Conflict Problems Research Articles

Analysis on the Problems of Internet Conflicts and Countermeasures

Polarization and conflict online have grown as one of the most pervasive issues that characterize the contours of the digital environment, with serious risks to social cohesion, democratic discourse, and well-being. This paper thus seeks to trace those very root causes of online conflicts and the dynamics of the escalation process into group-based polarization. The paper considers a proposed model of how personal disagreements between two individuals scale up to large groups of conflicts with the help of cognitive biases, anonymity, and algorithmic reinforcement on digital platforms. Possible policy interventions at each stage of the escalation of conflict are discussed: from digital monitoring and public education about cognitive biases to online mediation programs and changes in algorithms to facilitate cross-cutting interactions. These findings suggest that only multilevel interventions that combine technological, social, and psychological approaches to mitigate conflict while preserving freedom of expression are effective strategies. The paper thus concludes that long-term solutions include changes in culture in building empathetic individuals and critical thinkers, not just immediate moderation. This gives a basis to governments and policymakers on how to understand the complexity and nuances involved in online conflict, thus forming the basis on which more balanced and inclusive digital environments could be developed that foster healthy dialogue and reduce polarization.

Establishment of a Special Agrarian Court

The establishment of a Special Agrarian Court is often the most common problem faced by communities related to land. These problems can be grouped into three categories, namely: uncertainty over land rights, monopoly over land ownership, and the sacrifice of economically weak groups for land tenure interests. One of the reasons why decisions related to land cannot be implemented is because there are several decisions that have permanent legal force but conflict with each other regarding the land object that is being disputed. The purpose of this research is to achieve justice in dealing with agrarian conflict problems, a special institution is needed. who can run the justice mechanism properly. A study has proposed the establishment of an Agrarian Court as a judicial body that focuses on resolving agrarian disputes, with the authority to conduct examinations, trials, and make decisions related to these conflicts. The method used in this research is normative law. The technique applied in this study is juridical. normative that utilizes a legal and conceptual approach.

The definition of conflict of interest: international legal aspect

The article focuses on the study of international legal instruments in the field of corruption prevention, specifically addressing the definition of «conflict of interest». The relevance of the topic stems from the increasing incorporation of the conflict of interest concept into various areas of public management and administration through national legislation. Many works of scientists are devoted to the study of the problem of conflict of interests: the authors analyzing the definitions of key terms as outlined in national legislation; the essence of the definition is revealed through the typology and the classification of different types of conflicts of interest. However, at the national level, a comprehensive understanding of the application of the conflict of interest concept has not yet been fully developed. There is also a lack of a conceptual framework that satisfies the requirements of legal certainty. The question of the definition of «conflict of interest» in a way that is suitable for judicial and administrative application remains a matter of debate. An important step toward resolving this issue is the examination of international legal approaches to defining the essence of the concept. The article analyzes international conventions, declarations, and other legal instruments related to the fight against corruption to interpret and clarify the meaning of «conflict of interest». It clarifies international legal approaches to defining the term for the purposes of legal regulation. The article notes that the definition of conflict of interest can encompass a broad range of issues, particularly those related to combating corruption, which may fall within both administrative and criminal law. It is concluded that the term «conflict of interest», as a specific legal term, is not explicitly defined in international legal acts. The definition of «conflict of interest», as a complete and independent legal term, suitable for judicial and administrative use, is shaped by the context of state interests, the constitutional and legal framework, and public service requirements.

