Problems In Toddlers Research Articles

Effect of ikametebiwawo bars as an alternative high protein supplement on the nutritional status of stunting toddlers

Ikametebiwawo bars are complementary foods made from local food typical of West Nusa Tenggara which contains essential amino acids as an alternative food for stunting toddlers. This study aimed to analyze the effect of giving ikametebiwawo bars as an alternative high-protein supplement to the nutritional status of stunted toddler. It is a healthy soft bar with the local food as primary raw materials such as mackerel fish, red beans, soybean tempeh, sweet potatoes, pumpkin (yellow pumpkin), and carrots. This study used a pre post quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The subjects of this study were 20 toddlers who were divided into 2 groups consisting of 10 stunted toddlers in the intervention group and 10 toddlers with normal nutritional status in the control group. The food bar for this intervention was 40 g/day with an intervention duration of 90 days. Paired t-test was used to test the mean difference before and after the intervention. There was a significant effect of giving Ikametebiwawo Bars to stunting toddlers with an increase in serum albumin (p = 0.007), body weight (p = 0.025), and height (p = 0.048), while there was no effect on lymphocyte levels (p = 0.075) and hemoglobin levels (p = 0.068). Ikametebiwawo bars administration had a significant effect on increasing serum albumin, height and weight. The author recommends ikametebiwawo bars as an additional food high in amino acids to overcome stunting problems in toddlers.

An approach to feeding problems in infants and toddlers.

An approach to feeding problems in infants and toddlers.

Longitudinal predictors for internalizing and externalizing symptomatology at age 4: KUNO-Kids cohort study.

Numerous early-life risk factors are thought to significantly contribute to the development of psychological problems in toddlerhood. However, these factors have seldom been investigated concomitantly and longitudinally, and few studies include both mothers and fathers. This study examines the longitudinal impact of early environmental, parental, and child-specific risk factors on children's internalizing and externalizing symptomatology at age 4. Families were recruited from a perinatal center at birth and completed self-report questionnaires at birth, 4 weeks postpartum, 6 months postpartum, and annually thereafter. The final population-based sample consisted of n = 560 mothers (and fathers) who gave birth after June 2015, with children who turned 4 years old before March 31, 2021. The primary outcomes, children's internalizing and externalizing symptomatology at age 4, were measured using the Strengthsand Difficulties Questionnaire. Linear mixed effect models were used to estimate growth curves for predictors between 4 weeks and 4 years postpartum, which were subsequently entered into multivariable linear regressions to predict internalizing and externalizing symptomatology at age 4. The study identified several key risk factors: environmental (lack of social support, lower parental education, male sex), parental (poor parental mental health, increased parenting stress, parental sleep difficulties) and child-specific (children's low physical health, children's reduced sleep quality, temperament). The findings underscore that most identified risk factors are related to children's temperament, mental and physical health of parents, their experienced stress, and families' social support networks. These insights highlight the importance of targeted interventions focusing on improving parental mental health, reducing stress, and enhancing social support to mitigate early-life psychological problems in children.

Nutrition Education for Babies and Toddlers

Purpose: Providing education to the community so that partner communities have the ability and success in implementing efforts and actions to prevent malnutrition in Balerejo Village, Kawedanan District, Magetan Regency. Method: The method of this activity is providing education and motivation with the theme "Education about Balanced Nutrition for Babies/Toddlers in Balerejo Village, Kawedanan District, Magetan Regency". This community service uses lecture and leaflet methods. Practical Applications: With this balanced nutrition education, it is hoped that mothers of babies and toddlers in Balerejo village will know about fulfilling balanced nutrition for babies and toddlers and the concept of balanced nutrition in "fill my plate" to prevent malnutrition in babies and toddlers. It is also hoped that mothers of babies and toddlers can be motivated to continue monitoring and providing balanced nutrition for their babies and toddlers. Conclusion: The results of the program that has been implemented are that the majority of people in Balerejo Village understand and understand the problem of malnutrition in babies and toddlers, starting from counseling and education on balanced nutrition for mothers of babies and toddlers. And the impact that will occur on the community in the future after the program is implemented can increase the interest of the elderly community in Balerejo Village to carry out early detection and prevention of malnutrition problems in babies and toddlers. Apart from that, the program that has been implemented has become a good habit in the community, so that it can improve health status.

Effects of Moringa oleifera on increasing breast milk in breastfeeding mothers with stunting toddlers in rural Batang-Batang District, Indonesia.

