Problem Of Compensation Research Articles

Evolutionary Robot Calibration and Nonlinear Compensation Methodology Based on GA-DNN and an Extra Compliance Error Model

This study addresses the problem of nonlinear error predictive compensation to achieve high positioning accuracy for advanced industrial applications. An improved calibration method based on the generalisation performance evaluation is proposed to enhance the stability and accuracy of robot calibration. With the development of technology, a deep neural network (DNN) optimised by a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to predict the nonlinear error of the calibrated robot. To address the change of external payload, an extra compliance error model is established with a linear piecewise method. A global compensation method combining the GA-DNN nonlinear regression prediction model and the compliance error model is then proposed to achieve the robot’s high-precision positioning performance under any external payload. Experimental results obtained on a Staubli RX160L robot with a FARO laser tracker are introduced to demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of our proposed methodology. The enhanced positioning accuracy can reach 0.22 mm with 98% probability (i.e., the maximum positioning error in all test data).

Deep Reinforcement Learning Aided Cell Outage Compensation Framework in 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks

As one of the key technologies of 5G, Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) with cloud BBUs (Base Band Units) pool architecture and distributed RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) can provide the ubiquitous services. When failure occurs at RRH, it can’t be alleviated in time and will lead to a significant drop in network performance. Therefore, the cell outage compensation (COC) problem for RRH in 5G C-RAN is very important. Although deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been applied to many scenarios related to the self-organizing network (SON), there are fewer applications for cell outage compensation. And most intelligent algorithms are hard to obtain globally optimized solutions. In this paper, aiming at the cell outage scenario in C-RAN with the goal of maximizing the energy efficiency, connectivity of RRH while meeting service quality demands of each compensation user, a framework based on DRL is presented to solve it. Firstly, compensation users are allocated to adjacent RRHs by using the K-means clustering algorithm. Secondly, DQN is used to find the antenna downtilt and the power allocated to compensation users. Comparing to different genetic algorithms, simulation result shows that the proposed framework converges quickly and tends to be stable, and reaches 95% of the maximum target value. It verifies the efficiency of the DRL-based framework and its effectiveness in meeting user requirements and handling cell outage compensation.

LEGAL REGULATION OF COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGE WAS CAUSED AS A RESULT OF A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT

Purpose: to characterize the legal regulation of relations for compensation for damage caused to a legal entity as a result of a traffic accident, identify problems and make suggestions for improving these relations. Methods: the study was conducted using methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison. Results: the characteristic is given to the legal regulation of relations for compensation for damage caused to a legal entity as a result of a traffic accident, the proposals are formulated to the Law of Ukraine «On compulsory civil liability insurance of owners of land vehicles» and the jurisdiction of disputes for compensation for damage caused to a legal entity is determined as result of a traffic accident. Vehicles are among the sources of increased danger. No one is protected from the negative consequences of these sources, including traffic accidents, and as a result - material and moral damage. However, according to statistics, in 50% of cases the actual perpetrator of the accident does not admit guilt, and in 95% of cases the victim does not compensate the damage voluntarily. In order to guarantee compensation to the injured party, compulsory civil liability insurance has been introduced. Undoubtedly, such insurance has improved the situation in terms of compensation to the victim at the expense of the insurance company. However, not all victims of road accidents receive such compensation and not always such insurance funds are enough to cover the damage. In addition, the issue of damages is complicated in the case when the participants in the accident are vehicles belonging to legal entities. This article is devoted to the problem of compensation of losses to the victim - the legal entity as a result of road accident.

Stable absorption compensation with lateral constraint

The presence of seismic absorption distorts seismic record and reduces seismogram resolution, which can be partially compensated by application of absorption compensation algorithms. Conventional absorption compensation techniques are based on 1D forward model with each seismic trace being compensated independently. Therefore, the 2D results combined by each compensation trace may be noisy and discontinuity. To eliminate this issue, we extend the 1D forward model to the 2D forward system and further add an additional lateral constraint to the compensation algorithm for enforcing the lateral continuity of the compensated section. Solving the proposed laterally constrained absorption compensation (LCAC) problem, we simultaneously obtain the multiple compensated traces with lateral smoother transition and higher signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). We testify the effectiveness of the proposed method by applying both synthetic and field data. Synthetic data examples demonstrate the superior performance of the LCAC algorithm in terms of improving algorithmic stability and protecting lateral continuity. The field data tests further indicate its ability to not only improve seismic resolution, but also inhibit the amplification of high-frequency noise.

