Problems In School Children Research Articles

Stakeholders’ impediments in promoting school nutrition education in South Africa: Implications on youth dietary knowledge of excess fats and carbohydrates

There is prevalence of overweight and obesity in South Africa. Evidence of nutrition knowledge and challenges affecting the promotion of nutrition interventions is needed to produce more effective strategies to prevent nutrition problems in schoolchildren. The study sought to explore challenges encountered by stakeholders of the school nutrition programme in promoting nutrition education. Furthermore, the study aimed to assess the implications of the stakeholders ‘challenges on learners’ dietary knowledge of excess fats and carbohydrates. The study took place in eight secondary schools in the Pinetown District, KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa. The qualitative data from nine interviewees who were stakeholders of the school nutrition programme were analysed using thematic content analysis. Quantitative data were collected from 108 grade 12learners using self-administered questionnaires.The quantitative data was coded, collated and analysed using SPSS. Independent sample t-test was used to evaluate if there was significant difference between gender and the mean values. One-way ANOVA was used to establish if there was any significant difference between the mean values of learners’ knowledge on various nutrition principles.Learners displayed inadequate knowledge of a healthy diet(34%),the importance of vegetables in the diet (71%), the health risks of excess fats (64.8%) and excess carbohydrates (77.8%),and nutritious food to be eaten daily (40.7%). Comparison of group means of various nutrition principles using one way ANOVA indicated significant difference at p < 0.05 level[F(4, 528) = 43.3, P < 0.001]. The 44 male respondents had significantly higher scores for the awareness of health risks of excess fats t (103) = 2.6, p =0.01and excess carbohydrates t (103) = 2.7, p =0.01 compared to 61 females.Each food group could be listed only by less than 22% of the participants. Challenges encountered in promoting nutrition education included time constraints, lack of training on nutrition principles, lack of supporting documents and lack of nutrition principles in the curriculum.The inadequate knowledge displayed by learners and lack of training and supporting documents in promoting nutrition education indicate areas that can be targeted by intervention programmes to improve nutrition knowledge of learners and stakeholders.

Headache and musculoskeletal pain in school children are associated with uncorrected vision problems and need for glasses: a case\u2013control study

Musculoskeletal pain and headache are leading causes of years lived with disability, and an escalating problem in school children. Children spend increasingly more time reading and using digital screens, and increased near tasks intensify the workload on the precise coordination of the visual and head-stabilizing systems. Even minor vision problems can provoke headache and neck- and shoulder (pericranial) pain. This study investigated the association between headaches, pericranial tenderness, vision problems, and the need for glasses in children. An eye and physical examination was performed in twenty 10–15 year old children presenting to the school health nurse with headache and pericranial pain (pain group), and twenty age-and-gender matched classmates (control group). The results showed that twice as many children in the pain group had uncorrected vision and needed glasses. Most children were hyperopic, and glasses were recommended mainly for near work. Headache and pericranial tenderness were significantly correlated to reduced binocular vision, reduced distance vision, and the need for new glasses. That uncorrected vision problems are related to upper body musculoskeletal symptoms and headache, indicate that all children with these symptoms should have a full eye examination to promote health and academic performance.

Nutritional status of school children living in Northern part of Sri Lanka

BackgroundNutritional status is an important indicator for measuring quality of life in children. A region that is recovering from war will face many problems related to nutrition. Very few studies have addressed the nutritional problems in school children. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity among school children from Northern Sri Lanka and associated socio-demographic factors.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was carried out using multistage stratified proportionate cluster among healthy children attending schools in the Northern part of the country. Height and weight were measured, and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated [weight (kg)/Height (m) 2]. BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) and Height for age Z (HAZ) scores were determined and WHO growth references were used to categorise the nutritional status. Correlation between various nutritional problems with Maternal education, household income, number of family members and the residential area was assessed.ResultsA total of 1012 children were recruited, and the mean age and standard deviation were 11.12±1.77 yrs. Girls in the age ranges of 9–14 were heavier and taller when compared to the boys compatible with the pubertal growth spurt. Stunting based on the height for age was seen in 10.9% of boys and 11.8% of girls. Wasting based on BMI for age WHO standard (WHO 2007) was seen in 30.6% of boys and 29.1% of the girls. The prevalence of overweight was 11% and Obesity was 6.3% of the population. Obesity was predominantly seen in boys (4.2%) and it was significantly higher when compared to the girls (2.1%) (p < 0.001). Obesity in older boys (> 10 years) was significantly more than the younger ones (p < 0.01). Maternal education and family income had a significant impact on the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity whereas the family size contributed to the wasting and obesity (p< 0.001).ConclusionFindings suggest that stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity are prevalent among 6–16-year-old leading to concerns in public health. The nutritional status significantly varies according to the geographical location, maternal education and the household income.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TROUBLE SLEEPING AND ORAL CONDITIONS AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN.