Stunting in toddlers (0-2 years) remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia. Adequate breastfeeding is essential for stunting prevention, yet many mothers struggle with insufficient milk production. Moringa oleifera, known locally as moringa, has traditionally been used to increase breast milk production. Moringa plants have the potential to overcome various kinds of malnutrition or malnutrition problems in toddlers, pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers. This study aims is to examines the effect of consuming Moringa leaf-based vegetable soup on milk production in breastfeeding mothers with stunted toddlers at Leggung Health Centre. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 40 breastfeeding mothers of stunted toddlers (0-2 years) - 20 in the treatment group (given Moringa soup) and 20 in the control group (no treatment). Pretest results showed that only 57% of mother in the treatment group had adequate milk production, which increased to 76% after consuming Moringa leaf vegetable soup. The Mann-Witney U test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.000). These findings suggest that Moringa leaf soup can enhance breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers and may indirectly support stunting prevention efforts.

Intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms: Maternal socialization of infant positive affect as a mediator.

Parenting behaviors play an important role in the transmission of depressive symptoms from mothers to children. Although reduced positive affect is a central feature of depression, models of intergenerational transmission have neglected maternal socialization of positive affect as a mediating mechanism. This study investigated whether maternal responses to infant positive affect mediate the link between mothers' and toddlers' depressive symptoms. A community sample of 128 mothers (58% White) and their infants (Mage = 6.65 months, SD = 0.53 at first visit) participated in 3 assessments over a 1-year period. Assessments included self-reports of postpartum depressive symptoms, observational measures of maternal responses to infant positive affect and maternal sensitivity, and mother report of toddlers' depressive problems. Mediation analyses revealed that mothers with elevated postpartum depressive symptoms displayed fewer supportive responses to their infants' positive affect. In turn, infants who received fewer supportive responses had more depressive problems in toddlerhood. The indirect effect of postpartum depressive symptoms on toddlers' depressive problems via maternal supportive responses remained significant after controlling for maternal sensitivity. Findings suggest that maternal responses to infant positive affect play a unique role in the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Assistance of Posyandu Cadres in Alleviating Stunting through the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program of the Modest KBC

Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem in toddlers. Indonesia has committed to reducing the stunting rate by 2024 to 14% according to WHO standards, namely below 20%. Various parties, including cadres and CSR, work to accelerate stunting reduction. The purpose of this service is to see how the process of assisting posyandu cadres in alleviating stunting through the CSR KBC BERMODEST program. The community service method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) which is used to observe program implementation directly in the field. The result of this service is the implementation of a posyandu service workshop, nutritional stimulants, the creation of nutritional gardens, and the use of yards, which had an impact on increasing cadres' knowledge, reducing stunting rates, and fulfilling family nutrition.

The Influence of Community and Societal Factors on the Occurrence of Wasting in Children Aged 3-5 Years

Background: Nutritional problems in toddlers remain a serious issue in several regions in Indonesia, including the working area of Songgon Health Center in Banyuwangi Regency. Aims: This study aims to analyze the influence of community and societal factors on wasting in children aged 3-5 years. Methods: The study uses a case-control approach with the entire population of toddlers in the working area of Songgon Primary Health Center as the target population. A cluster random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 166 individuals (83 wasting cases and 83 controls). Data were collected using a questionnaire that had passed validity and reliability testing. The collected data were analyzed through bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Results: The research results on wasting showed the following p-values: t for family income 0.520 > α (0.05); occupation 0.263 > α (0.05 access to healthcare 0.121 > α (0.05); f immunization status 0.064 > α (0.05); education 0.436 > α (0.05); maternal knowledge 0.148 > α (0.05); family support 0.931 > α (0.05), and food security 0.430 > α (0.05), thus it can be interpreted these do not have a significant influence on wasting incidence. However, environmental sanitation significantly influences wasting incidence, as the p-value is 0.002 < α (0.05). Conclusion: The most influential factor in wasting incidence is environmental sanitation. Meanwhile, factors that have no influence are family income, mother’s occupation, healthcare access, immunization, education, knowledge, family support, and food safety.