The Structure of the Exciter of a Dielkometric System for Research of Biological Objects Using an Adaptive Interference Canceller

An important task in the development of sources of electromagnetic vibrations used in the design of dielkometrical systems for biological objects is to reduce the level of interference of the electromagnetic vibrations source in the output spectrum. Methods for suppressing side components in the output spectrum conflict with the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic vibrations source, in particular, they do not meet the requirements for the tuning speed in the specified wave ranges. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing the basic structure of the exciter of the dielkometric system for the study of biological objects, allowing obtaining previously unacceptable values of suppression of the comparison frequency and its harmonics. (Materials and methods) Authors applied the compensation method to obtain the required spectral and dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic vibrations source. The article sets the problem of adaptive noise compensation, which was solved using a quasi-optimal method, the method of the minimum of the average square error. (Results and discussion) The article proposes the basic structure of the exciter of the dielkometric system for the study of biological objects. It was shown that the adaptive method results in suppression of side components in the spectrum of the output signal source while maintaining the required speed. The spectral components of the output signal of the electromagnetic source were studied using a functional method. It was found that there is an effective convergence of the transfer functions of adaptive filters of the adaptive compensator of side components to the nonlinear transfer function of the corresponding orders of the dynamic system. (Conclusions) The article presents the developed structure of the exciter of the dielkometrical system using an adaptive compensator of side components, which allows to obtain previously unacceptable values of suppression of the comparison frequency and its harmonics. It was found that the use of this structure of the exciter will improve the dynamic characteristics of the dielkometrical system as a whole. It was found that the use of adaptive filters increases the speed of the exciter by 5-10 times.

Frequency-Interleaved ADCs With Adaptive Blind Cyclic Calibration

A novel digital adaptive blind calibration technique for frequency-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (FI-ADCs) with arbitrary numbers of channels is proposed. It performs the estimation and correction of multiple inherent circuit deficiencies alternately and recursively in the background, including spectral leakage, harmonic folding, jitter, I/Q mirror and aliasing images, and suffices to deliver projected calibration capabilities with deliberately chosen initial guesses. We are of the opinion that this is the first study to address the joint channel identification and error compensation problem encountered in the FI-ADC design. For the efficient implementation, an analytical time-interleaving-like equivalent model is formulated such that the number of unknown mismatch parameters is significantly reduced, and signals devoted to cyclic estimation are maximally decimated. This derived model not only propounds a better perspective for comprehension and interpretation of the FI system mechanism but also enables sufficient scalability and flexibility of the developed calibration framework. Extensive simulation results further show that this novel architecture achieves a good balance between the computational complexity and convergence, and provides an exceptional and relatively flat effective number of bit (ENOB) performance over a wide bandwidth.

A Symbol-Based Passband Doppler Tracking and Compensation Algorithm for Underwater Acoustic DSSS Communications

In this paper, we consider the problem of Doppler tracking and compensation for a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal in underwater acoustic (UWA) communication. Since the dynamic property of the UWA channel and the long duration of DSSS signals result in significant Doppler spread that severely distorts the propagated signal, Doppler tracking and compensation are required. Based on the ultra-wideband property of UWA signal, the Doppler spread not only results in the frequency shift, but also changes the signal duration. Therefore, the accurate estimation of the signal expansion/compression in the time domain can reflect the Doppler spread. Accordingly, we present a Doppler tracking and compensation algorithm for a DSSS signal operating on the correlation output of passband signal at a symbol-by-symbol basis. Note that the carrier frequency of UWA communication is around several kilohertz, and thus the time delay estimation can be performed on the passband to improve the accuracy. Furthermore, the prior information of Doppler limit is used to refine the resolution of delay estimation and achieve sequential estimation. To compensate the correlation magnitude distortion induced by the velocity variation, the local reference signal is selected adaptively based on the filtered Doppler factor. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed passband Doppler tracking algorithm achieves a superior performance compared with the conventional receiver.