On the conflict of norms on criminal liability of special subjects for encroachment on life and health of a newborn or unborn child

From the standpoint of Russian criminal law, the life and health of an unborn child are not independent objects of criminal and legal protection. This article shows that the government can use more opportunities to guarantee the life and health of not only a pregnant woman, but also an unborn child, as well as a newborn child. The article pays special attention to the problem of conflict of norms on the responsibility of special subjects of illegal artificial termination of pregnancy. With the actual complicity of subjects of different types in the illegal termination of pregnancy: 1) a pregnant woman; 2) a person who is not a medical professional; and (or) 3) a medical worker – the qualification of the deed must be carried out in accordance with the principle of individual responsibility, by choosing one of the related elements of crimes with the corresponding sign of a special subject. However, at present, the legal question of the basis of a woman’s responsibility for illegal termination of pregnancy has not been resolved, and it is not clear by what criteria the legislation differentiates the administrative and criminal liability of medical workers and other persons for the same acts (Article 6.32 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and Article 123 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). In recent years, scientific studies have appeared justifying the expediency of criminalizing a number of socially dangerous acts committed by pregnant women and women in labor (maternity hospitals). The position of the authors of this article is only partially consistent with the proposals made. The authors of the article do not question the right of a woman to make an independent decision on the birth of a child, but recognize as justified the criminal law prohibition on artificial termination of pregnancy when there are no circumstances of a medical or social nature that exclude or significantly reduce the public danger of this act. The article argues that the range of new types of acts committed by maternity hospitals proposed in the doctrine for the purpose of criminalization is unreasonably expanded, in particular, there are no grounds for criminalizing the murder of a terminally ill newborn child by a mother on the grounds of compassion;intentional infliction by a mother of minor harm to the health of a newborn child, as well as causing death by negligence to a newborn child by a mother who is in a state of intoxication.

Multi-Objective Optimization for Controlling Conflicts in Roadway Surrounding Rock Induced by Floor Stress-Relief Groove

This paper studies the effectiveness of the stress-relief groove on the floor of deep coal roadway and determines the influence of the stress-relief groove parameters on the surrounding rock through qualitative analysis. Based on the displacement conflict problem, evaluation indicators were established, and the optimal solution set was obtained. The innovations of this research include: 1. For geotechnical numerical simulations, novel stress monitoring and plastic zone monitoring techniques have been introduced to accurately reflect the condition of the surrounding rock; 2. The effects of floor relief grooves in deep roadway on surrounding rock have been analyzed, and the advantages and utilities of central and corner relief grooves have been determined; 3. The usability of small datasets has been enhanced by applying SEGA to optimize machine learning models with data augmentation techniques; 4. Multi-objective optimization algorithms have been applied to geotechnical engineering, providing valuable references for decision making. The results demonstrate that multi-objective optimization can significantly enhance the effectiveness of surrounding rock control, resolve conflicts, and achieve more reasonable construction plans. This research provides new theoretical foundations and practical guidance for deep mine roadway-surrounding rock control.

Dronecage: A Model for Conflict Resolution in Aerial Corridor Intersections

With the growth of uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) traffic, increasing congestion is expected in low-altitude airspace and should be addressed by modern UAV traffic management (UTM) systems. This surge in the density of UAVs poses a significant challenge in regulating UAV traffic effectively to prevent potential collisions. This work addresses the problem of UAV conflicts in the shared airspace, namely, intersection volume specific to the multilane UAV corridors. The intersection volume is modeled as a “dronecage” structure containing horizontal and vertical geofenced corridors. This structure connects the corridor lanes through the geofenced corridor geofences inside the dronecage to effectively direct UAV motion while maintaining safety and enabling conflict-free operation. An approach vector-based guidance logic is proposed that allows UAVs to move along a direction vector pointed toward the exit lane of the UAV and also avoid conflicts with other UAVs at the intercross with the help of an action set. We define conflict cases and present an analysis of the terminal conditions and time delay analysis. The simulation results show the applicability of the algorithm to various cases with a large number of UAVs, successfully resolving the conflicts by generating a solution within a very short time.

