Systematic Problems Research Articles

The main directions of studying terminological vocabulary

The article is devoted to one of the poorly studied problems of terminology systematics. The interest in this problem can be explained by the fact that it is associated with the question of the organization of scientific knowledge. From these positions, we consider the consistency of terminology as one of the ways to study thinking. Traditionally, the problem of the systematic nature of the term was studied in relation to the concept of structuralism. The main criterion was the degree of organization of the term set. The structure was associated with a lower level of organization, and the system was characterized by a higher level of organization. The traditional views on consistency have proved to be unproductive, since they have not found significant confirmation in the analysis of practical material. In this article, we make an attempt to develop the concept of the main directions of studying terminological vocabulary and fill it with content related to the methodological and cognitive aspects of studying the term.

Analysis and Countermeasures of higher education supply under the background of sustainable development

With the sustainable development of economy and society and the acceleration of the popularization of higher education, Henan Province, as a big province of education, has developed rapidly, but it also has some drawbacks. As an important mission of higher education, the supply of higher education is a systematic problem with regularity, which is closely related to the regional social and economic development. The problems of higher education supply seriously affect the energy of higher education. Based on this, this paper takes the supply of higher education as the starting point. On the basis of sorting out the current situation and problems of the supply evolution of undergraduate colleges in Henan Province, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve the effective supply of higher education in Henan Province. This has a certain theoretical and practical significance to promote the effective supply of higher education in Henan Province and improve the supply quality of higher education in Henan Province.

К истории изучения русской мемуарной литературы XVII–XVIII вв.: проблема систематизации

The article focuses on the historiography of Russian memoir literature of the 17th– 18th centuries. The authors turned to general studies in humanities (literary, historical, cultural, and philosophical) which discuss theoretical problems of classification and internal systematization of the varieties of memoir literature. The evolution of the terminological apparatus used within memoir studies is shown separately. A special aspect, reflected in the article, concerns attention of the researchers to the manuscript culture and the existence of monuments of memoir literature within this culture. Considering the history of the question chronologically, the authors of the article identify several periods, describe major research schools within the framework of traditional research, and discuss the studies in the field of the “new” methodological paradigm. Addressing the problem of classification in historiography demonstrates the need for further study of key problems in the memoir studies. In conclusion, the authors identify perspective direction towards creating adequate principles of classification, defining genre delimitations and criteria for selecting memoir monuments that exist in the manuscript tradition.

Improvement of the Computing and Geoinformation System in terms of creating maps with detailed settlements

The article is devoted to refinement (improvement) of the Computing and geoinformation System to create maps with detailed settlements in different regions for visual analyzing their energy infrastructure. The problem of visualization and systematization of cartographic data is being solved. An interface has been developed for constructing interactive maps and navigation in any section of the world atlas. The technology of graphical and cartographic data visualization using the concept of atlas cartography is developed. This concept implies the display of an interactive geographic map of any region of the world at any scale, created in the unified structure and coordinate system, with the layers of raster and vector data and the energy infrastructure applied on it. The data overlaid on the map can be energy facilities (power plants), electric power systems, and data obtained as the results of calculations on the optimization model (not described in this paper).

A novel clutch coupled drive design for rectification of odometry error: a comparative experimental study

Traversing alignment including straight path motion has been one of the major issues in wheeled mobile robots (WMR). Numerous electronic solutions devised to address the precision issues in locomotion lack to account for the mechanical inadequacy from where the error arises. The issue remains when the WMR is made to follow a route over a longer range as the time accumulated deduced (dead) reckoning error produces enough effect in the action that deviates the WMR from the intended route. The WMR thus suffers from systematic odometry problem and fails to actuate through required trajectory in absence of feedback. Fabrication and controlling of a stupendous design for attaining mechanically synchronised drive and to contribute a cost and energy efficient mechanical structure, independent of complicated sensory feedback and algorithm-based control systems is the superior goal of this research. This publication covers a comparative experimental analysis of conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, an in-practice algorithmic solution, with the suggested design.