Measurement Current Transformer Error Compensation by ANN Methodology

Measurement current transformers (MCTs) are an important component in the measurement of electric power. In this era of deregulation, every power distribution company strives for maximum revenue. It could be possible if the errors present in MCTs are reduced. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company (MSEDCL) is one of the power distribution utility in India interested to resolve its problems regarding MCT error compensation. In this article, the MCT error compensation problem was tackled for various operating conditions. These conditions include metrological properties of core, transformation ratio, burden, remanent flux and nature and quantum of load connected on the primary side of MCT. The MCT secondary side waveform is analyzed for various operating conditions, and from these data, the artificial neural network (ANN) is trained. Implementation of the compensation system and data acquisition is done using dSPACE 1104 software. Experimentation is performed in MSEDCL laboratory, and test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Strain measurement on pipelines for long-term monitoring of structural integrity

Abstract This article deals with the methodology of strain measurement using strain sensors. It focuses more profoundly on the problem of identifying the critical points along the circular cross-section of a structure by appropriate positioning of the sensors along its circumference, as stated specifically in (Chmelko and Garan, 2016). Particular attention is paid to the problem of thermal compensation, which this article aspires to sort out by introducing an innovative method of measuring loading in critical points developed especially for long-term safety monitoring systems. Apart from the problem of thermal compensation, this paper also examines the possibilities of eliminating the fluctuating offset signal which arises during the long-term measurement of loadings. The method that helps acquire a stable signal of strain is described in further details below. All of the above presented methodologies have been applied to the monitoring systems to ensure the safe operation and structural integrity of the actual pipeline system employed in the gas industry.

ERGONOMIC FACTORS THAT PROMOTE THE FORMATION OF REHABILITATION CENTERS FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

ERGONOMIC FACTORS THAT PROMOTE THE FORMATION OF REHABILITATION CENTERS FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

Voltage and Loss Control for Long Range 10kV Power Transmission Based on Virtual-gap Controlled Reactor

The reactive power compensation problem prevalent in modern power systems makes the power distribution performance not fully utilized and the load power consumption of the equipment increases. According to the operation of the Yulin substation line and the load, the theoretical calculation of the reactive power compensation scheme is developed. The installation capacity, installation position, control scheme of the intelligent magnetic control reactive power compensation system are researched. Through the coordinated control at the beginning and the end of the line, the real-time regulation of the reactive power in the substation and the transmission line can achieve the effect of stabilizing the whole area voltage, improving the power supply radius and power quality. The system finally implemented the stability of the substation voltage and reduced the line loss, made the voltage of the power system stable within the utility required range.

ІЗ ДОСВІДУ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЗМІШАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ

The article deals with the issue of blended learning adoption into teaching the second (master’s degree) level in the field of expertize 281 ‘Public Administration’ seekers English for Specific Purposes.The foreign professional language new methodology introduction aims to solve the problem of qualitative compensation of learning content by the retrainees: the Civil Protection and Fire Safety professionals, air- communicators and firefighting radiotelephone operators as the result of a high level of classes missing caused by occupational necessity.

Unified Disturbance-Estimation-Based Control and Equivalence With IMC and PID: Case Study on a DC–DC Boost Converter

In the context of disturbance-estimation (DE)-based control, it is reported that including desired dynamics into the nominal model yields a simple and compact control law that is easier to implement. The resulting control structure unifies the nominal feedback controller and feed-forward disturbance compensator to formulate an overall feed-forward disturbance compensation problem. Based on this, two popular DE-based techniques, namely active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based control, are restructured into a unified form. By reformulating the controllers in the frequency domain, it is shown that the two structures are equivalent provided the UDE filter is selected based on the observer designed for ADRC. For an easier understanding of practitioners who are familiar with the conventional control structures, the designed controllers are reinterpreted in the framework of two-degree-of-freedom (2DoF) internal model control and 2DoF proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to show the equivalence among them. Tuning rules for PID controllers in terms of unified ADRC parameters are also presented to aid practical implementation in industry. Performance of the unified control scheme is evaluated on a non-minimum phase dc-dc boost converter that is operating under line and load disturbances using simulation and experimental study.