Pengukuran Antropometri dan Penentuan Status Gizi Balita di Posyandu Balita Bina Sejahtera Kadipiro Banjarsari Surakarta

The nutritional status of toddlers is an indicator of health status in Indonesia. Good nutritional status can help children's growth and development process to achieve optimal maturity. Nutritional status can help to detect the risk of health problems early. The role of posyandu is very necessary in efforts to prevent nutritional disorders in toddlers, so it is necessary to measure and determine the nutritional status of babies and toddlers. This community service aims to carry out anthropometric measurements of babies and toddlers and provide counseling to mothers of babies and toddlers about their children's nutritional status. This service activity is anthropometric measurements, namely weighing, measuring height or body length and Lila. Activities to determine nutritional status using WHO Antro. The results of measuring the nutritional status of BMI/U toddlers show that the majority of toddlers are in the normal category, 51 toddlers (80.96%), the nutritional status of BB/U toddlers shows that the majority are in the good (normal) category, 54 toddlers (85.71%). ), the nutritional status of PB/U or TB/U toddlers shows that the majority of toddlers are in the good (normal) category, amounting to 53 toddlers (84.13%), the nutritional status of BB/PB or BB/TB toddlers shows that the majority of toddlers are in the category good (normal) for 52 toddlers (82.55%). It is necessary to explain the results of anthropometric measurements to mothers of toddlers so that mothers of toddlers understand the nutritional status of their children and need to carry out nutritional education to prevent nutritional problems in babies and toddlers.

The importance of mother-child interaction on smart device usage and behavior outcomes among toddlers: a longitudinal study

BackgroundIn recent years, smart devices have become an integral part of daily life. However, longitudinal studies, particularly those regarding the relationship between toddlers’ smart device usage and behavioral outcomes, are limited. Understanding the impact of parent–child interactions on this relationship is crucial for enhancing toddlers’ developmental outcomes. Accordingly, this study examined the influence of early screen time and media content exposure on toddlers’ behaviors, as well as the positive effects of mother–child interactions on this influence.MethodsWe used relevant data related to 277 children born between November 2016 and July 2020 and who were part of an ongoing prospective follow-up study conducted across five hospitals in Taipei City, Taiwan. We analyzed (1) data from maternal reports regarding children’s behavior by using the Child Behavior Checklist (for ages 11/2–5 years), (2) assessments of mother–child interactions by using the Brigance Parent–Child Interactions Scale, and (3) self-reported parental data covering the first 3 postpartum years. Statistical analyses involved group-based trajectory modeling and multiple linear regression.ResultsA considerable increase in screen time between the ages of 1 and 3 years was associated with less favorable behavioral outcomes at age 3. These outcomes included somatic complaints [adjusted beta coefficient (aβ) = 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39–3.95, p-value = 0.01], withdrawal (aβ = 2.42, 95% CI = 0.15–4.69, p-value = 0.04), and aggressive behavior (aβ = 6.53, 95% CI = 0.25–12.81, p-value = 0.04). This association was particularly evident among children with lower levels of mother–child interaction. Nevertheless, positive mother–child interactions mitigated most of the adverse effects. Additionally, increased exposure to games and cartoons was associated with poorer behavioral outcomes in all children except for those experiencing positive mother–child interactions.ConclusionEarly mother–child interactions play a crucial role in mitigating the risk of behavioral problems in toddlers who spend prolonged periods looking at screens and who are frequently exposed to game and cartoon content.

Budaya Makan pada Balita Stunting di Desa Rahia Kecamatan Gu Kabupaten Buton Tengah

Stunted toddlers are often not aware of it, and after two years it will be seen that the toddler is short. Chronic nutritional problems in toddlers are caused by insufficient dietary intake for quite a long time because parents or families do not know or are not aware of providing food according to their children’s nutritional needs. Based on data on the prevalence of nutritional status of children under five with indicators of height based on age (height/a) at the Central Buton Health Office. This study aimed to discover the eating culture of stunted toddlers and what causes stunting to occur in Rahia Village, Gu District, Central Buton Regency. This study uses ethnographic methods with observation participation and in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that the eating culture of stunting toddlers in Rahia Village, Gu District, Central Buton Regency is influenced by a lack of parental knowledge so that stunting is still difficult to overcome. The causes of stunting include the provision of MP-ASI too early, the quality of food is less nutritious, dietary restrictions for pregnant women, babies who do not receive immunizations, irregular meal schedules, low mother’s knowledge and lack of socialization regarding stunting education.

Speech Delay Problems in Toddlers and Children

Speech Delay Problems in Toddlers and Children

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bakunase Kecamatan Kota Raja Pada Tahun 2023

Nutritional status is a condition that develops as a result of a balance between the food intake consumed and the amount of nutrients used for body metabolism. Toddlers are an important age group in children's growth and development both physically and mentally. Nutritional problems in toddlers can have several serious effects. Among other things, such as failure to develop physically, less than optimal growth and intelligence, and can even cause death in toddlers. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of knowledge, maternal education, parenting patterns and infectious diseases on nutritional status in the Bakunase health center working area. This type of research is an analytical survey with a research design using a cross sectional study approach. This research was conducted in the Bakunase Community Health Center work area in February 2024 – March 2024. The sample size in this study was 92 samples. The analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The type of statistical test uses the chi square test with a significance level of ɑ=0.05. The results of this study show that variables that have a relationship are maternal knowledge (p-value=0.001), maternal parenting style (p-value=0.000), infectious diseases (p-value=0.000). and which has no relationship with the nutritional status of toddlers, namely maternal education with a value (p-value 0.1000). It was concluded that maternal knowledge, parenting patterns, infectious diseases had an effect on nutritional status, while maternal education had no effect on nutritional status. For mothers who have toddlers, they should always pay attention to their child's nutritional intake.