Role of the stock market in financing innovation and investment projects

The article discusses the problems of systematization of factors influencing the formation of the stocks market, especially its organization, the role of inflation in the functioning of the market, reflects the system of financing participants in the stocks market. In particular, special attention was paid to the banking sector, emphasizing its important role in the development and functioning of the stocks market.

СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЯ ТА АНАЛІЗ ПРАЦЬ, ПРИСВЯЧЕНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЮ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЕТНІЧНИХ МЕЖ

The article attempts to systematize and analyze scientific works devoted to the study of the Ukrainian ethnic boundaries. It is worth noting that the study of the Ukrainian ethnic boundaries is one of the most debatable today, because shortly after the formation of the first concepts of ethnogenesis of Ukrainians historiographical generalizations of this problem began to form, which were built mainly in the forms of criticism of views of different historiographical schools on the settlement of Ukrainian people. Today, one of the most acute problems in the study of Ukrainian ethnic boundaries is the systematization and analysis of historiographical achievements of scholars. It has become one of the most complex and controversial in domestic scientific and historical thought. Although the problem of the origin of the Ukrainian ethnos and the early stages of the ethnogenesis of the Ukrainian nation has been actively studied by various researchers for more than a century and a half, this issue needs further elaboration. But why is the issue of resettlement of the Ukrainian ethnic group and analysis of scientific works devoted to this issue gaining its peak right now? Currently, the study and analysis of this topic is extremely important, because due to the fruitful study and comprehensive analysis of the problem of resettlement of the Ukrainian nation, the future generation will form a clearer understanding of the sources of Ukrainian ethnogenesis, traditions and customs, cultural identification, national traits, patriotism, representation of Ukrainian nation in the world historical and political arena, etc. After the proclamation of Independence of Ukraine, there was a need in society to search for historical sources of national identity. This led to the active emergence of new or popularization of existing ethnogenetic concepts. Most of them fall under the concept of quasi-scientific because of their doubts about the original sources and a fairly free interpretation of historical phenomena and events. The West and the East of Ukraine are characterized by completely opposite attitudes to the same events and historical figures. Public authorities need to pay close attention to the development of a national idea, the search for national symbols and leaders. The article reveals the problems of systematization of scientific works devoted to the study of the Ukrainian ethnic boundaries, as well as analyzes the ethnic components of the formation of Ukrainian culture.

Development of software for analysis of indicators of spatial development of a complicated subject territory

The article is devoted to the description of the created software package that allows the user to solve a number of problems of systematization and primary processing of a large volume of spatial data on three subjects of the Tyumen region included in the statistical register of Rosstat for a given monitoring period in order to calculate and analyze indicators of the spatial development of the territory of the “Greater Tyumen region”

Problems of systematization of sources of insurance law

Problems of systematization of sources of insurance law

Толерантность к неопределенности как предиктор стратегии адаптации в условиях пандемии COVID-19 студентов-психологов

The aim of the study is to identify the correlation between tolerance/intolerance to uncertainty with coping strategies and mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual in the conditions of adaptation to situations with a high degree of uncertainty associated with the coronavirus pandemic. A positive correlation was established between tolerance to uncertainty and the protective mechanisms of “humor” and “compensation”, and a negative correlation with the mechanism of “omnipotent control”. Increasing the level of tolerance to uncertainty entails: 1) increased levels of regression and withdrawal in uncertain situations; 2) reduced readiness for systematic problem solving and the emergence of an inability to separate emotions about the situation from its cognitive solution; 3) reduced ability to enter into active opposition with uncertainty, reduced ability to humor and positive reassessment of an uncertain situation. In addition, an increase in the level of interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty leads to an increase in the defense mechanisms and used coping strategies (passive aggression, dissociation, projection, displacement, substitution, distancing, etc.), which clearly indicates the perception of an uncertain situation by such students as extremely difficult, threatening, negative. Thus, tolerance to uncertainty is a significant resource for adaptive living by a person in the conditions of uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students with a high interpersonal tolerance to uncertainty are the most vulnerable to the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The practical significance of the study is in the need to form the ability to constructive activity in conditions of uncertainty, which can be implemented in the process of training interventions. Further research may be based on considering the relationship between tolerance to uncertainty and other factors of adaptation to the conditions of uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of the study is associated with the scarcity of works on the assessment of adaptive resources of the individual in the conditions of uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Wasting less food: smart mass customisation of food provision