Positive and Negative Sequence Voltage Compensation Using Statcom at Wind Farm

The study of shunt connected FACTS devices is a connected field with the problem of positive and negative voltage compensation and better mitigation of instability problems in today’s world. In this project, the shunt operation of FACTS controller is studied, the STATCOM, and how it helps in the better utilization of a network operating under normal conditions. First literature review of many papers related to FACTS and STATCOM is carried out, along with positive and negative voltage compensation. The study of STATCOM and its principles of operation and control, including phase angle control and PWM techniques, are carried out. The study of shunt connected devices is a shunt connected field positive and negative sequence voltage compensation and better mitigation of transmission related world. Statcom is a FACTS device whose capacitive or inductive current can be controlled independent of system ac voltage. Whenever an asymmetrical fault occurs in a system, power loss and voltage instability can occur in that system. So to increase the life time of generator drives and to reduce that voltage instability, Statcom can be used. Statcom can compensate positive sequence voltage for improving voltage stability and for reducing torque ripples negative sequence voltage has to be compensated. Statcom can perform co-ordinated action regarding positive and negative voltage compensation. In this thesis, review of positive and negative voltage compensation and results for positive sequence voltage compensation and negative voltage compensation using MATLAB simulation is shown.

Actuator Failure Compensation Control Scheme of the Nonlinear Triangular Systems by Static Gain Technique

In this paper, the technique of static gain as a new research approach is applied in the nonlinear triangular systems to investigate the issue of actuator fault. By employing the static gain technique, the nonlinear lower-triangular systems are converted into the form which is easy to find its Lyapunov function. The fault parameters of the actuator are subsequently processed by the efficient adaptive estimation tactic, after that, the goal of guaranteeing the global boundness of all closed-loop signals can be achieved by utilizing a state controller with the hyperbolic functions. Moreover, by adopting the same strategy, the actuator failure compensation problem is also solved for the nonlinear upper-triangular systems. Last but not least, the effectiveness of the design scheme is verified by two numerical simulation examples.

Development of a model of automatic regulation of reactive power compensation for the oil and gas industry

Reactive power has a significant impact on the parameters of the power supply system in the oil and gas industry; as a result, there is a decrease in the quality of the electric network. The relevance of the study is justified by the tasks of improving the quality of electricity in the load nodes consisting of asynchronous motors, one of which is the reactive power compensation, including the calculation and automatic regulation of compensating devices. The aim of the article is to design and research a reactive power compensation control system to improve the quality of electricity. The article proposes a solution to the actual problem of reactive power compensation based on the proposed power quality control algorithm. The system of automatic control of reactive power compensation developed in the Matlab and Simulink software package allows us to generate parameters according to current measurements and adjust the voltage when the load operation mode changes. The use of MOSFET transistors in the control system made it possible to create the necessary compensation currents with a low content of higher harmonics that create distortions in the supply voltage and ensure high speed of the reactive power compensation unit operation.

«Decentraliziation of History» as a Counter-Discourse of «Decommunization» in Modern Information Space of Ukraine

<p><em>The article examines the main content and modern communication models of discourse / counter-discourse of «decommunization» in the information space of Ukraine. The theoretical basis for the scientific comprehension of the informational content of «decommunization» in today’s mass media discourse is not only the recent practice of its explication in the media, but also the problem of responsibility and compensation of «memory». Political manipulations in the Ukrainian symbolic space do not encourage the process of consolidation in its purification, but contribute to the parallel coexistence of different types of historical consciousness of the population (ethno-national and social).</em></p><p><em>In the modern communication space of Ukraine, in connection with the change of the political elite and the main priority directions of the state information policy, the media monitors the effect of the so-called «normalization» of the discourse of «historical memory», which is caused by the transition from national-cultural to social-humanitarian. the vector of constructing reality within the state program. In practical media activity, this process is characterized by the formation of an independent discourse stream of regional elites and «decentralization of history», using strategies of toponymical appealing decommunized titles and functioning of hidden discourses of renaming. The «decentralization of history» in regional communication models is, in fact, a modern form of counter-discourse of «decommunization» and is most prevalent in the information space of the Southern and Eastern regions of Ukraine. The content of the marked materials is mainly devoted to criticism of renaming, attempts to return the old name or double name change, toponymic appeal, lack of historical / cultural / social and other correlation of the name to the region, inconsistency of the history / heroics of the region and approval of the new ones.</em><strong></strong></p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>communication, decommunisation, discourse, identity, information space, historical memory, media.</em>