Determinants of Toddlers’ History with Stunting Incidence in the Coastal Community

The main nutritional problem in toddlers that is still commonly found in many countries around the world is stunting. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by long-term malnutrition. Infectious diseases and malnutrition can cause stunting. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the history of children and the incidence of stunting in the people of the Coastal Village of Kamarian. This research is an analytic survey research with a cross sectional design. This research was carried out on June 1 -31 2022. The sample in this study was 113 toddlers aged 2-5 years using total sampling. This study uses the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there were 22.9% (27 children) who were stunted. There is a relationship between birth weight (ρ=0.000), exclusive breastfeeding (ρ=0.013), infectious diseases (ρ=0.000), complementary feeding (ρ=0.002) and stunting. Low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, infectious diseases, and early complementary feeding (MP-ASI) can affect the incidence of stunting in children.

Paternal and Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Sensitivity: Links with Trajectories of Socioemotional Problems in Toddlerhood.

Parental depressive symptoms and sensitivity have well-documented consequences for children; however, studies considering both parents are still scarce. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the respective roles of paternal and maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity in predicting the development of child socioemotional problems during toddlerhood. We also investigated the buffering role of each parent's sensitivity in the associations between the other parent's depressive symptoms and toddlers' socioemotional problems. The sample consisted of 140 Canadian families who were visited in their homes when children were around 13 (T1), 19 (T2), and 27 (T3) months of age. At T1, both parents' sensitivity was assessed from observations of parent-child interactions at home and each parent reported on his or her own depressive symptoms. At T1, T2, and T3, maternal and paternal perceptions of their toddler's socioemotional problems were assessed and aggregated. Growth curve analyses revealed that paternal and maternal depressive symptoms as well as paternal sensitivity were unique and persistent predictors of child socioemotional problems and that sensitive fathering acted as a buffer in the context of maternal depressive symptoms. This study highlights the importance of considering both parents when studying risk and protective factors for young children's socioemotional problems.

Analytical Study of Providing Additional Food Made from Local Sources: Accelerated Reduction of Stunting in Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2023

Background: Providing additional food made from local food is one strategy for handling nutritional problems in malnourished toddlers and SEZ pregnant women. In order to support improving the quality of Indonesian people, strengthening an economic structure that is productive, independent and competitive, the government has targeted an acceleration in reducing the stunting rate under five. In order to support the implementation of the Acceleration of Stunting Reduction which aims to achieve the quality development target by 2030 and the stunting prevalence target of 14% by 2024.Objective: To produce a comprehensive, up to date and effective analysis of supplementary feeding analysis: Accelerating Stunting ReductionResearch Method: This research uses a qualitative approach and design. Participants in this research were leaders and staff of institutions related to stunting prevention, namely: Provincial Health Services, District Services, Community Health Center Nutrition Officers and Posyandu Cadres. Materials and Tools: Questionnaire form, Camera, Video/handycam equipment, other ATK. This research was carried out in the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Health Service Area, in June-November 2023. Data analysis method: Reading/studying the data, marking key words and ideas that is in the data. The steps in data analysis are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing as follows: Data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawingResults. PMT activities made from local food can build family independence in providing quality food for pregnant women and toddlers. Malnutrition among toddlers and pregnant women in KEK in Southeast Sulawesi. This problem must be corrected. One program is providing additional local food. Where Southeast Sulawesi is a coastal and island area that has a lot of food. The success of the local feeding program is demonstrated by improvements in the nutritional status of both targets. In toddlers, success can be seen from the weight gain each month. In this activity, the community health center plays a very important role. At the Puskesmas, all activities carried out by cadres can be monitored by the Puskesmas nutrition staff.Suggestion: Improvements in funding are needed, namely additional funds for food distribution to cadres, adequate transportation is needed. It is necessary to evaluate the process of providing additional food made from local ingredients and evaluate weight gain in children under five and increase in LILA size in pregnant women.

