Problems Of Socio-economic Development Research Articles

FORMING OF SYSTEM OF INDEXES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBDIVISIONS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT

Purpose. The conducted analysis of home and foreign literature shows that a problem of choice of indexes of sustainable development, from one side, is actual and is in the spotlight of scientists, and on the other hand, the methodical and theoretical base of forming of the system of indexes of sustainable development of enterprise is worked not enough out in existent scientific researches. An aim hired is development of the system of indexes of sustainable development of subdivisions of railway transport, for the further construction of mathematical models of functioning of subdivisions of railway transport from position of sustainable development. Methodology. The concept of sustainable development of a transport sector opens up for the achievement of the put aim. Under that such development, that is able to provide on a prospect the balanced decision of problems of socio-economic development, reduction of negative influence on an environment, is understood, and also providing introduction of resources-saving technologies the real and future necessities of different industries and spheres of human activity. As an index that characterizes development of subdivisions of railway transport in the direction of saving of resources it is suggested to use the integral criterion of efficiency; the ecological constituent of sustainable development of subdivisions of railway transport it is suggested to estimate on the basis of indexes that represent the changes over of extrass of contaminents in an atmosphere and noise contamination of environment brought to the money equivalent; the social constituent of process of functioning of subdivisions of railway transport is appraised directly by the sum of the money withholdings on events on the increase of salary of workers of subdivisions, and also on the social programs and programs on educating of workers of subdivisions, and also the index of development in the direction of upgrading of service was taken into account. Findings. As a result of forming of the system of indexes of sustainable development of subdivisions of railway transport an integral index that reflects basic principle of sustainable development was got. Originality. New approach offers on development of the system of indexes that characterize steady development of subdivisions of railway transport. Practical value. Structural reform of railway transport of Ukraine, that is conducted presently, requires the decision of task of increase of efficiency of work of industry in the earliest possible dates. An offer system of indexes, that characterizes sustainable development of subdivisions of railway transport, allows to estimate efficiency of functioning of subdivisions of railway transport from position of sustainable development is introduction of resources-saving technologies, decline of influence of the techno genic system on an environment, providing, and also upgrading of service of customers the social constituent of development.

Using of Renewable Resources as the Stabilizing Instrument of Global Security

This paper deals with issue of increasing of using the renewable resources as the stabilizing tool in relation to the world security. In this paper, there are identified and described basic critical issues of recent world security. Moreover there is a definition of wide seized security. After depicting of the basic problems of the world security there are deeper analyzed issue of oil deposits state and their diversification as a security problem as well as the problem of socio-economic development. This is followed by the security risk analysis related to the drink water world reserves. In further text there are characterized some scenarios of future security and socio-economic development related to the impact of possible lack of oil and water in world economics. This is followed by the characteristics of recent consumption of renewables within the primary energetic consumption, as well as by description of the stabilizing effects of increasing of using of renewables to the global security and socio-economic development.

Общая концепция системы управления регионом

The article covers the issues concerning the development of a framework concept for the system of management. The authors prove that the problem of socio-economic development of a region is to be
 
 considered from the perspective of a systemic approach principles and methods, viewing regions as an integral socio-economic system, whose subsystems include the state subsystem (with regions regarded as constituent entities of the federation), municipal formations, and a range of private and legal entities. The authors identify the major objectives of region management and consider ways of aligning the social and economic development of regions by overcoming the existing inter-regional disproportions. The framework concept, as proposed by the authors, is to recognize the economic development of a region, the development of the major constituents of the regional complex, and the region´s social development. Special attention is paid to the issues of implementing the investment policy and substantiating the staged of its implementation. Planning the investment activity, involving the rationale for long-term and medium-term goals of the investment process, as well as ways to achieve the goals, is seen as a vital element of investment policy.

Complex forecast of scientific and technological development: Experience and lessons learned

This paper reviews the development conditions and the results of the “Complex Program for Scientific and Technological Progress” and its impact on the economy of the former Soviet Union. The impact of the implementation results on the development of the market economy in Russia is analyzed. Problems partly resolved under the complex program are outlined. It is shown that many outstanding scientific-technological and socioeconomic development problems are due to the characteristics of the applied economic models. Limitations of the current market model of the economy oriented towards the export of natural resources are highlighted. Possibilities and conditions required for a transition from the resource-oriented growth model to the innovation-based development paradigm are presented.

