Conflict Problems Research Articles

On the History of Cooperation Between Russian and Swedish Social Scientists. Stockholm Center for the Study of Working Life and Russian Academic Institutes (Observations and Memories)

The article examines the problems of cooperation between Russian and Swedish social scientists on the example of contacts between the Swedish Center for Working Life Studies and the Institute of the International Labor Movement (later ISP RAN). The basis of cooperation between the two organizations was the study of the problems of labor relations, the trade union and labor movement, and economic democracy. The existing scientific contacts made it possible to organize joint conferences and round tables for the exchange of views with the involvement of other Russian academic institutions and relevant Swedish organizations. As an example, the author considers a round table devoted to the problems of conflict and consensus in public relations between the two countries, as well as a conference on the problems of work ethics. The author comes to the conclusion about the benefits of such scientific contacts and expresses regret that they have recently lost their former dynamics.

Haptic Assistive Control With Learning-Based Driver Intent Recognition for Semi-Autonomous Vehicles

Semi-autonomous vehicles equipped with assistive control systems may experience degraded lateral behaviors when aggressive driver steering commands compete with high levels of autonomy. This challenge can be mitigated with effective operator intent recognition, which can configure automated systems in context-specific situations where the driver intends to perform a steering maneuver. In this article, an ensemble learning-based driver intent recognition strategy has been developed. A nonlinear model predictive control algorithm has been designed and implemented to generate haptic feedback for lateral vehicle guidance, assisting the drivers in accomplishing their intended action. To validate the framework, operator-in-the-loop testing with 30 human subjects was conducted on a steer-by-wire platform with a virtual reality driving environment. The roadway scenarios included lane change, obstacle avoidance, intersection turns, and highway exit. The automated system with learning-based driver intent recognition was compared to both the automated system with a finite state machine-based driver intent estimator and the automated system without any driver intent prediction for all driving events. Test results demonstrate that semi-autonomous vehicle performance can be enhanced by up to 74.1% with a learning-based intent predictor. Further, the learning-based model has a 30.9% higher driver intent recognition accuracy than the finite state machine-based method. The holistic framework that integrates human intelligence, machine learning algorithms, and vehicle control can help solve the driver-system conflict problem leading to safer operation.

A multi-agent system based coordinated multi-objective optimal load scheduling strategy using marginal emission factors for building cluster demand response

Building cluster load management to harness energy flexibility and reduce both electricity cost and carbon emissions is an important but inadequately addressed issue in the context of carbon neutrality. This study develops a multi-agent system (MAS) based coordinated optimal load scheduling strategy for building cluster load management in response to dynamic electricity price and marginal emission factor (MEF) simultaneously. The strategy effectively solves the multi-objective optimization problem of conflicts, i.e., minimizing the electricity cost, carbon emissions and peak load while maintaining a good level of users’ satisfaction with electricity use quantified by a utility function. Case study on a campus building cluster is carried out to test the strategy developed. Three demand response (DR) schemes are designed for the building cluster, i.e., price-based DR, MEF-based DR, and the price and MEF hybrid-based DR which implements the optimal scheduling strategy developed. In addition, two real scenarios with opposite correlations between dynamic electricity price and MEF, i.e., positively correlated (scenario 1) and negatively correlated (scenario 2), are extracted from German electricity market. The electricity costs, carbon emissions, peak loads, and utility of the three DR schemes in the two scenarios are critically compared. The results show that the price-based DR may result in the rise of carbon emissions, and the MEF-based DR may lead to higher electricity cost, depending on the correlation between dynamic electricity price and MEF. The optimal strategy developed can achieve a compromise between the conflicting objectives in both scenarios. Under the extremely disadvantageous situation like scenario 2, where the trends of the price and MEF are completely opposite, the price-based DR results in an increase of carbon emission of 2.78%, and the MEF-based DR leads to an increase of electricity cost of 2.63%. The hybrid-based DR can reduce the peak power by 5.54% without increasing electricity cost and carbon emissions in scenario 2. This research provides an effective optimal load scheduling strategy as well as the application guideline for building cluster DR management towards decarbonization and economic benefit.

