Problem-oriented Language Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEM-SPECIFIC MODELING LANGUAGE TO SUPPORT SOFTWARE VARIABILITY IN "SMART HOME" SYSTEMS

Building conceptual models for software design, in particular for high-tech applications such as smart home systems, is a complex task that significantly affects the efficiency of their development processes. One of the innovative methods of solving this problem is the use of domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs), which can reduce the time and other project resources required to create such systems. The subject of research in this paper is approaches to the development of DSML for Smart Home systems as a separate class of Internet of Things systems. The purpose of this work is to propose an approach to the development of DSMLs based on a model of variability of the properties of such a system. The following tasks are being solved: analysis of some existing approaches to the creation of DSMLs; construction of a multifaceted classification of requirements for them, application of these requirements to the design of the syntax of a specific DSML-V for the creation of variable software in smart home systems; development of a technological scheme and quantitative metrics for experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The following methods are used: variability modeling based on the property model, formal notations for describing the syntax of the DSML-V language, and the use of the open CASE tool metaDepth. Results: a multifaceted classification of requirements for a broad class of DSML languages is built; the basic syntactic constructions of the DSML-V language are developed to support the properties of software variability of "Smart Home" systems; a formal description of such syntax in the Backus-Naur notation is given; a technological scheme for compiling DSML-V specifications into the syntax of the language of the open CASE tool metaDepth is created; the effectiveness of the proposed approach using quantitative metrics is experimentally investigated. Conclusions: the proposed method of developing a specialized problem-oriented language for smart home systems allows for multilevel modeling of the variability properties of its software components and provides an increase in the efficiency of programming such models by about 14% compared to existing approaches.

Development of a Virtual Bench for Modeling and Research of a Mobile Robot in Simintech

A virtual bench is designed for students studying simulation, model-oriented design of mechatronic systems and control devices. A review of existing virtual stands is performed. The training starts with simulation of a mobile robot (MR) with a single drive, for example, a transport robot moving along one coordinate, then simulation of MR with differential control moving on a plane, and then simulation of multicopters (quadcopter, hexacopter, octocopter). The virtual simulator consists of a model of MR with a single DC motor drive, MR controller, control panel. The drive model of the mobile robot in the state space is developed. Negative trends in the development of laboratory benches have been revealed: fast obsolescence of laboratory equipment; high cost; small range of equipment. Positive directions of their development have been identified: expansion of software capabilities (high-level languages) allowing to create any applications quickly and easily; appearance and improvement of special software used to create multimedia applications, as well as specialized software intended for design automation (AutoCAD, KOMPAS, Altium Designer, etc.) and mathematical calculations (Matlab, MathCAD, etc.). Software tools include SimInTech, MatLab/Simulink, LabVIEW, procedure-oriented languages VB, Delphi, Java, etc.; problem-oriented languages LISP, C++, C#, etc. In this connection, it is expedient to partially abandon traditional laboratory benches and switch to wider application of simulation modeling and computational experiment methods. Virtual laboratory benches should form the basis of such transition. As a result of simulation, the following parameters of MR model were obtained: MR displacement at 2.5 m, maximum gearbox angular speed 0.2 rad/s, maximum torque on gearbox output shaft 15 N∙m, maximum angular speed of DC motor 30 rad/s. Simulation of MR was performed in SimInTech program.

Специализированная САПР информационно-измерительных устройств командных приборов

Reviewed the problem of building a specialized CAD for information-measuring devices of command instruments. The list of automated design operations is defined. The tree of tasks to be solved during the development of the specialized CAD is considered. Approaches to the development of mathematical, informational, linguistic and software tools are proposed. The proposed problem-oriented language for describing the structure of the designed device is considered. An extensible architecture of specialized CAD based on objectoriented database management system is proposed.

Analysis of modern software solutions for creating problem-oriented programming languages

