

The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation The Japanese Immigration Problem in Canada

’n Teologies-etiese beoordeling van onwettige immigrasie

A theological-ethical judgement of illegal immigration The immigration of people is a growing global phenomenon. People immigrate to South Africa mainly for economic purposes. Not all immigrants are,however, legally in the country. It is not certain how many illegal immigrants are in the country. The South African government does not have a clear, effective policy on how to solve the problem of illegal immigration. In this article the influence of illegal immigration on the South African labour sphereis analysed. The aim of the article is to give guidance from the Bible to role players on how their disposition should be concerning the problem of illegal immigrant workers. In the article the extent and causes of illegal immigration are investigated. Thisis followed byprobing into the effects of illegal immigration on the South African labour sphere and the action taken by the authorities to solve the problem. The influence of illegal immigration on labour in South Africa is judged according to biblical principals. In the assess-ment guidance is given as to what the disposition of different role players should be concerning the set problem.

Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care.

Recognizing and appropriately treating mental health problems among new immigrants and refugees in primary care poses a challenge because of differences in language and culture and because of specific stressors associated with migration and resettlement. We aimed to identify risk factors and strategies in the approach to mental health assessment and to prevention and treatment of common mental health problems for immigrants in primary care. We searched and compiled literature on prevalence and risk factors for common mental health problems related to migration, the effect of cultural influences on health and illness, and clinical strategies to improve mental health care for immigrants and refugees. Publications were selected on the basis of relevance, use of recent data and quality in consultation with experts in immigrant and refugee mental health. The migration trajectory can be divided into three components: premigration, migration and postmigration resettlement. Each phase is associated with specific risks and exposures. The prevalence of specific types of mental health problems is influenced by the nature of the migration experience, in terms of adversity experienced before, during and after resettlement. Specific challenges in migrant mental health include communication difficulties because of language and cultural differences; the effect of cultural shaping of symptoms and illness behaviour on diagnosis, coping and treatment; differences in family structure and process affecting adaptation, acculturation and intergenerational conflict; and aspects of acceptance by the receiving society that affect employment, social status and integration. These issues can be addressed through specific inquiry, the use of trained interpreters and culture brokers, meetings with families, and consultation with community organizations. Systematic inquiry into patients' migration trajectory and subsequent follow-up on culturally appropriate indicators of social, vocational and family functioning over time will allow clinicians to recognize problems in adaptation and undertake mental health promotion, disease prevention or treatment interventions in a timely way.

Migration and Power Politics: The Settlement of Georgian Immigrants in Turkey (1878–1908)

This study is an examination of the relationship between migration and politics, focusing on the case of Georgian immigrants settled in the central Black Sea districts of Ottoman Turkey during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Based on the extensive use of Ottoman and British archival material as well as interviews conducted in the region, the study reveals insights into the intriguing power politics behind migration in the Ottoman Empire. Scrutinizing certain characteristics of the settlement process, it also demonstrates the complex imperial network of power that linked the most distant border districts of the Batum-Çürüksu (modern Kobuleti) region of Ottoman Caucasus directly to Istanbul via the Black Sea region of Ordu. The central argument of the study is that the leader of the immigrant group, namely Çürüksulu Ali Pasha, not only successfully managed the settlement process of his fellow Georgians but also masterfully manipulated all the stages of migration and settlement, making use of the conditions in his fierce power struggle against the appointed Ottoman governors as well as the native Muslim nobility of the region. The study thus shows how the personal agenda and the central position of a local Pasha in such a struggle for domination can dangerously destabilize life in an Ottoman province and sow the seeds of animosity between the immigrant community and the natives that eventually accelerated into warfare in the 1890s, creating a serious ‘Immigrant Problem’, the legacy of which lasted up to the early Republican period.

Sex Trafficking as a Human Rights Issue

Multilateral treaties and customary international law condemn slavery. Since its inception, the United Nations has always been committed to the abolition or elimination of slavery.But despite a multitude of U.N. recommendations, decisions, and other pronouncements, slavery is not dead, and the traffic and sale of human beings for sexual exploitation are flourishing. Trafficking should be dealt with not as an immigration problem requiring exclusionary laws and practices, but as a human rights issue. Conceptual clarity with regard to trafficking is the only way we can prevent the enactment of laws and programmes to prevent trafficking that violate other human rights of women.

Sanctuary Cities: The Reason Illegal Aliens are Getting Away with Crimes?

