Problems In Hope Research Articles

American Theme in Henryk Sienkiewicz’s and Grigori Machtet’s Works

The article examines the image of the “New World” and the problem of emigration in Henryk Sienkiewicz’s and Grigori Machtet’s “American” works. It is stated that the main historical and literary context of both authors is the ideology and philosophy of positivism. The similarity between the worldview of Sienkiewicz and Machtet is determined by the fact that both writers traveled to America, and the comprehension of themes considering American culture played a key role in their creative evolution. The image of America in “Letters from a Journey to America” by Sienkiewicz and “Travel Pictures” by Machtet are compared. Similarities and differences are found in the artistic interpretation of the image of an Indian in Senkevich’s “Sachem” and Mactet’s “Black Ingratitude”. The main attention is paid to the relationship between the theme of emigration and the problem of hope in the stories of Sienkiewicz “For Daily Bread “ and Machtet’s “Prodigal Son”. The author concludes that the difference between the analyzed works considering the plot is established by the social identity of the characters (the image of the intellectual in Machtet’s story and the images of peasants in Sienkiewicz’s tale). It is concluded that there is an antinomic relationship between the motif of hope as an integral part of human life and the statement of the hopelessness of the situation of peasants in America in the story by Sienkiewicz. Machtet’s story is also characterized by the motives of disappointment - the hero’s unfulfilled hopes for self-realization in America, and at the same time, the motives of revival of hope and finding the purpose of life in work on land. The ideological similarity of both texts is determined by the program of „economic patriotism” preached by the writers of the positivist direction.

Development opportunities for adolescents growing up in migratory families in the context of hope of success

The article addresses the problem of hope for success among adolescents growing up in migrant families. This issue is related to the problems of social work, family sociology, and psychology of human development. The knowledge of development opportunities for young people from migrant families may be of particular cognitive value for social workers who face the protective potential of the migrant family in practice. Parents’ departure leads to children becoming independent rapidly, and to family influence on the individual’s life becoming shorter. Many researchers deal with the problem of the negative consequences of migration separation for child development. Few works show the development opportunities and potential of people growing up in families that are spatially separated due to migration. The article describes a fragment of youth’s functioning who had to undertake new duties because of their parents’ departure, such as: taking over the care of their siblings, running their household, and looking after their grandparents with whom they live in the absence of their parents. To determine the level of hope for success among those young people, the Hope for Success Questionnaire by Mariola Łaguna, Jerzy Trzebiński, and Mariusz Zięba was used. The study covered 87 teenagers attending upper-secondary schools in Kujawy-Pomerania Province. The control group consisted of young people whose parents did not migrate abroad for economic reasons, while the criterion group consisted of adolescents growing up in disconnected families. Social workers’ activities include providing help to families. The knowledge of the specific functioning of migration families can help to better support such families. The article aims to discuss the issue of adolescents growing up in migrant families who, because of their parents’ economic migration, must face new responsibilities, often typical of an adult and inadequate for their developmental level.

Hope for the Future and Literacy Achievement in a Sample of Impoverished South African Primary School Children

ABSTRACTThis article reports on a study that investigated the problem of hope for the future and literacy achievement in a sample of impoverished South African primary school children. data was collected through a quantitative survey that was administered to 160 learners from four classes of grades 5 to 7 at a school in Soweto township, Johannesburg, South Africa. The survey comprised five literacy tests that were standardised by Do-IT Profiler, an institute based in the United Kingdom (UK), and Shape the learner, a South African based consultancy. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between hope for the future and literacy scores, with learners who had less hope for the future scoring significantly lower on the literacy tests used in the study. Specifically, learners with less hope for the future performed noticeably lower in the real word test, followed by spelling, words spelt correctly, reading fluency, and non-word spelling. Based on social constructivist learning theory, positive psychology, and hope theory, the author discusses the implications of the findings for literacy achievement in children living in poverty. Several important recommendations are made, namely: the use of a methodological tool to identify specific literacy skills in children; the support that could be provided by educators and school psychologists; and a multilevel focus in targeting poverty eradication.

‘Collecting Byron: A Conference in Celebration of the Byron Society Collection’ Drew University, Madison, New Jersey 11-13 April 2014