정치적 의사결정과 갈등해결방식

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism of the operation of representative democracy, and to find out what decision-making methods Korean society takes in determining important issues, focusing on the operation of the National Assembly. In addition, the factors that affect the political decision-making method were investigated, and in particular, the reason why the current decision-making method did not work properly was examined through the seriousness of the conflict problem in Korean society. Likewise, the study looked at what changes are needed to make decisions in a more democratic way. To this end, citizens' perception of conflicts in Korean society was investigated, changes in the structure of conflicts in Korean society were examined, and the direction of change in decision-making methods was discussed.

PERMASALAHAN SENGKETA TANAH MASYARAKAT TERKAIT KEPEMILIKAN HAK TANAH DALAM PEMBANGUNAN JALAN DI KELURAHAN WEWELEN KECAMATAN TONDANO BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA

In the Wewelen Sub-District, there are 2 families, namely the Laluan-Sakul Family and the Aguw Family, who have problems regarding land disputes which are quite protracted and often recur, so they need a settlement as soon as possible. The research approach used is qualitative research. Qualitative research is a type of research that is understood as research that utilizes descriptive data. While the data used is descriptive data in the form of data in the form of sentences both verbal and non-verbal. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, documentation. The results of this study concluded that the problem of community land conflicts in Wewelen Village, Tondano Barat District, Minahasa Regency occurred because of conflicts in road construction, land stake boundaries and land conflict resolution carried out through local government mediation

Islamic Counseling Guidance As A Teenage Social Conflict Resolution In Madrasah

This study aims to describe Islamic counseling guidance as conflict resolution carried out to help alleviate conflict problems and packaged as a psychological therapy procedure, becoming a strategic way that can be applied to resolve conflicts among adolescents, increase anti-violent and hostile behavior, and increase the use of resolution strategies. peaceful conflict. Conflict is a form of interaction between humans who have interests between the two, can be in the form of conflict, bickering, threats, or others with the aim of destroying the opponent. The method used in this study is qualitative. The results showed that, the occurrence of social conflicts among adolescent students in madrasas, conflicts experienced by adolescent students in madrasas began with the emergence of several students whose numbers were less than one percent of the number of students in madrasas involved in social groups or gangs. who act in the name of the “school gang” with all their activities, such as ngre-se or klitih, hanging out, fights, convoys, which occur because of the interests of social groups of adolescent students to show their existence. As a preventive and problem solving step, Islamic counseling guidance services as a conflict resolution aim to assist adolescent students in resolving conflict problems in peaceful ways.
 Keywords: Islamic counseling guidance, conflict resolution, and conflict
 

Legal Regulation of Marriage Relations with Foreign Citizens (on the Example of Vietnam)

The article discusses, first of all, some features of the Vietnamese legislation concerning marriages with foreign citizens and issues of citizenship. The problem of forced and fictitious marriages is also touched upon.Aim. Identification of specifics of the Vietnamese legislation on marriage and family and some topical problems in the field of mixed marriages.Tasks. Analysis of main provisions of the Law on Marriage and Family of Vietnam, the role of international treaties in this sphere, comparison of the situation with fictitious marriages in Vietnam and the Russian Federation.Methods. Comparative legal analysis of the norms of international private law in the field of marriage and family relations, description of the approaches of Vietnamese legislation to limping marriages and remission, as well as analysis of judicial practice in relation to fictitious marriages of Vietnamese citizens in the Russian Federation.Results. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Russian Federation, representing different regions of the world and legal systems, have similar problems in the field of marriage and family relations involving foreign elements, which in Vietnam are exacerbated by social problems and weak protection of the rights of women and girls.Conclusion. The case of Vietnam demonstrates the conclusion of bilateral agreements and of universal conventions enhance eliminating the problem of conflict of law (limping marriages), while participation in international organizations improves the socio-economic situation of the population and develop mechanisms for protecting human rights in the field of marriage and family relations.

Story Beyond Conflict in Mesuji

Conflict in Lampung, is a conflict that is triggered by various things, including agrarian/land issues and differences in social class. The conflict that occurred in Mesuji Lampung has a historical background originating from the right to manage land specifically for customary land called "Register 45". From the conflict cases that occurred, it can be seen that there was a change in the conflict in Mesuji, especially "Register 45". In detail, the causes of the conflict are forced or secret land acquisition, land occupation, access to land processing, state policies, compensation, environmental damage, spatial planning of customary rights, unclear areas, changes in use rights allocation, marginalized communities and poverty, certification, abuse of transmigration programs, and not involving the community. This study aims to provide brief story beyond ethnical conflict that is happened in Mesuji, Lampung. Method that is used in this research is discourse analysis by describing numerous factors that stimulate the occurrence of conflict in Mesuji. It can be concluded that the ethnic conflict that occurred in Mesuji was triggered by the struggle for the right to use land at "Register 45". Furthermore, the conflict escalated due to the weak presence of the state in the conflict, including the absence of strict rules governing land issues in Mesuji which became the source of conflict problems.