The question remains: what is preventing authorities from following federal legislation? Likewise, where does the system fail, allowing for criminal aliens to escape deportation? It is no coincidence that these crimes occurred in cities and towns that promote sanctuary policies. Sanctuary cities prevent the adequate cohesion between local law enforcement and federal officials. In Section II, this note will discuss what sanctuary cities are and how and why they are created. Next, section III will detail the history of immigration legislation in the United States, pre- and post-9/11. Section IV will then analyze why federal legislation and immigration laws preempt sanctuary city policies and will look at the case law that supports the preemption. Section V discusses the harms of sanctuary cities, focusing specifically upon the vast amount of crimes occurring at the hands of illegal aliens, including gang crime and sex offenses. It will center on why sanctuary cities, through their passive measures, permit illegal immigrants to continue violating criminal laws in addition to being here illegally. The fact that many criminal illegal immigrants are repeat offenders, once subject to the hands of the authorities, compels the public to ask how this happens. This section will also examine the arrest procedure of an illegal immigrant and what should happen at the state and local level. And finally, Section VI and VII examine possible solutions to prevent criminal aliens from slipping through the cracks of the legal system and harming American citizens. This note does not attempt to discuss a possible solution to the illegal immigration problem that the country faces, but focuses more on illegal immigrants who are committing crimes over and over again, in part because they are not being reported to ICE, are not being denied bail, and ICE and state and local authorities are not provided with the appropriate resources and funding to handle such a tremendous amount of illegal immigrant cases.

Creating a Sacred Space: An Iglesia Evangélica Response to Global Homelessness1

Abstract: Writing from the perspective of a bicoastal Puerto Rican evangélica (Latina/o popular Protestantism), the author argues that the contemporary ‘problem of immigration’ is really an expression of global dislocation that has led to migratory patterns of ‘homelessness’. While there may be myriad causes of global dislocation, she suggests that insofar as the Latina/o community is concerned, a principal cause is the exportation, and therefore immigration, of U.S. expansionist policies (i.e., ‘corporate immigration’) into Latin America and the Caribbean. The church needs to re‐vision “im/migrants” (the global homeless), itself, and God to respond adequately to the globally displaced. The article provides a brief synopsis of how past and present ‘corporate immigration’ has caused global dislocation for Puerto Ricans and Mexicans. Biblical understandings of stranger, as expressed through such terms as gēr and nōkrî, provide scriptural and theological bases that allow the author to envision creation, and therefore salvation, as the living out of a ‘sacred space’. The author then concludes with the affirmation that the church, as the incarnated witness of that space, is called to treat all migratory dislocated people as ‘kin’ and thus it is called to provide a ‘sacred space’ wherein the globally homeless can find safe haven—a home—amid their familia (kin).

Mentally disordered offenders who are born abroad: pathway of care through medium secure services

Recent changes in UK immigration policy have led to increasing deportation of foreign national offenders and more than 5000 were deported in 2008. This rise follows a review in 2006 which found that some foreign national offenders were being lost due to disposal or transfer through mental health services. As a result, a department was set up within the United Kingdom Border Agency (UKBA) to identify and review those detained under Restrictions Orders who were due to be conditionally released from hospital, so that they could be considered for deportation. As a result of these changes, forensic clinicians are more frequently presented with detained patients who have immigration problems that can lead to problems in the care pathway through secure services. A local audit was carried out in an inner‐London medium secure service to quantify the number of detained patients who are born abroad, and to review their care pathways to determine whether they are affected by immigration difficulties. It is hoped that the discussion of the issues identified by this audit can support service improvement and provide better care for patients in medium secure services.

Embracing New Lives as Korean Immigrants in Canada: A Grounded Theory

Purpose: Many Koreans go abroad for work, study or permanent migration. As they adapt to their new environment, they can suffer from various health problems. This article aims to gain a greater understanding of the experiences of Korean immigrants in Canada. This study reports the findings of a grounded theory study. Methods: In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted with 18 Korean immigrants in Vancouver. Data was audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Results: Six main categories emerged: motivation, confronting, suffering, efforts to adapt, assimilation, and conflict. A basic social process model of adaptation to life in Canada was developed reflecting the inter-relationships between these categories. Data extracts was presented to illustrate the grounding of the model in participants` accounts. Conclusion: Immigrants need empathetic support and cultural understanding; this study increases the understanding of the Korean immigrant population, which should help in the design of effective coping strategies that consider the particular characteristics and problems of immigrants.

Иммиграционная политика ЕС: от Амстердама до Лиссабона

The article is devoted to immigration problems in the European countries and to their solving options within the European Union. The Mediterranian EU member states keep calling for help insisting that they are unable to cope with the migration stream on their own. The EU countries' solidarity regarding the distribution of material and moral expenditures on the immigrants reception is problematized on meetings at different levels and calls especially sharp debates, particularly in connection with an entry of the Treaty of Lisbon into force and establishment of the new Stockholm Program for the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice by the Council of Europe.

