Problem Orientation Research Articles

The effects of CPBL + SBAR teaching mode among the nursing students

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of CPBL (Problem Based Learning on Case) combined with SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation) mode in clinical teaching for nursing students. BackgroundClinical internship training is the key step for the nursing education. The clinical thinking ability of Chinese nurses is mostly at the middle or low level. To improve clinical thinking ability, especially critical thinking, is of great significance to the nursing practice education. Methods102 nursing students of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were selected as the participants from June 2018 to September 2019. We applied the CPBL + SBAR mode to the participants during the practice teaching, and conducted questionnaires and semi-structured interview pre- and post-intervention. ResultsAfter intervention, the nursing students' scores of critical thinking ability (311.47 ± 22.67) were higher than those before intervention (289.75 ± 19.94); the total score (69.84 ± 6.217) and scores in four dimensions of positive problem orientation (RPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), avoidance style (AS) and impulse neglect style (ICS) were all lower than that before intervention (75.53 ± 6.09); the score of rational problem solving (RPS) (18.38 ± 2.714) was higher comparing to the that of pre-intervention (17.11 ± 2.20); the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The approval rate of nursing students to the positive effect of CPBL + SBAR teaching mode was from 78.43% to 93.13%. The semi-structured interview suggested that the model was worth promoting, but the implementation duration was limited. ConclusionCPBL + SBAR teaching mode could improve the nursing students' critical thinking and problem-solving ability. The nursing students and teachers' satisfaction to the new teaching mode was high.

Treating Cognitive Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Using EMDR Therapy With Bilateral Alternating Tactile Stimulation

This article reports preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing psychotherapy (EMDR) therapy, applying bilateral alternating tactile stimulation in treating cognitive symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A single-case experimental design was used in seven clinical cases. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire, and Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire were administered at five points during pretreatment (which established the baseline phase serving as each participant's control), at three points during the treatment phase, at the end of it, and at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Each participant received 16 treatment sessions. Visual, statistical, and clinical significance analyses were conducted. The cognitive symptoms treated were: excessive worry, intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive avoidance, and negative orientation to problems. All four cognitive symptoms subsided, with large effect sizes in all cases, between pre- and posttreatment, which can be observed in the visual and statistical analysis of each case. Pre- and post-cognitions are specified in each case. According to the clinical significance analysis, all participants evidenced a change towards an improvement. Finally, evidence is given in favor of the usefulness of EMDR therapy for the treatment of cognitive symptoms in participants diagnosed with GAD. However, these results must be considered cautiously when generalizing data.

Эскпериментальное исследование дифракции упругих волн на модели трещины

Small opening notches are used to simulate cracks in butt welds. The study of the influence of the notch edges orientation on their detectability when using pulse-echo and diffraction methods of ultrasonic testing. It is shown that the processes occurring during the elastic waves scattering on cracks must be modeled by a three-dimensional problem. However, theoretical analytical and numerical studies in this area most often concern two-dimensional problems of elastic waves diffraction, when the target studied edge is located on the acoustic axis of the ultrasound transmitter and / or receiver and is oriented perpendicular to the incident beam. The article presents experimental results illustrating the influence of the target point (edge) orientation in three-dimensional problems on the received signals both when using diffraction schemes of the TOFD type, and in the classical ultrasonic testing by the pulse-echo method according to the "tandem" scheme and with the turn of the transducers according to the "duet ".

“Double Evaluation”-the prerequisite and foundation of the municipal-level land and space master plan

Resources and environment carrying capacity and space development land suitability assessment (after referred to as “double evaluation”) is to recognize the location of natural resources and land space development short board, Highlight the important prerequisites and foundations for the governance and problem orientation of land and space planning in the new era, Played an important role in co-ordinate the three types of layout space to find out the natural resources[1-3], to identify the type of risk, determine the bearing cap and scientific delineation of three control lines, At the same time, it also provides an important starting point for the implementation of monitoring, evaluation and early warning of land and space planning. In order to better support the preparation of land and space planning in the new era, it is necessary to re-examine and re-understand the “double evaluation” work of municipal land and space planning. This article starts with the “Guidelines for the Compilation of Municipal-level Territorial and Spatial Master Plan (Trial)” (hereinafter referred to as “Guide”) for the work requirements of “double evaluation”, through combing and summarizing the existing problems and important difficulties in actual work, from logical transformation and technical mining The “double evaluation” work is summarized and explored from a dual perspective, in order to provide a reference for the preparation of the municipal-level land and space master plan.