Conflictogenicity of secondary employment of students (based on the materials of an interdisciplinary study of students in Barnaul)

The study of the conflictogenicity of secondary employment is relevant in the modern labor market, where many people, including students, choose additional work. The article analyzes the reasons why students choose additional work, including financial independence and the desire for self-development. Both positive and negative consequences of secondary employment of students are considered. The study was conducted using a sociological survey among students in Barnaul, as well as expert interviews with teachers. The article emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to solving problems associated with the conflictogenic nature of secondary employment, including support measures from the state and educational institutions. The results of the study indicate the importance of a balance between education and labor activity of working students. As part of the study of the selected topic, a methodology was developed and a sociological study was conducted among working students of educational institutions in Barnaul. The study was conducted using a questionnaire method, in which 322 respondents took part. The sample was formed by a non-random method of typical representatives. The sample size was determined by the capabilities of the researcher. At the second stage, expert surveys were conducted (n = 15). This study allows us to understand in detail the phenomenon of secondary employment of students and its conflictogenicity. The results of the study indicate the importance of a balance between education and work, emphasizing the need to regulate the level of student employment. The author's special contribution to the study of the topic is the emphasis on the special importance of a comprehensive solution to the problem of conflict in secondary employment with the participation of the state and universities, as well as with the active position of the students themselves.

ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS: POLITICAL MECHANISMS FOR THEIR RESOLUTION

The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the phenomena of ethnopolitics - ethnopolitical conflict, its object, subject, forms, distinctive features, political mechanisms for resolution. In recent years, many studies of the problems of ethnopolitical conflicts have been conducted. The list of new ideas in the study of ethnopolitical problems of the countries of the world is very small: these are the concepts of a plural society, group boundaries, center-periphery or internal colonialism. With a certain stretch, they can include studies that follow the concepts of modernization, political development, but a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to the study of ethnopolitical conflicts has not yet been finally established either in domestic or foreign science. Ethnopolitical conflict is a type of socio-political conflict, one of the forms of manifestation of contradiction in the field of ethnopolitical relations. A new round of escalation of ethnopolitical conflicts is caused by growing globalization and further aggravation of geopolitical contradictions between world centers of power, fighting for the redivision of the world. The state of chaos and confusion that arose in the world community in connection with the events in Ukraine and the Middle East gives this process a special urgency. The state of deep socioeconomic crisis that has engulfed many countries is a powerful catalyst for the aggravation of ethnopolitical tension. Ethnopolitical conflicts always have a specific historical content. There are no technologies for their settlement that can be used in any situation and in different regions of the world, not all ethnopolitical conflicts can be resolved politically by generally accepted methods, some forms of behavior of ethnic groups of the population can enter into irreconcilable conflict with the interests of the whole society, for example, ethnopolitical incitement, preaching of ethnic hatred caused by the activities of politically corrupt ethnic elites associated with the «shadow» economy, openly and directly inciting interethnic discord.

CRISIS AND CONFLICT SITUATIONS THAT ARISE DURING STUDENTS' STUDIES. METHODS OF STRUGGLE AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

Nowadays, each person can face different views, beliefs and interests of the people around him. Such clashes, caused by personal characteristics of people, their interaction with others, subjective and objective factors, can lead to conflict situations. Interpersonal conflicts are an integral part of student life, which can lead to negative consequences. Interpersonal conflicts are conflicts between people in the process of their psychological and social interaction. For many, the word "conflict" is usually negative. Most people believe that conflict is something that must be avoided. But if you take a more thoughtful approach to this phenomenon, you can come to the conclusion that conflict is not only inevitable, but also necessary, since the search for a favorable and positive outcome requires intellectual efforts that are associated with the analysis of the reasons for its occurrence, its causes, as well as ways to resolve and overcome the contradictions that have developed between people. Interest in this issue is due to the fact that interpersonal conflicts in higher education institutions can be the cause of deterioration in students' well-being, the formation of a feeling of dissatisfaction with educational activities and can also negatively affect academic performance and the effectiveness of training in a future profession. The problems of interpersonal conflicts in higher education institutions require special attention from both researchers and teachers, which determined the relevance of studying this problem in the study.

Sequential lexicon enhanced bidirectional encoder representations from transformers: Chinese named entity recognition using sequential lexicon enhanced BERT.