Executive Functions and Social-Emotional Problems in Toddlerhood: Nature, Persistence, and Direction of Associations.

Social-emotional problems can emerge as early as the first years of life and are associated with a broad range of negative outcomes throughout the lifespan. There is convincing evidence that poorer executive functions (EF) are associated with more social-emotionalproblems during childhood and adolescence. However, the nature, persistence, and direction of the associations between different components of EF and social-emotionalproblems in toddlerhood remain unclear. Using two complementary statistical approaches, the present study aimed to (a) identify the role of EF components (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory) in the emergence and maintenance of social-emotional problems during toddlerhood, and (b) explore potential bidirectional associations between toddlers' EF and social-emotional problems. EF and social-emotional problems were assessed around 13, 19, and 28 months of age in a sample of 133 typically developing toddlers (51% boys) from mostly White middle-class families. At each time point, EF were measured with three behavioral tasks and social-emotional problems with a well-validated questionnaire completed by mothers. Multilevel growth models revealed a significant increase in social-emotional problems across toddlerhood and a negative association between inhibitory control and social-emotional problems that persisted across time. Controlling for stability across time, cross-lagged panel models indicated that child inhibitory control at 19 months negatively predicted child social-emotional problems at 28 months, but not the reverse. This study highlights that toddlerhood is a period of significant increase in social-emotional problems andprovides evidence for the protective role of early inhibitory control skills against the development of social-emotional problems during toddlerhood.

History of Risky Pregnancies and Failure of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Indonesia

The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding for infants in Indonesia still needs to be higher compared to the national target (80%). Low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is a risk factor for various nutritional problems in toddlers. The causes of failure of exclusive breastfeeding are multifactorial, including risky pregnancy. This study aims to determine the association of risky pregnancies with the failure of exclusive breastfeeding using national data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) with a cross-sectional design. The study sample that met the criteria was 6,689 mothers with children aged 6-23 months. The independent variable is risky pregnancy (parity, pregnancy spacing, age during pregnancy), and the dependent variable is the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Data analysis using multivariate logistic regression. The results found that only 26.2% of exclusive breastfeeding practices. Risky pregnancy is associated with the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers with too much parity risked 1,195 times, mothers with primiparous parity risked 1,716 times, too close birth spacing risked 1,210 times, and too young mothers were 1,267 times more likely not to exclusively breastfeed than mothers who had normal pregnancies after controlling for the area of residence. It is necessary to improve health promotion programs to the public regarding the importance of offering exclusive breastfeeding to infants and improving fertility characteristics.

Assessing anxiety problems in a community sample during toddlerhood: The impact of child temperament and maternal intrusiveness

Previous research indicates that child temperament and maternal behaviors are related to internalizing behaviors in children. We assessed whether maternal intrusiveness (MI) observed at 10-months would moderate the impact of temperamental fear and the impact of inhibitory control (IC) at 24 months on anxiety problems at 36 months. A mother-child interaction task was coded for MI. Behavioral tasks were given to assess children’s IC. Parents completed questionnaires about their children’s temperamental fear and anxiety problems. Results showed that greater temperamental fear reported at 24 months predicted greater anxiety problems reported at 36 months, regardless of MI levels. Lower levels of IC at 24 months predicted more anxiety problems reported at 36 months when children experienced greater MI. These findings illustrate the importance of examining both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, independently and interactively, that contribute to children’s anxiety problems in toddlerhood.

The Relationship Between Permissive Parenting and the Nutritional Status of Toddlers in the Mergangsan Health Center Working Area

Background: Malnutrition is one of the main problems in toddlers. Nutrition Surveillance in 2021, found that toddlers with very underweight were 1.2% and underweight were 6.1%. SSGI in 2021 stated that the percentage of stunted (very short and short) was 24.4%. Factors that affect children's nutritional status include diet and parenting, which also affect nutritional status. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between permissive parenting and nutritional status. Methods: This type of research uses analytical observational methods, using a cross sectional approach conducted in the work area of the Mergangsan Health Center. sampling technique using purposive sampling, namely 95 respondents, from a total population of 1798. Data were analyzed using the spearman statistical test. Results: Non-permissive parenting is 39 (75%) children with normal nutritional status and 13 (52%) children whose nutritional status is not normal. Respondents who applied permissive parenting were 26 (78.8%) children with normal nutritional status and 7 (21.2%) children with abnormal nutritional status. The Spearman test results obtained a P value of 0.8820.05, this means that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. Conclusion: There is no relationship between parenting patterns and the nutritional status of toddlers aged 0-59 months in the Mergangsan Health Center Working Area.