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the prevalence of self-reported trouble sleeping due to dental problems and its association with oral conditions in schoolchildren. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample of 1,589 schoolchildren aged 8-10 years enrolled in public schools from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Non-clinical data included a questionnaire about socioeconomic indicators answered by parents/guardians. Children were questioned about whether they had trouble sleeping due to dental problems and about previous history of toothache. Clinical oral examinations were performed to evaluate dental caries - Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (DMFT/dmft index) and its clinical consequences [PUFA/pufa index: considering the presence of pulpal involvement (P/p); ulceration of tissues due to tooth fragments from decayed crowns (U/u); fistula (F/f); and abscesses (A/a), and traumatic dental injuries (TDI)]. We conducted a descriptive analysis and used adjusted logistic regression models (p<0.05; 95%CI). Results: The prevalence of trouble sleeping due to dental problems was 28%. Children with untreated dental caries (OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.05-1.67) and clinical consequences from the PUFA/pufa index (OR 1.89; 95%CI 1.45-2.46) had higher chances of reporting trouble sleeping due to dental problems.Conclusions: Approximately one-third of the children declared having trouble sleeping due to dental problems. Untreated dental caries and its clinical consequences were associated with self-reported trouble sleeping due to dental problems in schoolchildren.

EFEKTIVITAS PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VIDEO DAN PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI CANDI 01 SEMARANG

Background: Dental caries is one of the serious health problems in school children. This put children on high risk of school achievement decreasing and lack of nutrition. It is important to provide them a health education which could be done by play program. There were two play programs proven as effective for health education namely snake ladder and watching video. However, little is known which program is more effective. This study aimed to investigate differences of increasing dental and mouth health knowledge using snake lader media and video. Methods: This study employed Pretest-Posttest nonequivalent control group design and conducted in Candi 01 Elementary School, Semarang City. The sample of 74 people divided into 2 groups, 1 snake ladder group and 2 groups. Each group consisted of 37 people. Result: It was found that the snake ladder game was more effective in increasing health knowledge, in the Mann-Whitney alternative test the p value was 0.000 (p <0.005). Conclusion : There are differences in the benefits of health and oral knowledge using media videos and snake games on Candi 01 elementary school students in Semarang City .

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in South Indian population

Introduction: Childhood obesity is one of the global public health challenges of the 21st century,affecting every country in the world. Globally, in just 40 years the prevalence of obesity has raisedmore than 10-fold from 11 million to 124 million school-age children. Material and Methods: Thisstudy is a school-based cross-sectional study. The study population is 150 children from 11-14 yearsold school children from a selected private school in urban Pondicherry. Result: In the present studyit was observed the prevalence of overweight and obesity shows that the prevalence of overweight is18% (N=27) and Obesity is 6% (N=9) based on BMI. Overweight and Obesity is an emerging majorhealth problem in school children in our Country. Conclusion: In the present study, there is anincrease in the prevalence of overweight /obesity in school children.

Where We Can Find Identity

Giftedness and identity are the two social phenomena that are of great importance for the formation and development of every human being. In real life and in educational practice they accompany each other, yet until present they have not crossed in scientific research. The Journal “Social Phenomena” is launching a series of publications on the questions of interconnection between identity and giftedness. In this issue diverse approaches to the problem of schoolchildren’s identity formation are presented, including the perspectives opening the possibility for the development of a new theoretical paradigm.

