Financial Problems Research Articles

Persistent depression in pregnant refugee and migrant women living along the Thai-Myanmar Border: a secondary qualitative analysis.

Antepartum depression affects around 15% of pregnant women worldwide, and may negatively impact their infants' physical, cognitive and social development, and confer a greater risk of emotional dysregulation in their children. Risk factors for antepartum depression disproportionately affect women from resource-sparse settings. In particular, pregnant refugee and migrant women face many barriers to diagnosis and care of mental health conditions, yet this group is under-represented in the literature. This study explores what refugee and migrant women living along the Thai-Myanmar border perceive as being contributory and protective factors to their antepartum depression, through secondary qualitative analysis of responses to clinical interviews for depression. Previous research investigating perinatal depression in pregnant refugee and migrant women on the Thai-Myanmar border involved assessing 568 women for depression, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the diagnosis of DSM-IV Disorders (SCID). This study analyses a subsample of 32 women, diagnosed with persistent depression during the antepartum period. Thematic analysis of responses to the SCID and social and demographic surveys was undertaken to investigate factors which contribute towards, or protect against, persistent antepartum depression. Major themes which women described as contributing towards persistent antepartum depression were financial problems, interpersonal violence, substance misuse among partners, social problems and poor health. Factors women considered as protecting mental wellbeing included social support, accessible healthcare and distractions, highlighting the need for focus on these elements within refugee and migrant settings. Commonly expressed phrases in local Karen and Burmese languages were summarised. Knowledge of factors affecting mental wellbeing in the study population and how these are phrased, may equip stakeholders to better support women in the study area. This study highlighted the limitations of contextually generic diagnostic tools, and recommends the development of tools better suited to marginalised and non-English speaking groups.

Priority National Project – Healthcare: Financing, challenges, trends

Subject. This article discusses the problems of financing Russian healthcare and those related to the achievement of the targets of the specialized National Project Healthcare in 2024. Objectives. Based on the study of the Federal budget structure over time, as well as the results achieved within the framework of the implementation of the National Project Healthcare and the opinions of members of the Government of the Russian Federation, the article aims to find the main trend and the main problems of government financing of the industry. Methods. For the study, we used the historical method, analysis, systematization, and forecasting. Results. The article finds that the reduction in the budgets of national and federal projects related to healthcare in recent years is caused by objective reasons, but the paradigm of access to high-quality medical care for every Russian not only remains unchanged, but also receives proper government funding and high-quality development in accordance with the needs of modern society. Conclusions and Relevance. The problem of the lack of public sources to finance Russian healthcare has existed for a long time and, therefore, is not unexpected. In 2024, a budget sequestration is planned in conditions when at the end of 2023 the actual budget deficit exceeded the planned figure. In the context of the trend towards a decrease in public funding and taking into account the fact that 2024 is the year of the end of the National Project Healthcare, the achievement of the planned social development goals is at risk. The results of the study can be applied in the educational environment of higher education, in the scientific field, as well as for the development of new tools of government social and budgetary policies.

A retrospective study of unexpected deaths with alcohol use disorder from Japanese forensic autopsy cases

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is an important target for prevention of alcohol-related problems. In this study, we analyzed forensic autopsy cases to reveal the characteristics of the living conditions and death situations of individuals with AUD. MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 486 cases with a history of alcohol consumption for which a forensic autopsy was performed from 2012 to 2021 in Yamaguchi prefecture. Judgement of AUD was made using DSM-5. Various factors were compared statistically between AUD and non-AUD cases. ResultsOf the 486 cases, 225 (46.2%) were judged to be AUD, including 89 (18.3%) with advanced AUD, 33 (6.8%) were judged not to be AUD, and a judgement could not be made in the remaining cases. AUD was associated with alcohol consumption prior to death. Only 14.3% of the advanced-AUD cases was in treatment for alcohol dependence. The rates of interpersonal, health, financial and legal problems, receipt of public assistance and an extremely cluttered or hoarding house status were higher in all AUD and advanced AUD cases. Living alone, smoking and BMI were also associated with AUD. ConclusionsMany cases of alcohol-related deaths may have AUD, and persons with AUD who undergo a forensic autopsy commonly have multiple socioeconomic factors that may be associated with isolation that is involved in exacerbation of AUD. Further studies of these associations are needed because early diagnosis and treatment of AUD and support for the patient may lead to reduction of alcohol-related deaths.