The mandate of the 'Collecting Byron' conference was double: to assemble Byron scholar-collectors and to celebrate the Byron Society of America's collection of Byroniana, books and ephemera now housed at the Drew University Library. In her accomplished introduction to the conference pamphlet, Marsha Manns, Co-Founder and Chair of the Byron Society of America, gives the history of the Byron collection at Drew and anecdotes regarding several of the donors, including Jackie Palmer and Michael Rees, now Brother Teilo. The conference was also the occasion of the ninth Leslie A. Marchand Memorial Lecture, given by Alice Levine (Hofstra). Twenty-two Byron scholars attended the conference, including the redoubtable Jack Gumpert Wasserman, who described his Byron Collection and his international adventures as a collector, as well as David McClay, Senior Curator of the John Murray Archive, National Library of Scotland, who offered many valuable insights into the history of this, the most important collection of Byron documents and MSS.Alice Levine's lecture suited the conference and invoked the legacy of Leslie A. Marchand most admirably. Since the publication of her critical edition of Byron's Poetry and Prose (Norton, 2010), Professor Levine has had to answer many times the question, 'Why didn't you include [insert your missing favourite here]?' Levine's lecture was a thoughtful answer to this question which she supplemented with a spreadsheet outlining which 'favourites' did make it into eight of the most recognised editions beginning with Swinburne's Moxon edition (1866) and including Auden's (NAL, 1966), McGann's (OUP, 2000) and her own. To the surprise of many in the audience, the most anthologised poem by Byron is not 'She Walks in Beauty' but rather 'On this Day I Complete my Thirty-Sixth Year'. Levine gave many insights into the 'saga' of selecting the poems for her edition, a process which consumed two years of the nine-year project; and the second-guessing of her selections continues to haunt her. She admires Auden's edition because of his relish for Byron's satire and because he includes many of the letters. Following Auden's example, Levine reprinted 82 letters and several journal entries, many of which include shorter poems. An anecdote that Levine recounted is especially telling. She recalled seeing a framed version of Byron's 'Lines Inscribed upon a Cup Formed from a Skull' in a friend's apartment. The fact that she and her friend shared an affection for the poem, albeit unknowingly, brought a fresh appreciation for the lines. One can't help but wonder how strongly and thoroughly the sharing of Byron's work informs this fine edition. The hardest choice of all was cutting Don Juan because digression is all; and without the narrative context for a 'hinge', the artifice of Byron's digressive art loses its copiousness and power.I was most struck by the strong representation of young Byron scholars from the USA and Canada. In his paper 'Let us look at them as they are: Lord Byron and Modern Greek Print Culture', Alexander Grammatikos (Carleton) gave a splendid analysis of Byron's changing attitudes to the Greece of the first Mediterranean Tour as exemplified in the notes appended to Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Cantos I and II. Grammatikos is uniquely qualified to shed light on Byron's understanding of the Romaic language and print culture that Byron discovered at the end of 1809. He made the point that Byron wanted to look at the contemporary Greek writers 'as they are ' rather than as automatically subordinated to Classical Greek culture. Isaac Cowell (Rutgers) in his 'Byron as Collector of Failures and Improbabilities: Don Juan and the Problem of Hope', focused on Byron's use of'oppositional irony' whereby an apparent moment of frustration or 'deadweight' can produce a flicker of hope. Cowell used Don Juan, VIII, 96 and the dynamism of the shared 'dilated glance' between Juan and Leila to make his point. Byron often confronts the reader with an apparent paradox and then dares the reader to consider it. …

Update on the classification of melasma

Melasma,a common acquired hyperpigmented disease,usually occurs symmetrically on sunexposed areas of the face.It not only affects the appearance of patients,but also reduces the quality of life withmental suffering.Melasma is often difficult to treat.Its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear,and is considered to be mainly associated with sun exposure and hormone levels.In recent years,many controversieshave persisted regarding the histological classification of melasma at home and abroad,and no uniform standard has been established.Here,the authors review recently published papers on the classification of melasma,and discuss current problems in hope to facilitate the treatment of melasma. Key words: Chloasma ; Classification ;

Matka głupich? Filozoficzne aspekty nadziei

This text focuses on the problem of hope in a philosophical aspect. It has been based on the thought of st. Thomas, Roman Ingarden, Karol, Wojtyla, and particularly Gabriel Marcel. The author concentrates on two questions: 1. Are there any criteria to distinguish between two forms of hope: the first – that reveals reality, second – that deludes. 2. Can the experience of men in terms of natural, philosophical categories lead us to discovering and understanding hope? „To be future in the present” – is the existential position of hope. It ought to be based on reality, not on desires or dreams. Hope means: no situation of evil or fear is ultimate. It is not the prediction of the future. Transcendental acts of men are philosophical basis of hope (Marcel, Wojtyla); they oppose everything, that passes away, ultimately – they oppose death.

Becoming Who We Are: Democracy and the Political Problem of Hope

In this article I argue that hope is rightly numbered by Hesiod among the evils, as hope cannot be separated from an awareness of the inadequacy of one's current state. Political hope for democrats in particular is tied to the awareness that we have not yet realized ourselves, that, to paraphrase Pindar, we have not yet become who we are. I argue that, although Rorty comes close to articulating this in his book Achieving Our Country, his emphasis on pride ultimately obscures more than it reveals. I conclude that Thoreau's anguished reflection in Walden on the failures of his fellow citizens is a better place to look for instruction on the question of political hope.

Problems of International Crisis Management in the Nuclear Age

When the topic to be discussed has to do with the dangers posed by international crisis and the threat of nuclear war, the very first thing we must talk about is the problem of hope. It is common knowledge that if we allow ourselves to adopt a hopeless outlook, we will not want to think or talk about the dangers of nuclear war at all, or listen to what anyone else has to say about these dangers. And those of us who do research and teaching will certainly not be willing to devote time and energy carrying out relevant research on conflict resolution or trying to educate others about the threat of nuclear war and about political actions that might be constructive ways to minimize it. My own conflict theory of decision making specifies that lack of hope is one of the major determinants of defensive avoidance–the tendency to avoid thinking about distressing issues that might require action.