English

BACKGROUND Health education is an essential aspect for prevention of oral health problems in school children. Dental trauma can result in damaging the tooth, periodontal ligaments, and sometimes even alveolar bone and gingiva. These traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth in young children are tragic but are an ignored problem. They can result in aesthetic and functional problem with possible impact on child’s quality of life as anterior teeth are essential for phonetics, mastication, integrity of supporting tissue and also mental and psychological wellbeing of children. This dental emergency can be best handled by the school teachers and the staff members when it happens in a school. So, the study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of the school teachers regarding the emergency management of dental trauma and sensitize them on the subject. METHODS This is a pre- and post-test study performed using self - designed questionnaire provided to the school-teachers of Wardha district. RESULTS Knowledge of 98 % teachers increased after the activity whereas knowledge of 2 % of school teachers was the same as earlier. CONCLUSIONS Sensitization of the school teachers improved their awareness and attitude to manage the dental trauma and avulsion injury of teeth in school. KEY WORDS Tooth Avulsion, Emergency Dental Traumatic Care, School Teachers

Sleep patterns and sleep problems in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren

Sleep in children is essential for growth, emotional health and cognitive function. Although it has been described that poor sleep can seriously affect learning capacity, this relationship remains unclear. The purposes were to: (1) describe sleep patterns and sleep problems in schoolchildren; and (2) analyze the relationship between sleep quality and quantity and academic achievement. This study included 330 children aged 8–11 years and who had complete sleep data from 20 primary schools in 20 towns from the Cuenca province, Spain. The Spanish version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire was used, and parents’ educational level, and academic achievement (final grades) were measured. Analysis of covariance models was used to assess differences in academic achievement by sleep problems and sleep duration categories, controlling for age and parents’ educational level. This study found that 6.1% of the children who participated in our study slept < 9 h/day, and 9.1% of them had sleep problems. Our results showed an inverse trend between sleeping < 9 h/day and having sleep problems with academic achievement, although these differences did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). In this study, a considerable proportion of the schoolchildren sleep less than recommended and have sleep problems. Sleep intervention may be important to prevent sleep problems and insufficient sleep in schoolchildren. Further research is needed to clarify the association of sleep insufficiency and problems with academic performance in schoolchildren.

Diagnostic sensitivity of direct wet mount microscopy for soil-transmitted helminth infections in Jimma Town, Ethiopia.

Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) remains a major public health problem in school children in Ethiopia. Although direct wet mount microscopy (DWMM) is the means to diagnose parasitic diseases in health care facilities in Ethiopia, it remains unclear what its diagnostic performance is for STH. A cross-sectional study was performed in Jimma Town (Ethiopia) and included 600 children from 10 primary schools. The diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM was compared to a composite reference standard (CRS) consisting of Kato-Katz, McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC. We also explored the impact of intensity of infection (the highest faecal egg counts (FECs; expressed as eggs per gram of stool (EPG)) across the CRS) on the diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM. Based on the CRS, there were 210 Ascaris (35.0%), 312 Trichuris (52.0%) and 102 hookworm cases (17.0%). The median intensity of infections equalled 2,057 EPG for Ascaris, 200 EPG for Trichuris and 110 EPG for hookworms. The sensitivity of DWMM was 73.8% for Ascaris, but was around 17% for both Trichuris and hookworms. The sensitivity significantly increased with intensity of STH. For Ascaris, the odds for detecting an infection intensity of 1,000 EPG was 6.2 times higher than detecting an infection of 100 EPG. For Trichuris and hookworms, these odds ratios were 7.1 and 14. The diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM is low for STH, but it is able to detect those subjects that are in the highest need of treatment, and hence contributes to the global goal to eliminate STH as a public health problem.