With as much as one third of all food wasted, the highly reported environmental footprint of global food supply provides an urgent driver for changes to be made to food provision and consumption. In developed countries the main point of waste generation is at the consumption level (typically over half of the waste by mass), but it is too easy to attribute the problem to consumer behavior \– it is a systematic problem of the entire supply chain. This current research addresses the issues of supply and demand balancing, down to the consumer level, through the development of a product service system (PSS) that enables consumers to better plan and purchase items for consumption. As part of the PSS, an inventory management system allows intelligent and highly convenient purchasing based on available food (e.g. leftover inventory from the previous week) and on consumer preferences and requirements. This agile planning is based on an artificial intelligence driven system. In this respect, a smart platform is conceptualized to automatically match recipes from an existing database with available ingredients via machine learning, with the aim of providing solutions in terms of shopping order recommendations for the following week. This mass customization of food supply further enables producers and providers to manage demand by promoting or restricting foodstuffs that are in excess or limited supply, respectively. The platform thus allows reduction of food waste at the consumer level and further up the supply chain. This paper demonstrates the need for better matching of supply and demand within the food supply chain, describes the basis for a PSS for food provision including optimization of recipe selection. A case study is developed to exemplify how the proposed platform could be implemented within modern commerce systems.

Virtual reality as a main basis for forming modern educational technologies

In the work from the position of modern pedagogical science, a number of difficulties (risks) associated with the use of virtual reality for educational purposes are considered. The practical significance of the results lies in solving the problem under study, which formulates general provisions on the specifics of VR as a method and means of education, notes the growth of digital educational technologies and the wide potential for their application in the future. Virtual reality in education is used as the information space, in which the student can not only obtain the necessary information, but also enter into the contact with the fictitious objects. Sinking (immersion) into the educational medium helps students to acquire the habits of interaction with the virtual objects, to develop methods of collective collaboration and to find confidence in the course presentation of its own projects. The process of creating the resources with the elements of interactivity, and also the selection of the necessary instrument means is a technological and a systematic problem for the teachers, who are mastering new information technologies. The purpose of the article is construction and substantiation of the effectiveness of the model of the use of technologies of virtual reality in the course of the instruction of schoolchildren in the system of additional formation.

Consensual Punishment

In the present study we scrutinize the historical development of a remarkable strategy to justify state punishment, conceived in the philosophy of the Enlightenment: the argument from the consent of the offender. We follow the development of this argument and its variants from Grotius to Hegel. Our particular interest lies in ascriptions of purely fictitious mental states to justify palpable moral or legal reactions. This investigation opens up a specific and illuminating perspective on the legal-philosophical theories of the investigated authors and their conceptual connections. In that way it also helps to properly grasp important aspects of the systematic problem of criminal justice.