Automatic Detection of Bridge Surface Crack Using Improved YOLOv5s

Bridge crack detection is a key task in the structural health monitoring of Civil Engineering. In the traditional bridge crack detection methods, there exist some problems such as high cost, low speed, and complex structure. This paper developed a bridge surface crack detection system based on improved YOLOv5s. The GhostBottleneck module was employed to replace the classic C3 module of the YOLOv5s backbone network, meanwhile the channel attention module namely ECA-Net was also added to the network, which not only reduced the amount of calculation, but also enhanced the ability of the network in extracting cross-channel information features. The adaptive spatial feature fusion (ASFF) was introduced to address the conflict problem caused by the inconsistency of feature scale in the network feature fusion stage, and the transfer learning was utilized to train the network. The experimental results showed that the improved YOLOv5s performed better than Faster R-CNN, SSD, YOLOv3, and YOLOv5s, with the Precision of 93.6%, Recall of 95.4%, and mAP of 98.4%. Further, the improved YOLOv5s was deployed in PyQt5 to realize the real-time detection of bridge cracks. This research showed that the proposed model not only provides a novel solution for bridge surface crack detection, but also has certain industrial application value.

Collaborative of Mount Tumpa Forest Park (Tahura) Conservation Area HV People in Manado City using IT Management Based

Mature this management collaboration (collaborative management) in a area conservation Forest considered suitable and capable for reduce various conflict problems that arise. Type research used is qualitative Study descriptive qualitative, descriptive that is something formula driving problem study for explore or take pictures situation social will researched in a manner thorough, broad and deep. Data collected with technique interviews and observations. Study conducted for Describe, analyze and interpret management collaboration of the Gunung Forest Park Conservation Area (TAHURA) Tumpa HV People in Manado. Nope exist involvement and benefits regularly directly felt by the community is indicator that the management done during this not yet suitable by meaning, purpose, principle as well as meaning conservation source power nature live As impact from centralized management and only emphasize one principle protection already bring impact against area in the form of damage environment in the area Forest Park Conservation (TAHURA) Gunung Tumpa HV People. Required change paradigm management, namely collaboration collaboration Management of the Forest Park Conservation Area (TAHURA) Gunung Tumpa HV People must conducted in a manner participatory through actual and factual involvement to role community and related stakeholders other as partner work government. With refers to existing regulations and policies, agencies technical must transparent in give freedom for Public for To do Conservation Area Management especially in Utilization Blocks.

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Research on fault diagnosis of hot die forging multi-station feeding manipulator

In order to improve the efficiency of fault diagnosis of hot die forging multi-station feeding manipulator, according to the fault characteristics of the feeding manipulator, an expert system structure based on fault tree analysis and binary decision graph was designed, and a diagnosis method based on expert system was proposed. Firstly, according to the fault causes of multi-station feeding manipulator, the fault tree is established. Secondly, the binary decision graph is used to analyse the fault tree, acquire the diagnosis expert knowledge, and establish the knowledge base of fault diagnosis. Then, the binary decision graph is used to quantitatively analyse the fault tree, the importance of the minimum cut set is solved, and the rule priority is determined, so as to solve the rule conflict problem and improve the efficiency of fault diagnosis. Finally, a case study is conducted. The results prove the validity and feasibility of the fault diagnosis method proposed in this paper.

Exorcising angry deities and spirits of the dead: Spiritual and earthly battles of married women in Uttarakhand (India)

Ethnographic analysis of the two main exorcistic practices in which married women are involved in Garhwal (India) shows that the theme of domestic conflict is central to both rituals. Addressing classical debates in anthropology about possession, this text raises two main questions: are these practices forms of feminine resistance to patriarchal social rules? And what is the notion of the person and her or his action in the world underlying these practices? Although these rituals may sometimes bring benefits to the women participating in them, women do not seem to perceive themselves nor to act as individuals who are resisting social structures, but more as part of collective networks of human and spiritual persons. As for the effects of these rituals, they are geared towards the preservation of family unity. This is achieved by the fact that, while evoking human conflict, these ritual devices subordinate it to the problem of divine conflict. Yet these practices do not only have an integrative function vis-à-vis conflicts that potentially endanger the family unit, but they also firmly establish the position of married women and their irreplaceability in the fabric of social life. Being close to the deities of their natal villages and easily affected by spirits of the dead, married women have an essential role in mediating with them and therefore in building and preserving the network of human and non-human beings on which the well-being of the family depends.