Recent research and publications.Support systems for designing programming languages (SPPMP) as a means to create problem-oriented languages were popularized by Martin Fowler in 2010. Such tools provide efficient design, reuse, and support for languages and their integrated development tools. SPPMPs enable a wide range of engineers to develop new languages and, as a result, create a new level of language engineering where sets of syntactically and semantically integrated languages can be developed with relatively little effort. This can lead to the emergence of programming environments with many paradigms and metalanguages focused on creating a language [2, 3], which can solve important problems of software engineering.The aim of the study. Thus, there is a need to study the effectiveness of existing systems to support the design of programming languages to obtain quality criteria for the design process of problem-oriented programming languages. You also need to find out which design support systems best support the effective development of problem-oriented languages.Main material of the study.To make a qualitative comparison of existing systems for supporting the design of programming languages, it is necessary to define criteria for comparison. We propose to compare these tools according to the requirements that classify the product as modern software. Our main parameters are: the ability to create problem-oriented languages, support for integrated development tools, support for language combination, support for making changes to the created language, providing basic language testing capabilities, integration with other software engineering tools. A separate point that is an indicator of the high level of development of design support systems is the availability of metrics for evaluating the initial result. This feature is absent for classical integrated development tools as their main focus is on software development without domain domain specification. This situation makes any comparison of the resulting products impossible because for a web application the server response in 3 seconds may be too high and for a web platform for processing large data it is the shortest server response time. The criteria described above will be used to evaluate the following SPPMP: tef tcs and emf.Conclusions. The study compares the support systems for designing programming languages that are focused on working with problem-oriented languages. The advantages of these systems are the focus on working with specific areas to describe the notations of programming languages. The systems allow you to create the necessary tools to work with the designed programming languages and provide basic improvements in the design process. The disadvantages of these systems are the lack of similarity in the operation of systems and products that the developer receives at the exit. Another important drawback is the lack of any metrics for assessing the quality of created languages.

Constructive Alignment and Literature Pedagogy: A Study of Application-oriented Teaching Model of Literature Course in Chinese College

Teaching literature to Chinese college students presents an arduous challenge to instructors. The previous analysis clearly demonstrated a proclivity for teacher-centered lecture, preoccupation with text analysis, and a tendency to memorization of the literary knowledge. This study reconceptualizes the teaching of literature course from the perspective of application-oriented education built on constructive alignment. The goals are to clarify the literature teaching objectives and create application-oriented language learning by supporting students' full engagement with literature. The article specifically elaborates the literature pedagogy in terms of teaching objectives, course design, instructional methods, learning tasks and situational assessment under constructive alignment.

Формування компетенцій агентів у багатоагентній системі, орієнтованій на виконання бізнес-операцій

Robotization of the organization-technical systems provides using software bots for each business operation. The software bots functionality related to the executing human will cause the problem of agents’ competency formation in a multi-agent system with orientation on business operations execution. The problem-oriented questionary language is the impotent component of communication process. This language is applied by user (future h-agent) for creating structure and content of competence for defined business operation. And this language is applied for supplying dialogue between h-agent and bot (b-agent). The set of models has been designed for solution of the task of construction of most adequate structure of verbal images system. This verbal images system represents content of business operation and interprets phrase in agents’ dialogue process. Wherefore the set of text processing operators needed for interpretation has been designed. The formal model of phrase interpretation can be used in the process of b-agent learning to getting any role. This formal model is used in the process of mutual functioning of b-agent and human. Also this formal model can be used for any language without implementation of grammar analysis. The specialized service model of organization-technical system for development of information technology for agent competencies formation in a multi-agent system is proposed. This model, unlike the existing ones, is based on the use of an intellectual agent, and includes an agent model, an agent competence model, a set of natural-language interpreting models, and a base of knowledge. In this case designed model can build a controlled multi-agent system for executing business processes with quick adaption to new business operations. The complex of models for the intellectual agent competence formation is offered. This complex, unlike the existing ones, contents the model of questionary language, the conceptual and formal models of phrases interpretation, the model of definition the most important aspects of business operation, and knowledge base. Used knowledge base allows to quickly form various competencies of agents in the dialogue between user and agent with minimal use of programming languages.

Design of computer microarchitecture basing on problem-oriented languages

Design of computer microarchitecture basing on problem-oriented languages

Definition of the Languages XML and RDF of the Semantic Web in the Metalanguage of Normal Forms of Knowledge

This article presents formal text descriptions of the problem-oriented languages XML and RDF, which are the basic languages of the Semantic Web. The availability of such descriptions guarantees the implementability of the XML and RDF languages using an interpreter of the metalanguage of normal forms of knowledge (NFK). It is shown that the expressiveness of the NFK metalanguage in describing the syntaxes of this pair of languages is quite comparable with the expressiveness of EBNF.

Influence of Clinical Communication on Parents' Antibiotic Expectations for Children With Respiratory Tract Infections.