Lexicon Enhanced Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (LEBERT) has achieved great success in Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER). LEBERT performs lexical enhancement with a Lexicon Adapter layer, which facilitates deep lexicon knowledge fusion at the lower layers of BERT. However, this method is likely to introduce noise words and does not consider the possible conflicts between words when fusing lexicon information. To address this issue, we advocate for a novel lexical enhancement method, Sequential Lexicon Enhanced BERT (SLEBERT) for the Chinese NER, which builds sequential lexicon to reduce noise words and resolve the problem of lexical conflict. Compared with LEBERT, it leverages the position encoding of sequential lexicon and adaptive attention mechanism of sequential lexicon to enhance the lexicon feature. Experiments on the four available datasets identified that SLEBERT outperforms other lexical enhancement models in performance and efficiency.

Research on Semantic Driven Urban Pipeline Dataspace Construction Method

Abstract. Urban pipeline data is heterogeneous in multiple sources and rich in data volume, and there are problems such as data conflict and difficult organization and management due to the heterogeneity of multiple sources when accessing the data in large-scale concurrently. To address this problem, this paper proposes a semantics-driven urban pipeline dataspace construction method, which aims to realize the efficient organization of pipeline data. Firstly, this method combines the classification and characteristics of urban pipelines, and expresses the semantic information of pipeline geographic entities from four dimensions: semantic description, spatial location, attribute characteristics and time evolution. Then, the four expression sets are embedded into the dataspace RDF model as predicates, and the associated description mechanism of pipeline geographic entities is established by means of genus classes and so on, so as to construct the pipeline dataspace RDF model. Finally, the model is stored and graphically visualized using neo4j to achieve fast retrieval of data within the pipeline dataspace. The research results show that this method provides a unified expression of pipeline entities, solves the problem of pipeline multi-source heterogeneous data conflict and organization difficulties, and improves the efficiency of multi-source heterogeneous pipeline data organization while ensuring the integrity of pipeline information to the maximum extent.

Research on the Coupled Representation of Model and Data Integration Guided by Metadata Sets

Abstract. Aiming at the problems of islands, redundancy and sharing difficulties of spatial and temporal business models and data in geospatial and spatial business systems, this paper proposes an integrated and coupled expression method of models and data guided by metadata sets, based on the research on core metadata of information resources and component-based encapsulation. First of all, this method classifies the model and data features, and constructs the metadata description and expression framework dominated by feature meta-components; then, establishes metadata sets through the expansion of the metadata description and expression framework; then, constructs the correlation between the model and the data through the use of the established metadata sets by means of the component-based encapsulation method, so as to complete the integrated coupling of the model and the data; and finally, realises the integrated coupling expression of the model and the data in the digital pipeline business system. The results show that this method integrates the expression of digital pipeline element models and data, solves the problems of silos, redundancy and conflicts of heterogeneous models and data from multiple sources, ensures the integrity of the attributes of the models and data elements, and promotes the structured expression and application of the models and data.

Prediction of potential conflicts between active targets in airport flight zones based on LSTM

Aiming at the problem of constant conflicts in airport flight zones, a method based on LSTM to predict potential conflicts of active targets in airport flight zones is proposed. Firstly, based on the complex network theory, two types of active targets, aircraft and vehicles, are taken as the research objects, and the flight zone active target network is established. The network dynamic evolution model is set up, and the operation data is input to calculate multiple network characteristic indicators. The principal component analysis of the indicator time series is performed to fit the potential conflict index; then, the Keras framework is used to build a long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) model, and the indicator time series is input into LSTM for training and prediction, and compared with other prediction methods; finally, the actual operation data of Xi'an Xianyang Airport is used for experiments, and the predicted values are compared with the true values. The mean square errors of the prediction results of each indicator are respectively 1.61%、13.13%、0.72%、0.004%、0.014%; The research shows that by establishing the flight zone active target network model, the network characteristic indicators can be used to characterize potential conflicts from different angles; LSTM can effectively predict the potential conflicts of the flight zone active target network, remind relevant personnel to pay attention to preventing conflicts and reducing the probability of conflicts.