Diverse phylogenomic datasets uncover a concordant scenario of laurasiatherian interordinal relationships

Resolving the interordinal relationships in the mammalian superorder Laurasiatheria has been among the most intractable problems in higher-level mammalian systematics, with many conflicting hypotheses having been proposed. The present study collected three different sources of genome-scale data with comprehensive taxon sampling of laurasiatherian species, including two protein-coding datasets (4,186 protein-coding genes for an amino acid dataset comprising 2,761,247 amino acid residues and a nucleotide dataset comprising 5,516,340 nucleotides from 1st and 2nd codon positions), an intronic dataset (1,210 introns comprising 1,162,723 nucleotides) and an ultraconserved elements (UCEs) dataset (1,246 UCEs comprising 1,946,472 nucleotides) from 40 species representing all six laurasiatherian orders and 7 non-laurasiatherian outgroups. Remarkably, phylogenetic trees reconstructed with the four datasets using different tree-building methods (RAxML, FastTree, ASTRAL and MP-EST) all supported the relationship (Eulipotyphla, (Chiroptera, ((Carnivora, Pholidota), (Cetartiodactyla, Perissodactyla)))). We find a resolution of interordinal relationships of Laurasiatheria among all types of markers used in the present study, and the likelihood ratio tests for tree comparisons confirmed that the present tree topology is the optimal hypothesis compared to other examined hypotheses. Jackknifing subsampling analyses demonstrate that the results of laurasiatherian tree reconstruction varied with the number of loci and ordinal representatives used, which are likely the two main contributors to phylogenetic disagreements of Laurasiatheria seen in previous studies. Our study provides significant insight into laurasiatherian evolution, and moreover, an important methodological strategy and reference for resolving phylogenies of adaptive radiation, which have been a long-standing challenge in the field of phylogenetics.

Sobre a unidade da filosofia de Schelling: uma perspectiva sistemática com base no método construtivo (1801-1810)

O objetivo deste trabalho é argumentar que há uma unidade entre os textos considerados pertencentes à parte real e à parte ideal da filosofia de Schelling. Assim, demonstraremos que a principal crítica desferida ao seu sistema da identidade, de não conceber a subsistência do finito em meio ao Absoluto, não se apresentava como um problema sistemático. Pelo contrário, desde o início, pode ser considerada incorporada, não como problema que poderia ser resolvido mediante uma argumentação mais consistente, mas como fundamento de sua filosofia, seja ela da identidade ou liberdade. Isso poderá ser percebido à luz da ideia do Absoluto como meio onde, cientificamente, na parte real, todas as construções eram realizadas e, na parte ideal, sua essência apresentada como vontade de extrapolação do fundo ao qual todas as coisas finitas estavam submetidas mediante sua forma de ser.

Dealing with Mental Health in Online Learning: A Retrospect on ELT Teachers and EFL Learners during COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper intends to depict the mental health of English Language Teaching (ELT) teachers and English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners at a tertiary level during the COVID-19 pandemic. The educational boards across the globe have been forced to transition to smart classrooms, digital platforms, and effective teacher training programs in online delivery methods. In Bangladesh, the networking system and the management system are being run with care to ensure online classes at tertiary levels. This study showed how ELT teachers and EFL learners experience diverse and innumerable inconveniences due to geographical locations, finance and other systematic online education problems during the pandemic. The study found results which showed what makes them susceptible to anxiety, frustration, depression, which injure their mental health. Getting habituated to new study techniques, cooperating with the lack of laboratories and other required study materials, network connectivity problems, and the harshness of COVID-19 make their living challenging and unneeded mental stress. Quantitative data has been collected through Google questionnaire, and qualitative data has been collected through semi-structured interviews over telephone and online messaging. The results showed that despite continually searching for a way to overcome various troubles, teachers and students get drown into worsening mental health.

From wrong word to right word: Equipping ELLs to make correct semantic choices independently

AbstractChoosing the right word to express meaning can be a challenge for English language learners (ELLs) in both English as second language and English as a foreign language settings, persisting through all proficiency levels in productive language use for several reasons. In order to make correct word choices, ELLs must master the various aspects of a word, including potential multiple meanings, register, connotation, collocation, and other usage aspects. However, learners are typically taught only surface‐level skills for using a dictionary or thesaurus but not the deeper skills for systematically solving semantic errors. To help instructors effectively plan instruction to teach ELLs these skills, this conceptual article introduces a six‐step semantic problem‐solving model for both guiding ELLs in solving semantic choice problems and helping teachers plan instruction. Charts of metalexicographical knowledge, skills, and strategies and of various semantic reference resources with their strengths and weaknesses are included along with a demonstration of how this model can guide ELLs in solving a specific semantic problem. The model in its entirety is most suitable for high school or college ELLs with intermediate proficiency and above. Teachers of younger or lower proficiency learners may simplify this model to gradually build the foundation for systematic semantic problem solving.