The purpose of this study was to understand clinicians' and parents' perceptions of communication within consultations for respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children and what influence clinician communication had on parents' understanding of antibiotic treatment. We video recorded 60 primary care consultations for children aged 3 months to 12 years who presented with RTI and cough in 6 primary care practices in England. We then used purposive sampling to select 27 parents and 13 clinicians for semistructured video-elicitation interviews. The videos were used as prompts to investigate participants' understanding and views of communication within the consultations. We analyzed the interview data thematically. While clinicians commonly told parents that antibiotics are not effective against viruses, this did not have much impact on parents' beliefs about the need to consult or on their expectations concerning antibiotics. Parents believed that antibiotics were needed to treat more severe illnesses, a belief that was supported by the way clinicians accompanied viral diagnoses with problem-minimizing language and antibiotic prescriptions with more problem-oriented language. Antibiotic prescriptions tended to confirm parents' beliefs about what indicated illness severity, which often took into account the wider impact on a child's life. While parents understood antimicrobial resistance poorly, most held beliefs that supported reduced antibiotic prescribing. A minority attributed it to resource rationing, however. Clinician communication and prescribing behavior confirm parents' beliefs that antibiotics are needed to treat more severe illnesses. Interventions to reduce antibiotic expectations need to address communication within the consultation, prescribing behavior, and lay beliefs.

Генерация тестовых программ для подсистемы управления памятью MIPS64 на основе спецификации

In this paper, a tool for automatically generating test programs for MIPS64 memory management units is described. The solution is based on the MicroTESK framework being developed at the Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The tool consists of two parts: an architecture-independent test program generation core and MIPS64 memory subsystem specifications. Such separation is not a new principle in the area: it is applied in a number of industrial test program generators, including IBM’s Genesys-Pro. The main distinction is in how specifications are represented, what sort of information is extracted from them, and how that information is exploited. In the suggested approach, specifications comprise descriptions of the memory access instructions, loads and stores, and definition of the memory management mechanisms such as translation lookaside buffers, page tables, table lookup units, and caches. A dedicated problem-oriented language, called mmuSL, is used for the task. The tool analyzes the mmuSL specifications and extracts all possible instruction execution paths as well as all possible inter-path dependencies. The extracted information is used to systematically enumerate test programs for a given user-defined test template and allows exhaustively exercising co-execution of the template instructions, including corner cases. Test data for a particular program are generated by using symbolic execution and constraint solving techniques.

Development and application of the problem-oriented language FORTU for the design of non-standard mechanical constructions

This paper introduces a new problem-oriented language FORTU, which allows engineers to easily develop various methods for the design and analysis of non-standard mechanical constructions. It is implemented in the FORTU-FEM Computer-Aided Design (CAD) system which mathematical base is the Finite-Element Method (FEM). Due to using FORTU language, FORTU-FEM has an open architecture and allows its users to change the schema of computation. An example of FORTU-FEM application for computation of the tensional and the deformed states of mechanical constructions is considered.

Using Web Portals to Model and Manage Enterprise Projects

Enterprise content management is quite an issue because of heterogeneity, complexity and size. Moreover, this burden is exponentially growing. In order to efficiently handle the enterprise content, a systematic approach is required, which embraces object-based models and software engineering tools. The paper outlines the approach, and gives the primary attention to the formal models for content management. The formal models are fully supported by problem-oriented languages and CASE level tools. The proposed approach has been extended for application in project integration management. The paper also suggests the method of dynamic modeling of planning and change management processes taking into account particular project constraints, priorities, environment etc. This method is based on ER-model of project structures (WBS, OBS, TRM, network etc.) and the Selective-function Linear resolution for Definite Clause. The resolution procedure defines the sequence of the project structures determination i.e. the management process including inputs and outputs on the basis of specified initial conditions. This method was applied in a consulting project in public management domain. It could be implemented as a web-service for another web-based Enterprise Project Management Systems or as a stand-alone solution with GUI. The approach has been approved by a number of successful enterprise-scale implementations in oil-and-gas industry, public management, trading and banking enterprises, nuclear power plant construction and other areas.

Knowledge and reasoning in design systems

This paper deals with problem-oriented visual languages used for solving design tasks during the conceptual design phase. Visualization of early design solutions by means of visual languages requires an appropriate design knowledge representation in computer systems. The continuation of our method to develop a knowledge-based decision support design system is presented. It consists in connecting a graph-based knowledge representation with a design reasoning method which uses first-order logic formulas. The design diagrams being elements of a visual language are automatically transformed into hierarchical hypergraphs and then information stored in these hypergraph data structures is translated to formulas of the first-order logic forming design knowledge. Modifications of design diagrams cause changes in logic formulas, which can be traced by the designer. The approach is illustrated by examples of designing floor layouts and navigating robots in them.