Frank P. Sargent on Problems of Immigration in the Early Twentieth Century

Frank P. Sargent on Problems of Immigration in the Early Twentieth Century

Self-rated health and health problems of undocumented immigrant women in the Netherlands: A descriptive study

In this descriptive study, 100 female undocumented immigrants aged > or =18 years were interviewed about their health condition. The objective was to gain insight into the health situation and specific health problems of undocumented women. Sixty-five per cent of these undocumented women rated their health as 'poor' (moderate or bad) and 91 per cent spontaneously mentioned having current health problems. When provided with a list of 26 common health problems, subjects reported on average 11.1 complaints. Gynaecological and psychological complaints were very prevalent, but seldom mentioned spontaneously. Also obstetric problems were numerous. Undocumented women may not present important symptoms to physicians when they encounter them. We conclude that physicians should actively ask about psychological and gynaecological problems in this patient group. Special training on the health problems of undocumented female immigrants for health providers is recommended.

Using a biopsychosocial approach to address health disparities—One person’s vision

This paper will present one person’s vision of how best to address health disparities. A vision that transported Dr. Lovell A. Jones from the safe confines of a research laboratory in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences at the University of California San Francisco Medical School in 1980, to the area of health policy and community-based participatory research, and ultimately into health disparities research. These efforts began with the Biennial Symposium on Minorities & Cancer in 1987, followed by the Intercultural Cancer Council (ICC) in 1995, and ultimately the establishment of the Center for Research on Minority Health (CRMH) in 1999. The goal of this paper is to share those experiences in addressing health disparities in America. This paper will also touch on the problems of immigrants in the United States, their needs as human beings, the issue of access to education, job market, family, health care–related issues, as well as, other multicultural issues and how these problems should be addressed. We have not only taken a government and health systems approach, but focused on individual and community challenges and how creating approaches that address these challenges can facilitate societal adaptation and forward development. All of these became a part of the fabric that created the Biennial Symposium Series, the Intercultural Cancer Council and the Center for Research on Minority Health. The authorship of this paper is shared with some of those this journey has impacted. There are important lessons learned from my experiences in creating the Biennial Symposium Series, the ICC and the first center mandated by the US Congress outside of Washington, DC. These lessons focus primarily on minority health and health disparities. The identified initiatives are independent, yet must be integrated to effectively address health disparities through political, national, community, and educational/research advocacy. It is our hope that you will understand why Dr. Jones has come to the conclusion that the scientific approaches used in the 20th century will not work in the 21st century.

The Psychological Well‐Being of Unaccompanied Minors: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents Immigrating From Russia and Ukraine to Israel Without Parents

This paper examines the psychological well‐being of high school adolescents immigrating from Russia and Ukraine to Israel without parents. Data were collected in a 3‐year longitudinal study that covered the premigration through postmigration periods. Immigrant adolescents were compared with nonemigrating adolescents in Russia and Ukraine. Psychological well‐being of immigrants was highest in the premigration period. During the process of immigration, general self‐esteem, body image, social competence, school competence, and loneliness followed a U‐curve: they declined in the 1st year after immigration and improved in the 3rd year after immigration. Emotional and behavioral problems of immigrants increased in the 1st year after immigration and did not change in subsequent years. At the end of the 3‐year period, self‐esteem exceeded the premigration level, emotional and behavioral problems and loneliness remained below the premigration level, while body image, social competence, and school competence returned to the premigration level. Throughout the entire immigration period, the psychological well‐being of immigrants was higher than that of nonemigrating adolescents. Premigration psychological well‐being as well as perceived social conditions in the host country (discrimination and social support) predicted postmigration psychological well‐being. The results obtained are discussed in light of the stress‐coping model of immigration and ecological systems theory.

Social welfare, French Muslims and decolonization in France: the case of the Fonds d'action sociale

ABSTRACT Lyons's essay traces the origins of the Fonds d'action sociale (FAS), an agency that has been at the centre of French efforts to ‘integrate’ immigrants, mostly from the former colonial empire, for nearly forty years. Established in 1958 just after the founding of the Fifth Republic, the FAS was an umbrella agency that funded social welfare programmes that exclusively served Algerians in the final years of French rule, and later expanded its services to all immigrants and their descendants. From the outset, the FAS brought together personnel and techniques developed on both sides of the Mediterranean, and relied heavily on private charitable institutions that provided specialized services intended to help Algerians ‘adapt’ to their new environment. Central to this project was the hope that welfare services would simultaneously provide evidence that France was committed to ‘integrating’ Algerians, improving their material conditions and effectively monitoring them in order to root out those associating with the Algerian independence movement. Historicizing the role played by the FAS in French ‘integration’ politics is essential to understanding the process of decolonization and the legacy of colonialism in metropolitan France. This study of the FAS demonstrates, in concrete terms, how the republic and the empire were intimately intertwined. It rejects the notion that the imperial and republican projects were separate ventures, with the former representing a deviation from the otherwise universalist principles of the latter, and argues that this state institution was both republican and imperial, when it was created to solve the ‘Algerian crisis’ and when it was reframed to manage the ‘immigration problem’ after Algerian independence in 1962.