3D modeling in the studies of the portable art geometrical images of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eastern Europe

One of the plots of the portable art forms of Eastern Europe is abstract, geometric, symbolic images that cannot be deciphered directly. Most of the currently known such geometric images from the archaeological sites of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eastern Europe were applied to finished bone products — tools, weapons, household and non-utilitarian items, as well as bones of various animals without traces of processing using various cutting techniques. The bone is well preserved in the cultural layers of the sites of the late Pleistocene — early Holocene of the Russian Plain, which makes objects from this material an important source for the study of geometric images. However, despite the richness of the source base, the problem of classification and systematization of geometric images in the art of small forms remains poorly developed. The purpose of the article is to consider the issues of practical application of three-dimensional 3D modeling in the study of art objects of small forms of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. The authors describe the practice of photographing such objects and the peculiarities of the lighting schemes and camera positioning, developed taking into account the specifics of the geometry and material of the documented objects. The minimal technical requirements for the resolution of the models have been determined, which provide the possibility of using visualization algorithms to study fine engravings on bone and stone. The practical application of mathematical visualization algorithms both directly on polygonal models and on height maps built on their basis is described. A method for visualizing and systematizing research results and providing remote access to them using modern web technologies is proposed.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving Sistematis terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Dasar 2 Materi Listrik Arus Searah pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of systematic problem solving learning models on basic physics learning outcomes 2. Based on the hypothesis proposed in this study, there is an effect of systematic problem solving learning models on basic physics learning outcomes 2. This research was conducted in the Physics Education Study Program. FKIP UHAMKA. The method used in this research is the experimental method. With the target population in this study were all students of the Physics Education Study Program FKIP UHAMKA, while the affordable population was semester 2 students. The sample was taken randomly (random sampling) by taking 20 students from semester 2 students. The design used in the study was one group pretest-posttest design. The data collection technique used a research instrument in the form of a written test (paper and pencil test), namely a description of 15 questions. Based on the hypothesis test using the t test, the t count was 2.78. While t table is obtained from table t with a significance level of α = 0.05 and degrees of freedom (dk) = 20, which is 1.725. Because tcount> ttable 2.78> 1.725, H0 is rejected. This H1 is accepted, which states that there is an effect of systematic problem solving learning models on student physics learning outcomes on direct current material.

How Late Does Your Flight Depart? A Quantile Regression Approach for a Chinese Case Study

Flight departure delays cost airlines and airports millions of dollars and become a systematic problem. The on-time performance at an airport is connected to and easily affected by delay propagation from previous operations of flights using the airport. In this paper, we employ both Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and quantile regressions to investigate the impact of various influencing factors on flight departure delay. By using historical flight records and weather information, the impacts of delay propagation-related and other factors are quantified to study the correlations between the explanatory and response variables. Three variables, including previous arrival delay, turnaround buffer time, and the first order of a day, are used to examine the propagation effects. We find that aircraft type, flying on a weekday, and being the first flight of a day have significant impacts on short departure delays. Ground buffer is conducive to mitigating delay propagation. For long delays, however, ground buffer cannot work in an efficient way, and the previous arrival effect is more important. Convective weather and aircraft type are the crucial factors in this situation. Interestingly, flying on a weekday suddenly becomes one of the main components under extreme delays. Meanwhile, propagated delay and airport congestion remain significantly impactful on the on-time performance.