Stock Buybacks as an Executive Compensation Problem

This Article is the first academic study to systematically analyze the overall sensitivity of executive compensation to stock buybacks. Specifically, my analysis of executive compensation arrangements of CEOs included in the S&P 500 Index reveals that buybacks can enhance a record high portion of incentive compensation, corresponding, on average, to one-third of total CEO pay. I further show that, despite the focus of financial economists on the ability of buybacks to mechanically improve per share performance measures that determine executives’ annual bonuses, repurchases can, in addition and to a much greater extent, boost performance measures that decide executives’ long-term incentive awards. I argue, first, that because a buyback can increase pay even when it would destroy firm value, executives are motivated to conduct buybacks excessively. Second, I explain that this potential motivates executives to game their incentive compensation arrangements and turn them from pay for performance into pay for manipulation. Third, I find that the impacts of buybacks on executive pay are camouflaged in firms’ public filings. These distorted incentives and the lack of transparency are likely to lead firms to underinvest in productive capabilities, disguise poor financial performance, and contribute to the creation of a market bubble that increases the likelihood of another financial crisis. Borrowing from dividend protection, which safeguards executive stock and option awards from the automatic decline in the stock price that dividends trigger, I suggest applying buyback protection, which would shield executive pay from the mechanical performance improvement that stock buybacks stimulate. Because I do not expect a mandatory rule requiring firms to adopt buyback protection to be effective I propose a novel regulatory reform to make the impact of stock buybacks on executive pay transparent. Transparency can be expected to push boards, shareholders, and proxy advisors to pressure firms to adopt buyback protection.

Development of an algorithm for searching optimal solutions for compensation of reactive power

The problem of reactive power compensation, which includes many tasks, was substantiated in the work. Taking into account a number of specific problems of reactive power compensation and analysis of various electrical systems, an effective method of the calculation of the steady-state operation of the electrical network, on the basis of which the program “KRM_2021V7” was developed, is proposed. The method of nodal voltage, which was accompanied by the compilation of the system of equations and schematic matrices, among which the matrix of nodal conductivities and nodal loads were distinguished, is considered. An algorithm for finding optimal solutions for reactive power compensation is formulated and developed. Also, the work explains the use of genetic algorithms of mutation and population to find optimal solutions. The result of the calculation of losses in power lines for the considered electrical network is given.

A study of the practices and processes and benefit sharing of limestone mining in the Banour-Shiva Mining Region in Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract Mining is essentially an important income generating activity in the developing countries of the world. This is beneficial for their social and economic development and thus developing countries place a great dependence on their exploitation of mineral resources. The focal points for discussion in this article are the process of limestone mining, growth trends in limestone production, allocation of royalties, benefit sharing between limestone miners and local communities. The article undertakes an income-expenditure analysis of limestone contractors and transporters and considers local environmental issues including land degradation, rehabilitation, and compensation problems connected with the mining process. This study has been carried out in the Banor-Shiva limestone mining region which is located in the Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh State in India. The study calculated compound annual growth rates and benefit sharing between the miners and local people, and made a calculation of transport costs based on the mining rules in force and the actual practice prevailing in the region. The overall compound annual growth rates for limestone production are 16.2%, 1.6 % and 3.9% and for royalties are 14.1%, 8.5%, and 7.8 5 respectively for the State, District, and Banor-Shiva mining region over the study period. However, these growth rates have continuously decelerated and even found to be negative between the periods following the National Mineral Policies Act of 1993 and 2008. There is a sizeable divergence between the benefits from limestone mining shared between the indigenous communities and limestone miners highlighting the poor land acquisition practices in the study area. The financial benefits awarded by the miners in 2016-17 to the local communities are 1.22% whereas miners have appropriated the lion’s share with 81.37% of total limestone value. The revenue to the Government is 4.30% of market value of limestone. The transportation of limestone from quarry sites to the point of final sale is the largest cost factor in limestone miners’ expenditure which is 10% of the total market value of limestone. Adverse impacts of limestone mining operations in the vicinity such as public health problems, change in land use and cropping patterns, water pollution, lack of rehabilitation of the abandoned mines and unjust division of limestone receipts are the main contentious issues in the study area which are affecting the production and process of limestone mining. These have been reflected in the declining growth rates in production and royalties accrued from limestone produce.