Financial Calculation Problems and Countermeasure Analysis of Large-Scale Engineering Construction Projects

The financial aspects of large-scale engineering construction projects profoundly influence their success. Strengthening cost control and establishing a scientific financial evaluation system can enhance the project’s economic benefits, minimize unnecessary costs, and provide decision-makers with a robust financial foundation. Additionally, implementing an effective cash flow control mechanism and conducting a comprehensive assessment of potential project risks can ensure financial stability and mitigate the risk of fund shortages. Developing a practical and feasible fundraising plan, along with stringent fund management practices, can prevent fund wastage and optimize fund utilization efficiency. These measures not only facilitate smooth project progression and improve project management efficiency but also enhance the project’s economic and social outcomes.

Consistent asset modelling with random coefficients and switches between regimes

We explore a stochastic model that enables capturing external influences in two specific ways. The model allows for the expression of uncertainty in the parametrisation of the stochastic dynamics and incorporates patterns to account for different behaviours across various times or regimes. To establish our framework, we initially construct a model with random parameters, where the switching between regimes can be dictated either by random variables or deterministically. Such a model is highly interpretable. We further ensure mathematical consistency by demonstrating that the framework can be elegantly expressed through local volatility models taking the form of standard jump diffusions. Additionally, we consider a Markov-modulated approach for the switching between regimes characterised by random parameters. For all considered models, we derive characteristic functions, providing a versatile tool with wide-ranging applications. In a numerical experiment, we apply the framework to the financial problem of option pricing. The impact of parameter uncertainty is analysed in a two-regime model, where the asset process switches between periods of high and low volatility imbued with high and low uncertainty, respectively.

Payments for environmental services and economic growth: A theoretical model

Given the global climate emergency and the complex financing problems facing developing countries, some economists are advocating the introduction of payments for environmental services. The question is whether payments for environmental services will enable developing countries to make the ecological transition compatible with the economic growth they need to develop. This study presents a theoretical analysis of the economic and ecological efficiency of such a mechanism, and aims to determine whether it has any recessionary or disincentive effects. In other words, it determines whether, from a theoretical point of view, the environmental services provided by developing countries are compatible with continued growth. The study introduces a “payments for environmental services” procedure into a general equilibrium model (with involuntary unemployment) composed of multinational firms in developed and developing economies. This theoretical model yields the following results. Firstly, higher ecological taxes can directly increase environmental services without any recessionary effect. The system of payments for environmental services means that green investment is not necessarily incompatible with growth and development in developing countries. On the other hand, services in return for environmental payments can lead to a rebound effect from polluting activities, which is why such programs need to be accompanied by more radical environmental policies. In conclusion, while payments for environmental services can promote both ecological transition and growth in developing countries, it is necessary to control the rebound effect arising from the development of economic activity.

ANALISIS MANAJEMEN RESIKO TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN PEMETAAN MATURITY LEVEL MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK COBIT 4.1 (Studi Kasus: PT. CAHAYA BINTANG)

Due to the rapid development of information technology now, every business must always adapt and take advantage of the latest information technology. The use of information technology provides solutions and benefits for companies in operational, business and financial problems. Information technology certainly needs a kind of framework that makes it easier for companies to map the risks that might occur and in what way the company determines the strategy used so that these risks can be resolved. However, the use of information technology has a significant risk of failure and requires a relatively high investment cost. Such businesses require consistent management of information technology applications. Companies that want to know what risks will arise when implementing information technology really need risk management. To prove that information technology resources are aligned with business processes, carry out risk assessments, manage risks perfectly, carry out maturity level processes, and make recommendations in order to achieve targets that are comparable to company goals, the COBIT 4.1 framework is the framework that best suits the company's interests. The method used for this research consists of several stages, namely, literature study, information gathering, objective setting, risk identification, risk assessment, risk response, risk monitoring, maturity level determination, and making recommendations.