Negative Problems Orientation Questionnaire for Chinese Adolescents: Bifactor Model and Measurement Invariance.

The Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ) is a widely used tool for assessing negative problem orientation (NPO). However, its construct and measurement invariance has not been adequately tested in adolescents. The present study explored the possible construct of the NPOQ and its measurement invariance in a sample of 754 Chinese adolescents (51.6% girls, all 12–18 years old). The results supported a bifactor model of the NPOQ that consists of a general factor NPO and three domain-specific factors including perceived threat, self-inefficacy, and negative outcome expectancy. A multiple-group CFA indicated that the bifactor model showed strict invariance across gender and age. The general and domain factors showed unique variance in indexes of worry, depression, anxiety, and stress, which supported well incremental validity of them. This study confirms for a bifactor conceptualization of the NPOQ and its measurement invariance across gender and age in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, it is recommended that the total score should be used to assess NPO in Chinese adolescents.

Financing and Success/Performance of Small Businesses in Serbia

Financing represents a general problem for small enterprises with numerous constraints. Defining the problem of research will eliminate the answer to the following research question: Does the financing of small enterprises, based on the volume and structure, determine business performance, i.e., success? As well as the overall problem orientation of this research, motivation is related to the analysis of business performance, i.e., success of small enterprises in relation to the nature of financing small businesses. It has to be defined 'The idea is to identify and define the role of financing as a factor of competitiveness and performance in small business operations, as the general objective of the paper. Lack of financial resources is one of the most common causes of failure of small enterprises. The main hypothesis is: There is a significant correlation between the volume and structure of sources of financing and the performance of small enterprises. Data: Secondary data from the reference databases (Serbian Business Registers Agency) for 2018, which include 150 cases, serve as the relevant basis for the realization of the research within the adequately set area of the research. Tools will be used to study the relationship, i.e., connectivity of selected research variables based on regression analysis in the frame of parametric quantitative procedures. Business performance variables, measured by indicators of profit and revenue growth, with variables of volume and structure of financing as is equity and % of equity as a structure; measures like time in business, total revenue, total number of employees, represent the size and age of business. Findings point to the conclusion that the volume of financing as well as the participation of own capital contribute to the business performance of small enterprises, which is measured by the most relevant variables in terms of profit and total revenue. Contribution: Based on the facts presented, we can say that all research assumptions have been confirmed, and the presented research results are significant and representative for future managerial practice of small businesses. The key contribution of this research is identification of an optimal financing structure for business performance of small enterprises.

Identifying key features for dementia diagnosis using machine learning

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing dementia is clinically challenging due to substantial heterogeneity in presenting symptoms and underlying pathologies. However, machine learning provides a powerful approach to uncover hidden patterns in complex data that may in turn inform clinical practice.MethodWe used patient data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (versions 1.2 and 2) collected at 35 Alzheimer’s Disease Centers across the United States between September 2005 and February 2015. All 32,573 patients (median age=73 years, 57% female) were assessed according to standardized protocols involving extensive clinical and neuropsychological assessments which resulted in a pool of 260 continuous, binary, ordinal or categorical features. Patients were randomly split 70:30 into training (n=22,801) and test (n=9,772) samples. All‐cause dementia and dementia subtypes (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular, Lewy body, frontotemporal and ‘other’) were diagnosed by either a single clinician or consensus panel using established international criteria. Random forests (Extra‐Trees algorithm) were used to differentiate between all‐cause dementia and no dementia, and between different subtypes, through the construction of an ensemble of decision trees which makes classifications via voting. We used similarity‐based imputation and the missingness incorporated in attributes approach to deal with missing data whilst preserving relationships between variables.ResultThe all‐cause dementia classifier incorporating all 260 features was able to differentiate between dementia and no dementia with an accuracy of 94.2% in the test sample (sensitivity 92.8% and specificity of 95.1%). The most important features related to impaired cognitive domains, particularly judgement, planning or problem solving and orientation, and everyday activities such as home and hobbies, community affairs and difficulty with bills. It was found the performance of the original classifier could be matched with just the 42 most important features. Subtype classifiers ranged in accuracy from 80.8% for frontotemporal dementia versus ‘other’ dementia to 99.4% for Alzheimer’s disease versus vascular dementia. The most important features for differential diagnosis included stroke history, visual hallucinations and Parkinson’s disease.ConclusionMachine learning can be used to uncover hidden patterns in high‐dimensional clinical data and identify the most important characteristics for accurately diagnosing dementia.