War in foreign lands, hunger at home

The war between Russia and Ukraine pitted two major agricultural countries and threatened the African continent with food insecurity and hunger. The war came at a time when the world was emerging from another global challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic and its attendant effects of distorted food prices and disruptions of the food supply chain. Informed by the analysis of the literature available on the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar databases and grey literature from United Nations (UN) agencies, this study explores the challenges that emanated from the global problem of conflict and its implications on food security and the fight against hunger in Africa. The study found that the Russo-Ukrainian war exposed the lack of progress in Africa towards the fight to eliminate hunger. The consequences of the war have been aggravated by this lack of progress towards achieving zero hunger in many African countries. The war disrupted the global supply chain and threatened Africa with hunger as the continent experienced food shortages, food inflation and general commodity price volatility.

A Tunnel Fire Detection Method Based on an Improved Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory

Tunnel fires are generally detected using various sensors, including measuring temperature, CO concentration, and smoke concentration. To address the ambiguity and inconsistency in multi-sensor data, this paper proposes a tunnel fire detection method based on an improved Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory for multi-sensor data fusion. To solve the problem of evidence conflict in the DS theory, a two-level multi-sensor data fusion framework is adopted. The first level of fusion involves feature fusion of the same type of sensor data, removing ambiguous data to obtain characteristic data, and calculating the basic probability assignment (BPA) function through the feature interval. The second-level fusion derives basic probability numbers from the BPA, calculates the degree of evidence conflict, normalizes the BPA to obtain the relative conflict degree, and optimizes the BPA using the trust coefficient. The classical DS evidence theory is then used to integrate and obtain the probability of tunnel fire occurrence. Different heat release rates, tunnel wind speeds, and fire locations are set, forming six fire scenarios. Sensor monitoring data under each simulation condition are extracted and fused using the improved DS evidence theory. The results show that there is a 67.5%, 83.5%, 76.8%, 83%, 79.6%, and 84.1% probability of detecting fire when it occurs, respectively, and identifies fire occurrence in approximately 2.4 s, an improvement from 64.7% to 70% over traditional methods. This demonstrates the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method, highlighting its significant importance in ensuring personnel safety.

A hybrid formation path planning based on the velocity-virtual spring method in dynamic environments

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose a path-planning strategy based on the velocity-virtual spring method to realize collision-free tasks in dynamic environments and further improve the effect. Design/methodology/approach By considering factors such as the relative velocity and direction of dynamic obstacles, the repulsive force of the robot is improved, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the strategy and achieving flexible and effective avoidance against dynamic obstacles. The attraction formula has been designed to allow the robot to have better smooth changes and higher gradients near the target, helping robots better reach the target and follow formations. Moreover, to meet the demands of the various stages during the driving process, the null space behavioral control is used to solve multi-task conflict problems and strengthen formation coordination and control. Findings Comparison of the planning path and formation effects through simulation and physical experiments, the results of this study show that the algorithm proposed can successfully maintain formation stability and plan smooth and safe paths in static or dynamic environments. Originality/value This paper proposes a path-planning strategy based on the velocity-virtual spring method to plan collision-free paths for formation in dynamic environments.

PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI REMAJA SMPN 1 GENDING GUNA MENGURANGI NILAI PERNIKAHAN DINI

Teenagers are individuals between the ages of 12 and 18, and they are an important part of our society. Teenagers today face many challenges, including conflict problems and early marriage. Conflict can disrupt the learning process and make it difficult for students to concentrate and reach their full potential. Early marriage, on the other hand, can have broader negative consequences, including poorer health outcomes, lower employment opportunities, and lack of education. Early marriages that occur in Randupitu village are very high because many teenagers who marry are not yet old enough. This research uses the community service method with qualitative descriptive presentation. In order to clearly explain the implementation that has been carried out in the field. The research subject is the OSIS of SMPN 1 Gending which is located in Rondokuning, Randupitu, Gedning subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency. The implementation method is by holding outreach to provide motivation to students regarding the importance of education and early marriage by eliminating feelings of boredom in students. Providing motivation about the importance of education by eliminating feelings of boredom is an important achievement that can make it possible to minimize early marriage in Randupitu village. This activity emphasizes the importance of education for teenagers so they can plan a good future for their families and children. The OSIS of SMPN 1 Gending has recognized the role of teenagers in education by having principles and themselves in reducing feelings of excitement. The students know that these teenagers have a very important role in realizing the nation's ideals.