Psychedelic-assisted therapy for people with gambling disorder?

Gambling disorder is a severe mental health and behavioural problem with harmful consequences, including financial, relationship and mental health problems. The present paper initiates discussion on the use of psychedelics combined with psychotherapeutic support as a potential treatment option for people living with a gambling disorder. Recent studies have shown promising results using psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) to treat anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and various substance use disorders. Considering the similarities in the underlying psychosocial and neurobiological mechanisms of gambling disorder and other addictive disorders, the authors suggest that psychedelic-assisted therapy could be effective in treating gambling disorder. The paper also underscores the need for further research into the viability and effectiveness of psychedelic-assisted therapy for gambling disorder.

General Mean-Field BDSDEs with Stochastic Linear Growth and Discontinuous Generator

In this paper, we consider the general mean-field backward doubly stochastic differential equations (mean-field BDSDEs) whose generator f can be discontinuous in y. We prove the existence theorem of solutions under stochastic linear growth conditions and also obtain the related comparison theorem. Naturally, we present those results under the linear growth condition, which is a special case of the stochastic condition. Finally, a financial claim sale problem is discussed, which demonstrates the application of the general mean-field BDSDEs in finance.

Research on financing countermeasures of online game SMEs based on the identification of intangible assets information.

As an important part of the cultural industry, small and medium-sized online game enterprises undertake the functions of technological innovation, employment absorption and cultural cultivation. However, the lack of credit ability restricts the financial development of such enterprises. To solve the financing problem of online small and medium-sized game enterprises, this paper firstly uses the information of intangible assets to identify their credit ability, and considers that the information of intangible assets is a problem worthy of attention in evaluating credit risk. Secondly, the intangible assets information disclosure index, the revenue sharing contract of credit synergy and the dynamic game mechanism are constructed to study the importance of the intangible assets index and the evolution of the dynamic game. Finally, the empirical study shows that the intangible assets of delisting and special treated online game small and medium-sized enterprises still have value, this type of enterprise and credit suppliers have the behavior of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages. Therefore, credit synergy should be constructed and government regulation should be implemented.

Risk Analysis and Supervision of P2P Online Lending

In the new era of rapid development of science and technology, the combination of finance and technology has brought new financial cognition to people, but the emergence of financial technology has also brought great challenges to risk management in the financial field. With the development and maturity of Internet technology, the rapid innovation of Internet finance has promoted the prosperity of online lending, well met the financing needs of various entities in the market, and effectively solved the problem of expensive financing for small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises. However, the rapid development of Internet finance has also spawned a wider range of financial risks and updated forms. Taking P2P online lending as an example, this paper analyzes the causes and effects of the rise of P2P online lending, finds that there is asymmetric leverage effect in the fluctuations of P2P online lending, analyzes the risks, existing problems and causes of final failure of P2P online lending, and explores the development model of online lending in the post-P2P era and the construction of big data risk control system. Finally, some practical suggestions and countermeasures are given.

Implementasi Restrukturisasi Pembiayaan Selama Masa PPKM di Bank Syariah Indonesia Kc Gatot Subroto Kota Jambi

Mudharabah financing is used by MSME customers and non-MSME customers in Sharia banking practices because there is minimal risk for both the Sharia bank and the customer. However, the PPKM pandemic is sweeping the world so many people are affected, one of which is MSME customers, which has an impact on the performance and ability to pay MSME customers' obligations to banks. The aim of the research is to analyze the implementation of financing restructuring during the PPKM period and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing financing restructuring during the PPKM period at Bank Syariah Indonesia KC Gatot Subroto, Jambi City. Restructuring has been implemented since the inception of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). The supporting factors in the implementation of restructuring at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) are internal factors originating from the bank and external factors originating from the customer, while inhibiting factors in its implementation are the lack of openness or dishonesty of customers towards the bank when asked for information, lack of communication when want to be asked for information or lack of transparency, and lack of personnel or staff who understand well the implementation of restructuring. Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) is expected to be more careful and more selective in analyzing the provision of financing so that it will minimize the occurrence of problematic financing in the future and the analysis that must be carried out by Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) in carrying out restructuring is expected to be guided by the bank's regulations and rules. established sharia rules.