Complex Problems with Separate Contracts System

Contracting systems used in the construction industry today are presenting new and complex problems and those engaged in the industry should be aware of them. The construction management concept used to produce construction today has adapted the separate contract system to implement its purpose. The concept, which itself is relatively new, is adapting an old system in different ways without, in the opinion of the writer, looking to the legal, technical, and management problems involved. It is using these systems in a number and at a rate at which the slower processes of law cannot keep pace with. Three major problems are presented here. They are not solved because the solutions wait on the law. The purpose of this paper is to hopefully serve as a signal or reminder to the industry and to bring to the industry’s notice some of these problems in hope that its members will recognize them and act accordingly.

Philosophy and Christian Theology

BOOK REVIEWS 319 Philosophy and Christian Theology. Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association. Washington: The Catholic University of America, 1970. Pp. fl75. The forty-fourth meeting of the ACPA was held in San Francisco from March SO to April 1, 1970. Its general theme was: Philosophy and Christian Theology. Around this central theme, as in previous years, the texts which were presented both in the plenary sessions and in the meetings of eight sections took up various subjects which were likely to clarify the problem of the relation between theology and the principal currents of contemporary philosophy: philosophy of language, philosophy of science, Whitehead's philosophy, moral philosophy, metaphysics and natural theology , philosophy of religion, phenomenology, and existentialism. It was in the plenary sessions that the problem of the relations between philosophy and Christian theology was directly taken up. I am thinking in particular of the compact texts of J. F. Smolko and F. Sontag, while P. Ricoeur and J. F. Ross presented precise examples of the changes that philosophy is in a position to contribute in the perspectives of Christian thought. P. Ricoeur, taking up ideas developed earlier (cf. Le conflit des interpretations, pp. 898-415, 491), shows how the problem of hope is capable of renewing philosophical problems, while J. F. Ross appeals to the resources of linguistic analysis for the problems of analogy. Nevertheless, it is through the exposes of Fathers W. A. Wallace and B. Lonergan that we can best perceive the confrontation of two conceptions of philosophy within Christian thought at this time. Fr. Wallace, in his speech as president, argued the case of a " developmental Thomism,'' that is to say, of a real distinction between theology and philosophy which however would not impair a real unity of Thomism. Fr. Lonergan, on the other hand, opted for a more radical change. For him, Thomism would cease to play a central role in order to be situated and thereby integrated into a more general view, no doubt a little like Aristotelian logic or Euclidean geometry in the contemporary logical and mathematical syntheses. It is quite difficult to present the argument in favor of Thomism more clearly and briefly than Fr. Wallace did. All the essential aspects of the question were considered and all the possibilities of solution were examined. In spite of the difficulties and the questions raised, Fr. Wallace remains convinced that Thomism will again, as so many times in the past, find its leading role in Christian thought, theological as well as philosophical. The diversity will be more marked, but this will not prevent sufficient unity, a unity which is guaranteed by an essential reference to the thought of St. Thomas. Fr. Lonergan's point of view is different. He thinks that the essential change which has come about in philosophy is the movement away from eternal truths, as accepted by St. Thomas among others, to the idea of 820 BOOK REVIEWS "developing doctrines." (p. 19) And by that we must not understand simply the historical succession of philosophical systems, for instance, but rather the advent of theoretical interpretations based on the history of human thought, historicism and hermeneutics, which give us a conception of the work of the human intellect quite different from that inspired by Aristotle. " The key task, then, in contemporary Catholic theology is to replace the shattered thought-forms associated with eternal truths and logical ideals with new thought-forms that accord with the dynamics of development and the concrete style of method." (p. Q6) In four pages Fr. Lonergan formulates the program which, in his opinion, philosophy should follow today in order to endow theology with the new forms of thought which it needs. Here transcendental philosophy holds an important place. It would effectively allow us, as Kant had thought, to know what we are doing when we know and consequently to know exactly what we are knowing when we exercise this activity. The radical difference between the positions of Frs. Wallace and Lonergan is obvious. Fr. Wallace places himself within Thomism or supposes that we have already been situated within its perspective. The question which Fr. Lonergan poses is logically prior to such a step. Even more...

Un nuevo amanecer. Lectura de la idea de esperanza en el pensamiento de S. Kierkegaard

The article attempts to offer a phenomenological and hermeneutical reading of the problem of hope in Kierkegaard’s thought. First, it grounds the peculiar legitimacy of the phenomenon in the notion of spirit. Second, in philosophical terms, it elucidates the hope in the realm of God as an ontogenetic correlation that is realized in a process. Then, it analyzes silence, obedience, and happiness as indications of the experience of hope. Finally, it specifies the temporality and the aesthetic dimension of the phenomenon.