Exploration and Practice of "Three-Track Integration" Teaching Method in Modern Enterprise Management Course

The influence of the thinking mode, there is certain limitation on the depth of the teaching content, in a certain lack of diversification of teaching methods, based on this, the research intends to explore the teaching mode under different management module, how to effectively solve the training goal, the linkage mechanism between theoretical knowledge and practical experience. In terms of teaching methods, this paper explores how the three-track teaching method of TBL-PBL-CBL can achieve the objectives of course teaching and talent cultivation by means of team cooperation, problem orientation and case discussion.

COVID-19 infodemic on Chinese social media: A 4P framework, selective review and research directions

During the outbreak of the COVID-19 (2019 coronavirus disease), misinformation related to the virus spread rapidly online and have led to serious difficulties in controlling the disease. The term infodemic is coined to outline the bad effect from the extensive dissemination of misinformation during the outbreak. With regards to this phenomenon, the World Health Organization emphasized the need to fight against infodemic and asked all countries not only to make efforts in slowing down the spread of the COVID-19 but also in countering the risk caused by infodemic. Due to its negative impact, this paper analyzes infodemic on Chinese social media at the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak and presents a 4P framework standing for the four features of Chinese infodemic: Prevention Attention, Problem Orientation, Patterns Interaction and Points Globalization. Furthermore, a selective review of existing datasets in the neural networks domain is synthesized based on the 4P framework. Finally, research directions, including recommendations, about constructing a large-scale dataset for Chinese infodemic automatic detection are proposed.

관광정책연구의 학문적 지향과 과제

This study aimed to reflect on how tourism policy have been studied in Korea and to provide future directions by reviewing previous studies on tourism policy published in the Journal of Tourism Sciences. To achieve the objectives, a meta analysis was performed to examine existing studies on tourism policy from the perspective of policy study orientation, namely, problem orientation, contextuality orientation, and interdisciplinary orientation. Only the articles published between 1991 and 2020 were included in the current analysis to yield relevant outcomes. A total of 55 articles were included in the analysis. The results show that tourism policy studies of the last 30 years do not sufficiently reflect policy study orientation. Therefore, the following implications were proposed. First, more effort should be put toward drawing useful results with problem orientation. Second, collaborative research should be encouraged to strengthen interdisciplinary orientation. Third, more diverse research methods should be applied. Fourth, theoretical studies should be encouraged to improve problem orientation. Fifth, localization of tourism policy studies needs to be increased to enhance contextuality orientation. Sixth, the number of studies on tourism policy should be increased as well as the improvement of their quality. Finally, the perspective of tourism researchers toward tourism policies and related studies should be changed.

OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ SORUNA İLİŞKİN ALGILARI VE YÖNELİMLERİ

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının soruna (probleme) yönelik algılarının ve yönelimlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya okul öncesi öğretmenliği bölümünde farklı sınıflarda okuyan 224 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Araştırmada karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın deseni yakınsayan paralel desendir. Veri toplama araçları, nitel veriler için yazılı dokümanlardan ve nicel veriler için Sorun Yönelimi ölçeğinden oluşmaktadır. Yazılı dokümanlarda “Günlük yaşamda problemler…….gibidir. Çünkü……………..” ifadesini öğretmen adaylarından tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Araştırmada nitel veriler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Nitel veriler “Sosyal Problem Çözme Modeli” çerçevesinde pozitif ve negatif yönelime dayalı temalarla oluşturulmuştur. Bu temaların frekansları alınmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde pozitif ve negatif yönelime dayalı metaforlar üreten öğretmen adaylarının sorun yönelimi ölçeğinden aldıkları puanların ortalamaları alınmış ve puanlar arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına bakıldığında, pozitif yönelime dayalı metaforların sayısı negatif yönelime dayalı olanlardan daha fazladır. Pozitif yönelimine dayalı metafor üreten öğretmen adaylarının sorun yönelimi puanları negatif yönelime dayalı metafor üreten öğretmen adaylarından daha yüksektir. Pozitif yönelime dayalı metaforlar üreten öğretmen adaylarının puanları negatif yönelime yönelik metaforlar üreten öğretmen adaylarından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklıdır.