Abstract P258: Association of Depressive Symptoms With Exceptional Longevity: The Women’s Health Initiative

Introduction: Older women may experience elevated levels of depressive symptoms and are particularly vulnerable to chronic diseases, including CVD, and disability. Yet, few studies have examined associations of depressive symptoms with healthy longevity. We examined the associations of depressive symptoms with survival to ages 90, 95, and 100, and with survival to age 90 with intact mobility and cognitive functioning among older women. Hypothesis: Relative to those without depressive symptoms at baseline, women with elevated depressive symptoms will have (i) lower odds of survival to ages 90, 95, or 100 and (ii) lower odds of surviving to age 90 without mobility and cognitive impairment. Methods: We studied 70,363 women ( M age = 69.9, SD = 3.9; 7.1% Black, 2.5% Hispanic/Latino, 89.6% White) enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative with potential, due to birth year, to survive to ages 90 and older as of February 2022. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline (1993-1998) using an 8-item screening instrument that comprises the 6-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and 2 items from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Depressive symptoms were classified as elevated (vs. not) using an established cut point of ≥0.06 for detecting the presence of depressive disorders. Survival (vs. death) to ages 90, 95, and 100 years was assessed through February 2022. Separate logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for survival to age 90, 95, and 100 and to age 90 without (vs. with) mobility and cognitive impairment, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, health insurance, financial problems, diet quality, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cancer, and use of depression medication. Results: A total of 38,607 women survived to age 90 or older during WHI follow-up. After adjustment for covariates, women with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline (compared to women without symptoms) had lower odds of surviving to age 90 (OR, 0.91; 95% CI 0.86-0.96; P = .001), age 95 (OR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.80-0.96; P = .005) and similarly but non-significantly to age 100 (OR, 0.80; 95% CI 0.59-1.06; P = .14). Women with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline (compared to women without symptoms) had lower odds of surviving to age 90 without mobility and cognitive impairment (OR, 0.57; 95% CI 0.51-0.65; P < .001) vs. surviving to age 90 with mobility and cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Baseline depressive symptoms were associated with lower odds of exceptional longevity and survival to age 90 without impairment in mobility and cognitive functioning among WHI women. These findings underscore the adverse long-term impact of depressive symptoms on healthy longevity.

Beyond tribal politics for e-participation and development: social media influence on Nigeria's 2023 presidential general election

PurposeThe study investigates factors like media, tribal, religious and party politics' influence on Nigerias’ 2023 presidential election choice. It confirms dominant social media platforms and examines their influence on election polls, e-participation and political candidate choice. The main objectives of this study are to: investigate if tribal, religious and party politics affect the respondent’s choice of a presidential candidate, ascertain the respondent's most used social media platform for political engagement and determine how social media platforms influenced the election polls during the 2023 Nigerian presidential election.Design/methodology/approachA sample size of 384 registered voters was used to survey three states in Southeast Nigeria hinged on the technological acceptance model, the instrumentalist theory of ethnicity and the theory of reasoned action.FindingsThe study found that tribal politics did not influence political candidates during the 2023 Nigerian presidential election. However, religious and party politics influenced their choices as well as X (Twitter), found as the most used and most influential social media platform vital for enhancing participatory democracy and informing people at real-time.Research limitations/implicationsThe researchers experienced challenges such as ensuring that the respondents filled the questions appropriately to reduce the number of void questionnaires and a funding problem since they had yet to receive any grant to enhance the study.Originality/valueThe study commends improved Internet connectivity and accessibility among the citizens for increased political engagement on social media. It also recommends that the Nigerian government enforce the rule of law in politics to enable diverse tribes and religions to experience democratic e-participation and development without marginalisation or subjugation by incumbent power. The findings affirm that social media is apt in political communication during the 2023 presidential elections in Nigeria. The study is a contribution to knowledge, timely and original.