Modeling and HDA-CR Solution of Multi-Period Allocation Scheme of Hazardous Materials under Uncertainty

Developing a multi-period allocation scheme for life-limited hazardous materials is essential to ensure safe and sustainable hazardous material management. In this study, the allocation risk under uncertainty is measured by a type-II fuzzy number, and a bilevel chance constrained programming model is established with the minimum cumulative number of reserve points participating in allocation and the minimum cumulative allocation risk as to the objective functions. Aiming at the multi-dimensional characteristics of multi-period, multi-reserve points, multi-consumption points, and multi-hazardous materials types, and the resource conflict problem in the allocation scheme formulation process, a multi-objective hierarchical differential evolution algorithm with coding repair strategy was designed. By comparing with the classical multi-objective optimization algorithm, the algorithm can search for a more excellent Pareto solution set at the expense of certain time complexity. At the same time, when the decision-maker’s preference is introduced, the method can select a more appropriate multi-period allocation scheme from the perspective of the overall situation and the decision-maker. It provides a reference for determining the rational allocation scheme of resources under the long-term allocation of hazardous materials.

Multi-Aircraft Flight Conflict Resolution and Trajectory Recovery Scheme Based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming and Geometric Rules

A conflict resolution and trajectory recovery scheme based on heading angle change (HAC) is proposed to solve mid-term conflict between multi-aircraft cruising in a shared airspace. Flight conflict resolution has always been regarded as one of the most important responsibilities of air traffic controllers (ATCOs). The proposed conflict resolution scheme can be applied to decision support tools to assist ATCOs in making decisions. The goals of reducing the possibility of human error and increasing the efficiency of airspace operations can be achieved. Firstly, the flight conflict problem is modeled as a class of optimal control problem. Secondly, the optimal solution can be obtained by mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method based on HAC strategy. Thirdly, a trajectory recovery method based on geometric rules is proposed. It can be found through simulated experiment that the extra flight distance and delay adopting the designed scheme is smaller than the compared method.

When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems.

Research on dual-process theories of judgment makes abundant use of reasoning problems that present a conflict between Type 1 intuitive responses and Type 2 rule-based responses. However, in many of these reasoning tasks, there is no way to discriminate between the adequate and inadequate use of rules based on logical or probabilistic principles. To experimentally discriminate between the two, we developed a new set of problems: rule-inadequate versions of standard base-rate problems (where base rates are made irrelevant). Across four experiments, we observed conflict sensitivity (measured in terms of response latencies and response confidence) in responses to standard base-rate problems but also in responses to rule-inadequate versions of these problems. This failure to discriminate between real and merely apparent (or spurious) conflict suggests that participants often misuse statistical information and draw conclusions based on irrelevant base rates. We conclude that inferring the sound use of statistical rules from normatively correct responses to standard conflict problems may be unwarranted when this kind of reasoning bias is not controlled for.

Delay Management as a Mitigation Strategy for Conflicts in Construction Projects in Kenya

The problem of conflicts in construction projects is a fact that happens in many countries, one of which is conflicts associated ensuing from delays. Delay management is exceedingly arduous and remains ineffective as the majority of the construction projects are tardy in time performance. The study aimed to investigate the role of delay management in mitigating project conflicts caused by delay factors by examining the causes and management approaches to these delays during the project implementation process. Empirical evidence from a review of the literature has unveiled that delay conflicts have detrimental impacts. Consequently, understanding the causes of delay has become a critical component of improving the construction industry’s performance. In Kenya, more than 70% of projects being executed are likely to increase by a factor of more than 50% over time. The study embraced a cross-sectional research design. Questionnaires were sent to randomly sampled consultants, contractors, and project developers. The data collected was then analysed using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and Spearman’s rank correlation. The study established the inevitability of conflicts attributed to delays amongst project stakeholders, with delays in progress payments being the leading cause. Other factors in the top five list were; inadequate site management and control, delays in approving major changes in scope, materials price fluctuations, delays in handing over the site, and difficulties in financing the project. It is recommended that clients ensure that works are aptly planned and veritable costing executed during the pre-contract stage and that interim payment certificates are settled promptly within the defined time frame, both to avert invoking interest penalty clauses and also to promote better progress of the works, to ensure smooth completion. Additionally, the contractor should ensure proper planning and scheduling of the works, as well as effective site management and supervision. These results have significant consequences since they give practical, scientific, policy, and social values that contribute to a better understanding of delays and delay management from a global perspective