Bordering the Civic Imaginary: Alienization, Fence Logic, and the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps

Current figurations of the “immigration problem” in the United States challenge our understanding of the rhetoricity of contemporary bordering practices. The public discourse of the Minuteman Civil Defense Corps serves to chart the alienization of undocumented migrants and the enactment of alien abjection on the U.S.–Mexico border. Alienization promises an antidote to majoritarian anxieties regarding national disunity in the form of a shoring-up of cultural boundaries that border-crossing subjects render troublesome. Ultimately, the fence logic engendered by groups such as the Minutemen reveals how struggles over the boundaries of citizenship both enable and limit an affect-charged civic imaginary.

Using a Biopsychosocial Approach to Address Health Disparities—One Person's Vision

This paper will present one person’s vision of how best to address health disparities. A vision that transported Dr. Lovell A. Jones from the safe confines of a research laboratory in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences at the University of California San Francisco Medical School in 1980, to the area of health policy and community-based participatory research, and ultimately into health disparities research. These efforts began with the Biennial Symposium on Minorities & Cancer in 1987, followed by the Intercultural Cancer Council (ICC) in 1995, and ultimately the establishment of the Center for Research on Minority Health (CRMH) in 1999. The goal of this paper is to share those experiences in addressing health disparities in America. This paper will also touch on the problems of immigrants in the United States, their needs as human beings, the issue of access to education, job market, family, health care–related issues, as well as, other multicultural issues and how these problems should be addressed. We have not only taken a government and health systems approach, but focused on individual and community challenges and how creating approaches that address these challenges can facilitate societal adaptation and forward development. All of these became a part of the fabric that created the Biennial Symposium Series, the Intercultural Cancer Council and the Center for Research on Minority Health. The authorship of this paper is shared with some of those this journey has impacted. There are important lessons learned from my experiences in creating the Biennial Symposium Series, the ICC and the first center mandated by the US Congress outside of Washington, DC. These lessons focus primarily on minority health and health disparities. The identified initiatives are independent, yet must be integrated to effectively address health disparities through political, national, community, and educational/research advocacy. It is our hope that you will understand why Dr. Jones has come to the conclusion that the scientific approaches used in the 20th century will not work in the 21st century.

Hardened Borders: A Case Study on Inefficient Solutions to the Immigration Problem in El Paso

With the rising controversy over illegal immigration, Mexican migration to the US twirls into the spotlight. In 2005 the majority (56 percent) of the 11.1 million unauthorized aliens were of Mexican origin (Passel i)—a signal to the US government that the source of the problem is illegal Mexican migration. The solution pursued in the last two decades by the US government was the fortification of the US-Mexico border. The following article argues that hardened borders between the US and Mexico are not a viable solution to unauthorized Mexican migration. The fallacies of the framework for immigration since 1986 are examined by means of a conducted case study on the borderplex of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez. The case study illustrates the social, economic, and kinship cross-border ties which contribute to the porosity of the border. Furthermore, it investigates stepped-up border enforcement programs, such as Operation Hold-the-Line, and new modes of entry resulting from the US Customs and Border Protection’s latest strategies to deter illegal migration.

What Triggers Public Opposition to Immigration? Anxiety, Group Cues, and Immigration Threat

We examine whether and how elite discourse shapes mass opinion and action on immigration policy. One popular but untested suspicion is that reactions to news about the costs of immigration depend uponwho the immigrants are.We confirm this suspicion in a nationally representative experiment: news about the costs of immigration boosts white opposition far more when Latino immigrants, rather than European immigrants, are featured. We find these group cues influence opinion and political action by triggering emotions—in particular, anxiety—not simply by changing beliefs about the severity of the immigration problem. A second experiment replicates these findings but also confirms their sensitivity to the stereotypic consistency of group cues and their context. While these results echo recent insights about the power of anxiety, they also suggest the public is susceptible to error and manipulation when group cues trigger anxiety independently of the actual threat posed by the group.

L'évolution de la fécondité dans le monde depuis 1965 et ses conséquences

Au cours des quarante dernières années, la grande majorité des pays en développement ont connu une chute, parfois brutale, de la fécondité, passant de plus de six enfants à moins de trois enfants par femme. Cependant 33 pays, représentant près de 10 pour cent de la population du monde, continuent à avoir plus de six enfants. Les pays développés ont vu leur fécondité tomber à des niveaux souvent très inférieurs au niveau de remplacement, et doivent affronter des problèmes de vieillissement et d’immigration.