Individual and group level personality change across the lifespan in dogs

In humans, age-related changes in personality occur in a non-random fashion with respect to their direction, timing, and magnitude. In dogs, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the detailed dynamics of age-related personality changes. We analysed the personality of 217 Border collies aged from 0.5 to 15 years both cross-sectionally and longitudinally using a test battery, to specify age periods when changes most prominently occur, assess the magnitude of changes, and analyse individual differences in personality change. We found that similar to humans, changes in personality occur unevenly during the dogs’ life course, however, their dynamics seems to be specific for each trait. Activity-independence decreased mostly from puppyhood (0.5–1 years) to adolescence (> 1–2 years), then continued to decrease in a slowing rate. Novelty seeking did not change markedly until middle age (> 3–6 years), then showed a steady linear decrease. Problem orientation increased strongly until middle age then showed no marked changes in later age periods. We also revealed individual differences in personality change over time, and showed that a few individuals with potential age-related impairments significantly affected the general age trajectory of some traits. These results raise caution against the over-generalisation of global age trends in dogs.

Investigation of the Effects of Perceived Helicopter Mother Attitude on Self-Esteem and Negative Problem Orientation in University Students

Investigation of the Effects of Perceived Helicopter Mother Attitude on Self-Esteem and Negative Problem Orientation in University Students

Problem Solving Therapy for Home-Hospice Caregivers: A Pilot Study

This pilot study examined the effects of Brief Problem-Solving Therapy on caregiver quality of life, depression, and problem-solving in family caregivers of hospice patients. Thirty-seven family caregivers to home-based hospice patients (mean age 62.8 [SD = 12.32]) were randomized to the study group (PST-Hospice), for a 45 minute per week/5 week intervention or comparison group of usual care plus caregiver education (UC + CE). The severity of depressive symptoms, caregiver quality of life and problem-solving functioning were assessed at baseline and follow-up. At post-test, the PST-Hospice condition had significantly higher scores on caregiver quality of life compared to UC + CE. On the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R) measure, PST-Hospice scores clinically improved as compared to UC + CE on Positive Problem Orientation and Rational Problem-Solving subscales. In addition, this pilot study found that brief problem-solving treatment delivered by a hospice social worker appears to be an acceptable and feasible tool for routine use in the home-hospice setting.

Defining Success in the Commons: Addressing Problem Orientations, Multidimensionality, Norms, and Tradeoffs

Commons and social-ecological systems research examines institutional arrangements for governing natural resources to improve social and ecological outcomes. However, no universal definition of success exists. We examine the CPR and SES synthesis literature to identify trends, gaps and challenges for examining success. We address: (1) gaps in the literature, (2) multidimensionality and tradeoffs, and (3) and the link between problem orientation and definitions of success. To do this we conduct a comprehensive review of Large-N studies, meta-analyses and systematic reviews of CPR and SES governance (n = 45). We found seven dimensions of success, corresponding to collective choice, constitutional and operational levels, temporal dimensions, and socio-economic outcomes. Most studies did not address power and tradeoffs, or specify the social groups to whom success would apply. The majority of studies defined success in one dimension, most often demand-side provisioning (e.g., productivity or biodiversity). A regression analysis suggests that studies on rangelands or grasslands, correlative studies, and/or studies of state property systems (i.e., protected areas) were more likely to use fewer dimensions of success. Problem orientations often did not correlate with dimensions of success considered in a study, suggesting that measures of success often cannot adequately address the full suite of problems recognized in synthesis research. This presents a significant challenge for collective action among scholars who aim to develop general knowledge on SES and CPR governance. We discuss exemplary studies that measure success as multidimensional, address power and tradeoffs, and conclude with four recommendations for advancing the analysis of success.

APPLICATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) WITH MODEL MATERIALS TO IMPROVE MATHEMATICS ABOUT SOLID FIGURES TO FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SDN 1 DANASRI IN ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2019/2020

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Abstract:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The study aimed: (1) to describe the steps of PBL with model materials, (2) to improve mathematics, and (3) to describe the constraints and solutions. It was a collaborative classroom action research (CAR) carried out in three cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects were teachers and 20 students. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and tests. Data analysis included data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that: (1) the steps to the application of PBL with model materials to improve mathematics about solid figures to fifth grade students of SD Negeri 1 Danasri in academic year of 2019/2020 were: (a) examining problem orientation with the model materials, (b) preparing the students to work in groups, (c) having the students to investigate individually or in groups with the help of model materials, (d) having presentation and discussion by using model materials; (e) analyzing and evaluating problem solving process with the help of model materials; (2) the application of PBL with model materials improved mathematics about solid figures. The average percentages of mastery learning were 85% in the first cycle, 90% in the second cycle, and 95% in the third cycle: (3) obstacles in each meeting were (a) a few students used the model materials as tools while learning process and having group discussions, (b) a few students asked questions. The solutions were: (a) the teacher introduced the model materials, (b) the teacher stimulated the students to ask questions.&lt;/em&gt;

System Analysis of the Historical Change of the River Leader System: Based on the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

In the process of implementing the River Leader System, some problems have emerged regarding its progress and effects. From the perspective of historical institutionalism, the historical change process of the River Leader System was revealed in this paper. There were two key nodes in the historical change progress of the River Leader System. In 2014, the river leader system promotion was transferred from the local government to the Ministry of Water Resources. In 2016, the River Leader System was recognized by the central government and implemented nationwide. The historical change process of the River Leader System can be divided into three periods: the creation and formation period, the pilot and diffusion period, and the promotion and strengthening period. The change in the river and lake problems was an important driving force for the historical change of the River Leader System. A path dependent phenomenon was mainly reflected in the policy diffusion scope, problem orientation, main tasks and management methods. At present, there are some shortcomings in the River Leader System, such as a lack of inter-provincial coordination, imperfect evaluation mechanism, poorly coordinated management tasks, and insufficient public participation. To solve these problems, some policy recommendations are put forward. In the short term, the River Leader System will be continuously improved and strengthened. In the long term, it will be transformed into the integrated watershed management system.

Loneliness, social problem solving, and negative affective symptoms: Negative problem orientation as a key mechanism

The goal of this study was to determine if social problem-solving processes, as measured by the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (D'Zurilla, Nezu, & Maydeu-Olivares, 2002), might account for the positive association between loneliness and negative affectively symptoms, namely, anxious and depressive symptoms in a sample of 165 college students. Controlling for gender, we tested a multiple mediation model in which social problem-solving processes were hypothesized to account for the loneliness-negative affective symptoms link. Results of these mediation analyses indicated that negative problem orientation fully mediated the positive association found between loneliness and anxious symptoms. Alternatively, negative problem orientation only partially mediated the positive association found between loneliness and depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that beyond loneliness, it would be useful to consider the role of social problem-solving processes, especially negative problem orientation, in predicting negative affective symptoms. Accordingly, our findings point to the usefulness of interventions that not only target reducing loneliness, but also reducing negative problem orientation in adults, in efforts to thwart the development of negative affective symptoms.

Blended Teaching Mode of Art Course based on Objective Achievement Scale

To solve the problems of students’ lack of initiative, inadequacy in research on teaching theories, and imperfection of curriculum evaluation system in the teaching of art course, a new blended teaching mode was built in this study by extracting the advantages of Team-Based Learning (TBL), Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Case-Based Learning (CBL) in accordance with the teaching characteristics of art course and students’ cognitive competence. This mode is designed to focus on teamwork, problem orientation and case analysis in teaching link. This teaching mode consists of online and offline modules, via which teacher releases course materials and assigns classroom tasks and students read the course materials and fulfill tasks online, and students make report on study in the form of group and teacher gives feedback and evaluations offline. An objective achievement scale model with five educational objectives set on the basis of Borich Needs Assessment Model (BNAM) was designed based on development planning and teaching orientation of art course, socio-economic development and job requirements and questionnaire survey on graduates. The conclusion shows that the blended teaching model performs better than conventional teaching model in improving students’ academic performance and promoting class enthusiasm and satisfaction with course. With the objective achievement scale model, quantitative evaluation of teaching efficiency can be realized from point, line and plane perspectives, facilitating educators in customizing proper student training program.

Defining the Contextual Problem List.

The Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR) is considered a key charting method to support clinical care. Although not uniformly represented amongst digital health systems, this paper presents a clinical model to represent multiple clinical perspectives from a single problem list. The contextual problem list model is defined according to primary diagnosis, comorbidities and problems arising from the primary condition. It is represented within the patient record as a single composition according to the prescribed context. The model pattern could help alleviate the traditional criticisms of paper and digitally based problem records.