Современное состояние рынка труда и занятости населения Приморского края

The ability to effectively manage power, providing the innovative development of the Russian Federation, and to create favorable conditions for the life of its citizens, to open up new opportunities for the development of human potential in Russia. Today, it is quite clear that no reforms, even the most well-designed laws, strict ordinances, subject disposition, clever concept and long-term projects will be implemented and will remain on paper, if not radically change the attitude to the perennial problem, the so-called «human factor» or to the managerial staff. The authors based on official statistics and examine the current state of the labor market structure and employment of Primorsky Krai. The problems of population decline, falling birth rates, low life expectancy, migration, youth policy, imbalances in the labor market, etc. Primorye is an outpost of Russia in the Asia-Pacific Region (APR), has unique natural resources, well-developed economy, which, combined with evidence-based strategy for human resources policy will solve the complex problems of socio-economic development of the region. The demographic situation in Primorye significant influence on the development prospects of the labor market and the social support of the population. The results of this study could form the basis of the concept and strategy of the personnel policy of Primorye Territory in order to improve the socio-economic development and competitiveness in a market economy.

Komi Republic at the border of the XX and XXI centuries (the problems of socio-economic development)

The paper analyzes the problems of socio-economic development of the Komi Republic in the first decade of the XXI century. The pass through problems (demographic crisis, aging of the fixed assets, disproportions of reproduction) and new problems related to the reorganization of the property management systems and the production, differentiation of people’s incomes and expenditures, violation of the principles of economic federalism and financial crisis are highlighted. Solving of these problems is linked to the innovative development of the productive forces of the republic and the strengthening of interregional economic integration.

Role of interregional partnership in socioeconomic developing of region

The consideration in the article is given to similar socioeconomic development problems of regions of Russia and Mongolia caused by raw orientation of their economies. The recommendations are suggested concerning solving these problems due to international economic integrating between two countries given. Significant attention is paid to developing of model of interregional (trans-border) partnership as of primary cooperation level.

Šiuolaikiniai mokslo plėtros instrumentai: pasaulio patirtis ir pamokos

Daugeliui pasaulio šalių būdingą mokslo tyrimų fragmentaciją, dubliavimą, silpnoką sąsają su verslu ir viešuoju sektoriumi, atotrūkį nuo tiesioginių ekonominės ir socialinės raidos poreikių vis dažniau mėginama įveikti diegiant naujas pažangias institucines mokslo organizacijas: kompetencijos centrus, kompetencijos tinklus ir pažangių tyrimų institutus. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami šių inovatyvių mokslo plėtros institucinių instrumentų kūrimo tikslai ir motyvai, esminiai jų bruožai ir konkrečios veikimo formos, apžvelgiama nacionalinė įvairių šalių ir regionų patirtis juos kuriant ir plėtojant. Analizuojami kompetencijos centrų bei tinklų ir pažangių tyrimų institutų panašumai ir skirtumai, pabrėžiamas šių mokslo plėtros instrumentų komplementarumas. Straipsnis baigiamas trumpa kritine Lietuvos mokslo dabartinės būklės apžvalga ir situacijos gerinimo galimybių įvertinimu.

An Anthropological Approach to Socioeconomic Factors of Development: The Case of Zaire

An anthropological study of Zaire's clan structures plays a valuable role in the acquisition of information that is essential to rural development planning in that country. In the final analysis, clan relationships give rise to socioeconomic and cultural behaviour patterns that are at variance with behaviour in a modern type of economy, which is geared to the profit of the individual. The organization of work, of production, and of profit distrition and the concepts of savings and reinvestment contrast significantly with clan practices. Although clan structures constitute only one of many systems of social interaction or association, in the light of the socioeconomic effects observed in this example the anthropological approach can be used to point up obstacles as well as incentives inherent in a given society in confronting problems of socioeconomic development. Nevertheless, the importance of careful study of the populations concerned in undertaking local development and its planning should not overshadow the facts that the techniques to be applied must also be selected in accordance with the potentials and limitations of local populations and that the political intent of development of the responsible national leadership must be evolved with all possible regard for the people involved and their real interests and objectives.