Concept of inductive programming supporting anthropomorphic information technology

A new original approach to the formalization and implementation methods for the problem of inductive programming is described. This approach makes it possible for the first time to describe a wide range of problems within the given formalization based on examples from the implementation of problem-oriented languages to the development of applied systems with the help of these languages. Methods for passing on "procedure knowledge" that are accepted in information technologies and human communication are discussed and the concept of an "anthropomorphic information technology" is formulated. The general scheme for constructing this system based on the given technology is described. The fundamental role played by the mechanism of partial evaluation in providing the efficiency of implementation and maintenance of the extension mode for inductively specified languages is stressed. An example of inductive specification of a simple programming language and discuss the prospects of using the concept proposed is presented.

System of x-ray identification of substantially multiphase materials

The information storage and retrieval system of x-ray phase identification (ISRS PI) targeted to determination of a substantial phase composition of complex and substantially multicomponent polycrystalline materials by their x-ray diffraction spectra is described. A base element of the system is a problem-oriented operator language of search queries for phase identification (PI). The identification procedure is performed with the use of a graphical interface that provides processing of x-ray powder diffraction patterns, self-programming and fulfillment of queries for PI hidden from the user, and construction of model spectra. The identification possibilities of ISRS PI (Retrieve QQPA) are discussed on the basis of data on the Search-Match Round Robin-2002 Internet competition carried out by the CPD Commission of the International Union of Crystallographers.

Integrated web and telephone service creation

We describe a system for creating, maintaining, and analyzing interactive services that require access from multiple devices. The system augments the infrastructure of the World Wide Web with Mawl, an application-oriented language for specifying form-based services in a device-independent manner, and TelePortal, a software/hardware platform that enables telephone access to Web content via standard interactive voice response (IVR) platforms. Service creators link service logic and presentation with templates written in an extension of the HyperText Markup Language (HTML). HTML is extended with marks for dynamic content (Meta-HTML) and with marks specific to a user interface or access device. Documents to be interpreted by TelePortal are written in the Phone Markup Language (PML). Together, Mawl and TelePortal provide a new way to create integrated services, as well as IVR services. The ability to develop such services in a single environment appears to be unique.

A verification and validation method and its application to digital safety systems in ABWR nuclear power plants

A verification and validation (V&V) method has been developed and applied to newly developed digital safety systems for the first ABWR plant, Kashiwazaki–Kariwa unit No. 6 of the Tokyo Electric Power Company. This paper describes the method and experience gained from its application. The method was developed on the basis of domestic and foreign standards and guidelines, and covers the more concrete procedures required for actual V&V. The application of problem oriented language (POL) helps make the V&V feasible and reliable. A personal-computer-based automatic test tool for the validation test has been developed and utilized. This tool is used to carry out the pre-defined validation test procedure automatically and produce a test report, and it was found to be effective in reducing the time and manpower required for the validation test. The validation test covers dynamic transient tests in which the response of the digital safety system against the simulated design based transients are tested. The tool enables automatic execution of the dynamic test.

CALEB: A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR GEOMETRICAND MATERIAL NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OFOFFSHORE PLATFORMS AND GENERAL FRAMEDSTRUCTURES

CALEB is a nonlinear finite element program for geometric and material nonlinear analysis of offshore platforms and general framed structures. The finite element formulations implemented in CALEB assumes large displacements and small strain. Geometric nonlinearity is taken into account by means of an updated Lagrangian formulation. Material nonlinearity is taken into account by means of an elastic perfectly plastic model derived from plastic hinge theory. Capabilities of CALEB version 1.4, the current release of CALEB, include: pre-processor for mesh refinement, problem-oriented language input, distributed member loads, automatic generation of environmental loads, joint failure check, save/restart procedure, eigenvalue buckling analysis, nonlinear stress analysis, and graphical post- processing. In this paper a brief description of CALEB version 1.4 and of its main features is presented.

ERA: Knowledge Base for Ephemeris and Dynamical Astronomy

AbstractA brief description of a problem-oriented language SLON for ephemeris and dynamical astronomy and a corresponding programming system ERA is given. In the frame of the system the user has easy access to an embedded universal program package to process high precision positional observations of Solar system bodies as well as of artificial Earth satellites.

Portable FORTRAN programming tools in the development of a structural analysis program

This work presents two groups of FORTRAN routines, comprising portable programming tools for the development of structural analysis programs. These tools were applied in the enhancement of the CALEB program for collapse analysis of offshore platforms and general framed structures. The RINCOM (COMmand INterpreter Routines) group of routines was employed to build a pre-processor for CALEB, allowing data to be input in the form of a problem-oriented language; the second group provides facilities for incore memory management. The text details the operations performed by these routines, with the help of the source code listings presented in the Appendices.