Efektifitas Cognitive Behaviour Therapy di Sekolah: Meta Analisis Review

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a popular therapy that is applied to various problems. The purpose of this study is to provide a survey approved by a meta-analysis supported by CBT. This study reviews 10 meta-analytic studies and discusses CBT in students in schools for the following problems, namely: Anxiety, Emotion, Self-Confidence, Self-Efficacy, and CBT Based on Local Wisdom. Additional analytical meta review to address CBT problems for various problems in school children. The strongest support for CBT is from monitoring and transition. CBT showed a higher response rate and was widely considered in these 7 reviews and only three reviews reported that CBT had a lower response rate in care. In general, the CBT evidence base is very strong. However, additional research is needed to study the efficacy of CBT for randomized controlled studies. In addition, using CBT in schools depends on the level of education and age of children.

Chapter 6 - Borderline intellectual functioning

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF), that is to say, tested IQ levels in the range of 70-84/85, is prevalent, affecting about 12%-14% of the population depending on the exact level for "diagnostic" cutoff. In the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, BIF does not have a separate diagnostic category but can be categorized with a V-code. Children and adolescents with BIF usually struggle both as regards school performance and in respect of social functioning. BIF is common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but sometimes attention problems in schoolchildren with BIF may be a consequence of nonadapted academic demands. Autism and BIF may also coexist, and there are many cases of so-called high-functioning autism who are high functioning only in the sense that they do not meet criteria for intellectual disability, but function in the area of BIF. Currently, too little attention is given to the negative effects of BIF on child development and adaptation. Learning, academic, and behavioral problems and grade retention may be markers of BIF. Our diagnostic and classification manuals need to have specific categories that clarify the problems that BIF entails so that affected individuals can avail themselves of better educational support and understanding.

Prevalence of malocclusion in Chinese schoolchildren from 1991 to 2018: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Malocclusion is a common oral health problem in schoolchildren. Literature describing the prevalence of malocclusion varies substantially across China. This study identified the epidemiological characteristics of malocclusion among Chinese schoolchildren from 1991 to 2018. Six English and Chinese electronic databases were searched through November 2018. The search was supplemented by hand searching to identify relevant surveys. The overall prevalence of malocclusion was estimated by a random-effects meta-analysis model, and variations in different groups were assessed by subgroup meta-analysis. Thirty-seven eligible articles describing 117682 samples were investigated. The pooled national prevalence for malocclusion was 47.92% (95% CI: 58.6%-71.9%). For the Angle classification, the overall prevalence rates were 30.07% (95% CI: 25.37%-35.48%), 9.91% (95% CI: 7.41%-13.79%), and 4.76% (95% CI: 3.85%-6.54%) for Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion, respectively. A deep overbite (16.67%, 95% CI: 11.50%-23.08%) was shown to be the most common trait of malocclusion. When stratified by sex, males had a slightly higher prevalence than females (RR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06). More importantly, an ascending trend and substantial variations across the country were observed. Our results confirmed that malocclusion has become a serious oral health problem in Chinese schoolchildren, highlighting the need for proactive interventions at an early age. Moreover, high-quality epidemiological studies on malocclusion are still required.

STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF ARMY PERSONAL AT CANTONMENT AREA, JAIPUR.

Background: Anaemia is one of the most common hematological disease of the pediatric age group. in developing countries prevalence of anaemia is much higher in children. The present study was done at Jaipur to identify prevalence of anemia in children.&#x0D; Methodology: This is a prospective study conducted in school children from June 2018 to June 2019 and includes 500 children residing in cantonment area at jaipur.&#x0D; Results: Prevalence of anaemia was more among females and vegetarians.&#x0D; Conclusion: Anaemia is still a major health problem in our country. Childhood anaemia still continues to be a major public health problem in school children between 6-12 years&#x0D; Keywords: Anaemia, socioeconomic status, Iron Fortification.