A Joint Dispatch Operation Method of Hydropower and Photovoltaic: Based on the Two-Stage Hedging Model

The randomness and volatility of large-scale clean energy output represented by wind power and photovoltaic lead to difficulties in grid connection. The problems of abandoned wind, light, and water become increasingly prominent. The adjustment capacity of traditional thermal power is limited and it is difficult to ensure the consumption of high proportion clean energy. On this basis, the marginal benefit hedging rule in economics is introduced into the hydropower and photovoltaic joint operation system in this paper. A two-stage spatio-temporal hedging strategy is designed to solve the spatio-temporal conflict problem in the hydropower and photovoltaic joint system. The multi-objective joint dispatching model of hydropower and photovoltaic system considering system benefits, risks, and stability is established, which can be solved by a MOEA/D-GABS algorithm with selection strategy. The joint system scheduling schemes under different schemes are analyzed by case. The results demonstrate that, compared with the traditional multi-objective decision-making scheme, the flood control risk in each period of the reservoir in the proposed method is controlled to be no more than 1.63 × 10−3 (the flood control standard corresponding to the 50-year flood control risk is 0.006); the flood limit water level of the reservoir is increased from 583.00 m to 583.70 m, which improves the benefit of the reservoir; and the water utilization rate is effectively improved. On the other hand, compared with the traditional scheme, the proposed method reduces the peak valley difference of the combined system by 50.67% and 59.68% in typical sunny and cloudy scenarios, respectively, which greatly reduces the uncertainty of photovoltaic output, and the stability of the combined system is improved. It is shown that the proposed method can be used to guide the economic dispatch of a complementary system with hydropower as the regulating energy.

‘A human values issue’: Actors, arguments, and regulatory change in the Florida land‐based shark fishery

Abstract Recreational shark fisheries have been the subject of recent public attention because of the possible impacts on shark populations and conflicts between stakeholders. A case study is presented based on discussions that took place in summer 2018 about potential changes to policies regulating recreational land‐based shark fishing in Florida. Comments from public meetings and workshops (totalling 15.8 hours) and online comments (1,050) submitted to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) were analysed using the lens of actor–network theory. The case study explores the intersection of conflicting stakeholder interests and types of knowledge, including how stakeholders variously defined the problem of user conflict in a coastal public space, and how they aligned themselves in relation to the problem and to each other. It further illustrates how shifting values and norms can intersect with changing technologies and environmental realities to produce new or increasing conflicts between natural resource user groups. This study underlines the importance and potential benefits of regulatory agencies explicitly and transparently engaging with value trade‐offs when managing conflicts among users of natural resources.

Shape-Former: Bridging CNN and Transformer via ShapeConv for multimodal image matching

As with any data fusion task, the front-end of the pipeline for image fusion, aiming to collect multitudinous physical properties from multimodal images taken by different types of sensors, requires registering the overlapped content of two images via image matching. In other words, the accuracy of image matching will influence directly the subsequent fusion results. In this work, we propose a hybrid correspondence learning architecture, termed as Shape-Former, which is capable of solving matching problems such as multimodal, and multiview cases. Existing attempts have trouble capturing intricate feature interactions for seeking good correspondence, if the image pairs simultaneously suffer from geometric and radiation distortion. To address this, our key is to take advantage of convolutional neural network (CNN) and Transformer for enhancing structure consensus representation ability. Specifically, we introduce a novel ShapeConv so that CNN and Transformer can be generalized to sparse matches learning. Furthermore, we provide a robust soft estimation of outliers mechanism for filtering the response of outliers before capturing shape features. Finally, we also propose coupling multiple consensus representations to further solve the context conflict problems such as local ambiguity. Experiments with variety of datasets reveal that our Shape-Former outperforms state-of-the-art on multimodal image matching, and shows promising generalization ability to different types of image deformations.