Harms from Other People’s Gambling: Associations with an Individual’s Own Gambling Behaviours, Health Risk Behaviours, Financial Problems, General Health, and Mental Wellbeing

This study aimed to explore relationships between being an ‘affected other’ (AO) and an individual’s own gambling, health risk behaviours, financial problems, poor general health, and low mental wellbeing. A cross-sectional survey using representative and supplementary convenience samples was undertaken with 1234 residents of a British Island aged 16 + years. Being an AO was measured as having a partner or relative who has been gambling regularly in the past 12 months. PGSI was used to assess gambling severity. Health risk behaviours included: poor diet, low physical activity, daily smoking, and binge drinking. Other measures included experiencing financial problems, poor general health, and low mental wellbeing. Analyses were performed using χ2 and binary logistic regressions. 11.0% of participants were AOs. AOs were more likely to gamble at at-risk/problem-gambling levels and experience financial problems compared to those who were not affected others. The significant relationship between being an AO and low mental wellbeing was mediated by experiencing financial problems. The relationship between being an AO and engaging in two or more health risk behaviours was no longer significant after controlling for sociodemographics and an individual’s own gambling. The relationship between being an AO and poor general health was no longer significant after controlling for sociodemographics, health risk behaviours and an individual’s own gambling. AOs experienced risks to health and wellbeing, with findings not limited to AOs specifically with a relationship to an individual with problem-gambling. Therefore, support for AOs should be more widely available, aiming to address AOs’ needs holistically.

PROBLEMS OF MEDIA FINANCING DURING WAR AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

The article is devoted to the issue of financing the media industry during crises and wars. The main difficulties faced by the Ukrainian mass media after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine are studied. Analyzing the financial instruments used for the survival and development of the media. We all understand that the media is not only a source of information space, but also one of the sectors of the state’s economy. Therefore, as we turn the page of the second year of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, we cannot but address the question: “What financial difficulties did our media face during the war, how did they overcome them, and what are the possible sources of funding now?” That is, to look into the eternal question “Where to get money?” and how can media enterprises survive in times of crisis? Unfortunately, the problem of media funding during the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has not yet been sufficiently addressed in scientific research. However, due to the extreme relevance of this problem, it was primarily addressed by journalists themselves, raising it at journalistic forums and in their materials. The purpose of the article is to outline the problem of media financing during the war and the ways to solve it that are used by Ukrainian media in everyday life. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to consider changes in grant support for the media, analyze support from volunteer “donors”, consider the possibility of contracts with local authorities for coverage as a source of funding, consider potential opportunities for paying for content, analyze state support for Ukrainian media, and more. Thus, the loss of 90% of the advertising market at the beginning of the invasion, the departure of some journalists abroad, the inability to fulfill their financial obligations, the loss of offices and many other disappointments did not stop active, dedicated professionals in their desire to create! And tools, especially those such as finance, are always available when you have a great desire and a dream. Since Ukrainian journalism has been addressing the issue of alternative financing for two years, the field for further research is almost unlimited, and many economic experts are just now beginning to delve into this issue.