Digital Watermarking Using Hybrid Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (HGOAGA)

The advancement of computer technology has raised significant issues with digital content piracy and copyright law. A popular method of protecting copyright and related uses is digital watermarking. Various algorithms have been developed to address the need for invisible performance and robustness in digital watermarking schemes. Here, we proposed a novel evolutionary algorithm, the hybrid Grass Hopper Optimization algorithm, and the Genetic algorithm (HGOAGA) for optimizing multiple scaling factors in the digital watermarking scheme in the frequency domain of hybrid Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method (hybrid DWT-SVD). The subcomponents of the image are determined by calculating the DWT of the cover image. The problem is determining the best scaling factor for watermarking after converting the subcomponent to the frequency domain using SVD. In HGOAGA, an optimal solution of multiple scaling factors is found after several iterations, starting with a set of randomly generated solutions. The advantages of GOA and GA are combined in the HGOAGA to balance exploration and exploitation functionalities. Furthermore, HGOAGA can converge quickly and escape local optima well. Some standard images were used in the MATLAB environment to test the proposed algorithm. The evaluation of the experiment was carried out using various metrics such as the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), the Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC), and the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). The experimental results of the tests showed a PSNR value of 51db for the proposed method compared to existing methods, and they are best suited to solving conflict problems between robustness and quality.

Historical Account of Managing Overabundant Wild Asian Elephants in Myanmar by the Kheddah System of Capture: Philosophy, Principles and Practices.

When standard methods of human-elephant conflict mitigation are not successful, free-ranging wild elephants may continue to come into close contact with people. This results in more frequent and severe conflict, with consequences ranging from crop raiding to loss of human and elephant lives. Understandably, in such situations, local communities may want to be rid of entire herds of elephants. Historically, one of the strategies the Myanmar Government practiced to resolve human-elephant conflict was the capture of whole herds using the Kheddah system. This involved trapping the herd in a stockade, immediately followed by on-site post-capture taming. After taming, the captured elephants were utilized as logging elephants. Elephants worked in timber extraction, retired at age 55 years and were then cared for by the Government until they died. The capture of wild elephants by the Kheddah system was formally banned in Myanmar in 1985 but occasional, small-scale, captures were allowed until 2013 under the strict control of the Myanmar Government. These operations were aimed primarily at capturing elephants involved in human-elephant conflict, rather than to supplement the working elephant population. One of the last Kheddah operations, organized and managed by the author, was conducted in 1996 at the Taikkyi township of the Yangon Region, as a last resort to end human-elephant conflict in an emergency. While chemical immobilization was being used at this time, it was not logistically possible with the high numbers of elephants engaged in the conflict. This review aims to record the history of an activity that was an important element of Myanmar's timber industry more than three decades ago. In this paper, the author presents a description of Kheddah not to endorse it, but to document (1) the Myanmar elephant population management strategy in the past, before it is forgotten, and (2) the practicality of the Kheddha operation when the singly selected commonly- used immobilization or noosing method of elephant capture is unfeasible. The author attempts to shed light on the modern veterinary procedures that may significantly reduce the notorious historical outcome of Kheddha, especially the resulting mortality of captured elephants, should the Kheddha system of capture ever be used as an emergency solution for ongoing problems of human-elephant conflict in the range states of Asia.

Cross-cultural Engineering Team Management in The Context of Globalization

This paper discusses the challenges and strategies of cross-cultural engineering team management in the context of globalization, demonstrates the problems of communication barriers, cultural conflicts and trust building through case studies, and proposes solutions such as cross-cultural training, diversity management and technical support to enhance the efficiency of cross-cultural team collaboration and project success.