Emotional and behavioral problems: a school-based study in southern Brazil

Mental health assessment in childhood needs to be carried out within a broader context that includes different factors. To assess the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in schoolchildren and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a school-based sample at 20 schools selected by systematic random sampling. Participants consisted of children aged 7-8 year old and their parents or primary caregivers. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to screen for the presence of emotional and behavioral problems in children. A total of 596 dyads were evaluated. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was 30.0% among boys and 28.2% among girls. Hyperactivity/inattention were more prevalent among boys (p=0.015). Belonging to economically disadvantaged strata increased the likelihood of emotional and behavioral problems among schoolchildren by 71% (p=0.001), while having parents or caregivers with mental disorder increased by 2.2 times that probability (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed a high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among schoolchildren, as well as the influence of economic conditions and of the mental health of parents and caregivers on child mental health.

SCHOOLCHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS HEALTH PROBLEMS IN SAMARA: CURRENT TRENDS

Objectives - to reveal the health dynamics in schoolchildren in Samara, to identify the types of pathological conditions. Material and methods. We used data from school medical records of pupils in grades 1-4 (2070 children), clinical examination of adolescents aged 14 years (788 people), and data of dynamic monitoring of schoolchildren aged 15-17 years (1002 people). Statistical processing was carried out according to the standard procedure using a package of Windows applications (Excel, Word), Statistica. Results. We revealed the decrease in the number of healthy children from 1st to 4th grade from 27.2% to 8.8%, and an increased quantity of pupils with functional and chronic health conditions. The morbidity analysis of the 1st grade schoolchildren demonstrated the high ranks of nervous system diseases, mental and behavioral disorders (289.3% and 241.6%), the third place was taken by musculoskeletal system pathologies (200.0%), in the fourth - diseases of the respiratory system (148.8%), in the fifth - diseases of the eye (144.1%). In the 4th grade the leader was the diseases of the musculoskeletal system (548.5%), diseases of the eye (374.4%), diseases of the digestive system (167.4%). In adolescents the pathology of musculoskeletal system was most often registered (376.0%), vision impairment was the following (346.6%). Conclusion. In respect to the nosology and dynamics of health problems in schoolchildren it is necessary to identify the risk factors and to implement targeted prevention programs.

Behavioral and emotional problems in school children: teachers and parents perspective

Background: The present research was carried out with an objective to study the behavioral problems and emotional problems of school children as perceived by their parents and teachers.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted on parents and teachers of 304 secondary school children of a metropolitan city. A pre formed semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic profile of the students. Parents and teachers rated Strength and difficulties questionnaire was used to assess their child’s /students behavioral and emotional problems as perceived by their parents &amp; teachers. The analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software.Results: Regarding the perception of teachers and parents it was found that parents were not much concerned as the response rate for parent reported SDQ was only 64.8% and response rate among teachers was 100%. Out of 304 study subjects, 22 (7.2%) were having borderline total difficulties on teachers reported total difficulty scale of SDQ and 11 (3.6%) were reported to be abnormal. Parent reported SDQ showed that out of 197 parents, who filled the SDQ, 24 (7.9%) study subjects were having borderline total difficulties, while 33 (10.9%) were found to be abnormal on SDQ scale.Conclusions: Parents, child-care givers, teachers and health care professionals if made aware of symptoms of mental health problems in their children’s, we can restore their mental health conditions in time.

Postural Problems in School Children and Physiotherapy Role

Postural Problems in School Children and Physiotherapy Role

Dental Problems in School Children: An Overview

Dental Problems in School Children: An Overview

Emotional and behavioral problems in children of depressed mothers: a school-based study in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to verify the association between maternal depression and emotional and behavioral problems in school children in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, considering that maternal depression increases children’s vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders. This is a cross-sectional study with a school-based sample conducted between August 2015 and November 2016 and it is part of a major project entitled ‘Healthy Childhood in Context: A Multidisciplinary Investigation’. Schoolchildren aged between 7 and 8 years and one of their respective parents or a primary caregiver were included in the study. Maternal depression was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The presence of emotional and behavioral problems in children was verified by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) – parents version. Children of depressed mothers exhibited higher mean scores in all SDQ domains and in the total score when compared to children of non-depressed mothers. Lower socio-economic status was also associated with higher SDQ scores. Our results showed the effects of both maternal depression and poverty on children emotional and behavioral problems, which evidence the need for child mental health preventive care, and free quality assistance for both mothers and their children.