Testing a syndemics perspective on the effects of multiple adversities on depression and anxiety symptoms in a representative population sample

PurposeConsiderable empirical evidence indicates that stressful life experiences may have a negative impact on mental health. However, it is unclear how multiple adverse experiences may intersect to influence symptoms of depression and anxiety. Using a syndemics approach to identify potential synergistic effects between major stressors, we aimed to quantify the roles of multiple recent adverse life experiences on depression and anxiety symptoms.MethodsA population-representative sample of 1090 Australian adults (53% women, Mage 47 years) completed a cross-sectional survey in 2022 that assessed mental health and retrospective reports of nine specific stressful life experiences in the past year.ResultsThe most common adverse life experiences in the past year were financial problems (64%), loneliness (63%), or a major health problem (51%). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, financial problems, personal health problems, health problems in a close contact, relationship problems and loneliness were significantly associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.05). There was just one synergistic interaction and one buffering interaction of combined adversities on anxiety, and no synergistic interactions of adverse experiences on depression. The perceived impact of combined adversities was associated with both depression (b = 0.59, p < 0.001) and anxiety (b = 0.48, p < 0.001).ConclusionAdversity was strongly associated with depression and anxiety. Inconsistent with a syndemics framework, there were very few synergistic relationships between different types of adversities, suggesting that different adverse experiences may independently influence mental health. The findings indicate important opportunities for early intervention to prevent depression and anxiety during difficult times.

Examining Institutional Challenges of Land Value Capture: The Case of Implementing Land-based Taxes in the Philippines

Leveraging the increase in property values emerges as an innovative financing method, enabling property owners and developers to contribute to collective benefit. The special assessment tax or special levy is a land value capture tool used to recover the costs of government infrastructure projects. Despite its long-standing existence in the Philippines’ Local Government Code, it is underutilized and its potentials as revenue sources have not been realized. This qualitative study combines extensive literature reviews and semi-structured interviews, including a self-assessment scoring of government staff in the cities of Metro Manila, citing perspectives and experiences in land taxation to examine institutional challenges in utilizing the special assessment tax. Findings reveal that institutional, financial, and technical capacity problems have prevented its utilization despite existing legal mechanisms. Moreover, there is a noteworthy gap in understanding and application at the local level, as the concept of land value capture is yet to be mainstreamed in local public finance. The discussions aim to inform cities and municipalities about the untapped potential of the special assessment tax as a viable revenue source for local development and the regulation of urban growth. Additionally, the study advocates for the importance of building capacities in land-based financing. It emphasizes the need for support and improvements in the current institutional arrangements of land valuation to address socio-economic inequalities.

Analysis of the Influence of Company Growth, Profitability, Debt Default, Managerial Ownership, and Institutional Ownership on the Acceptance of Going Concern Audit Opinions in Manufactured Companies Listed on the IDX 2019-2021

This research aims to determine the influence of company growth, profitability, debt default, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership on the acceptance of going concern audit opinions in manufacturing companies on the IDX in 2019 - 2021. This research was conducted based on the phenomenon that there are still companies with financial and non-financial problems that cause doubts about the company's ability to maintain its survival so that it receives a going concern audit opinion. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling method, where a final sample of 167 companies was obtained with observations for three years for a total of 501 observation samples. The analysis technique used is Logistic Regression Analysis using the SPSS 24 program. This research shows that company growth, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership have a significant negative effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinions, and debt default has a significant positive effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinions. Meanwhile, profitability does not significantly affect the acceptance of going-concern audit opinions. Keywords: going concern audit opinion, company growth, profitability, debt default, managerial ownership, institutional ownership.

Legal impact and urgency of protection for users of illegal online loan services

This study aims to identify legal sanction against illegal lending providers in Indonesia and examine legal protection for users of illegal online loan services. The research method used is a normative legal approach with a focus on analysis of applicable laws and regulations. Indonesia has a number of legal sanctions that have been imposed on illegal loan organisers, including suspensions of operations, administrative sanctions, and even criminal penalties under the Law and OJK Regulations. These measures aim to protect the public from illegal practices that can harm them financially and socially. On the user side, legal protection is regulated by POJK 77/2016 and the Consumer Protection Law, which provides consumer protection facilities such as complaint services and legal defence. Even though there are regulations that have been implemented, illegal loan services remain a problem because they offer loans without official permission, take advantages of people’s lack of financial literacy, and create the risk of uncontrolled lending. The importance of understanding and complying with the rules and laws that apply in lending services is the key to avoiding legal risks and financial problems