Settlement Problems Research Articles

A numerical method for calculating the long-term settlement of three-dimensional subgrade under numerous traffic loads

Settlement problems caused by various traffic loads significantly impact infrastructure sustainability. Accurately predicting the long-term settlement of subgrade is crucial for improving infrastructure resilience. This study determined the element strain of soil using an explicit strain model, based on the bounding surface model and associated flow rules. Using the method of generalized shear strain equivalent, a cyclic cumulative factor is proposed for determining the magnitude of cumulative strain increment. The direction of plastic strain increment was determined using the bounding surface model combined with associated flow rules. A cumulative strain calculation method integrating the bounding surface and explicit strain models under general stress states was established. This computational method, combined with equivalent finite elements, can be used for calculating the long-term settlement of three-dimensional subgrade under numerous cyclic loads at general stress states through a user-defined subroutine provided by the commercial finite element modeling (FEM) software. The reliability of the method was verified through unit tests.

Application of material point method in modeling soil-geosynthetics interactions-a literature survey

The material point method (MPM) has garnered significant attention in recent years owing to its advantages in solving soil–water-structure interaction problems involving large deformations in geotechnical engineering. The MPM combines the benefits of point-based and mesh-based approaches (finite element method) with both Eulerian computational mesh and continuum descriptions of materials. The successful integration of MPM in simulated landslides, internal erosion, and excavation has been frequently reported. However, solving the soil–geosynthetic interaction problem with the MPM has not been explored, although such problems often entail large deformations. The goal of this study is to collate studies on the simulation of geosynthetics and their interactions with soil using MPM. This paper first discusses the basics of MPM and the formation of thin membrane materials using MPM. It also includes limited applications of MPM in simulating soil–geosynthetic interactions. The applications demonstrate that the MPM is particularly effective in resolving large deformation problems associated with geosynthetics, including problems of landfill settlement, reinforced-slope stability, and geocontainer dropping.

Flood Analysis on Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi

Tempe Lake is one of the largest lakes in Wajo, Sopen, and Siddenreng Rappang in southern Sulawesi. Lake Tempe is the reservoir of his five major rivers: Bilokka, Lidaratangu, Masaka, Siddenreng, Bira and Walane. The lake offers many benefits to the community such as securing water resources, flood control, agriculture, fishing, and tourism. However, approximately 20–40 cm of silt is produced annually. This can cause flooding in the surrounding areas. Therefore, the restoration of Lake Tempe is necessary to mitigate flooding caused by continuous sedimentation. The Department of Public Works and Housing has developed a phased dredging plan to improve the capacity of Lake Tempe. Later, as no disposal sites were available, dredged materials were used to build several artificial islands along the perimeter of the lake. After the reconstruction project was completed, two major floods occurred, overtopping embankments. Therefore, the design analysis of embankments is required. Analysis indicates that two flood events occur, with a 20-year return period flood and a 50-year return period flood at elevations of 8.36 m and 9.2 m. From hydraulic analysis it is found that flood embankment height of 10 m is overtopped by water level of total 9.56 m and 10.4 m respectively because of wave run up. For a 20-year return period, there is an indication that slope stability and settlement problems affect flood events. It can be concluded that flood problems occur because of extreme events and the failure of flood embankments due to overtopping.

Wide-Area Subsidence Monitoring and Analysis Using Time-Series InSAR Technology: A Case Study of the Turpan Basin

Ground subsidence often occurs over a large area. Although traditional monitoring methods have high accuracy, they cannot perform wide-area ground deformation monitoring. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) technology utilizes phase information in SAR images to extract surface deformation information in a low-cost, large-scale, high-precision, and high-efficiency manner. With the increasing availability of SAR satellite data and the rapid development of InSAR technology, it provides the possibility for wide-area ground deformation monitoring using InSAR technology. Traditional time-series InSAR methods have cumbersome processing procedures, have large computational requirements, and rely heavily on manual intervention, resulting in relatively low efficiency. This study proposes a strategy for wide-area InSAR multi-scale deformation monitoring to address this issue. The strategy first rapidly acquires ground deformation information using Stacking technology, then identifies the main subsidence areas by setting deformation rate thresholds and visual interpretation, and finally employs advanced TS-InSAR technology to obtain detailed deformation time series for the main subsidence areas. The Turpan Basin in Xinjiang, China, was selected as the study area (7474.50 km2) to validate the proposed method. The results are as follows: (1) The basin is generally stable, but there is ground subsidence in the southern plain area, mainly affecting farmland. (2) From 2016 to 2019, the maximum subsidence rate in the farmland area was approximately 0.13 m/yr, with a maximum cumulative subsidence of about 0.25 m, affecting a total area of approximately 952.49 km2. The subsidence mainly occurred from late spring to mid-autumn, while lifting or subsidence mitigation occurred from late autumn to early spring. The study also analyzed the impacts of rainfall, geographical environment, and human activities on subsidence and found that multiple factors, including water resource reduction, overexploitation, geological characteristics, and the expansion of human activities, contributed to the subsidence problem in the Turpan Basin. This method contributes to wide-area InSAR deformation monitoring and the application of InSAR technology in engineering.

Study on Pile Bearing Capacity Improvement in Soft Soil After Vacuum Consolidation

The main problem in developing property over soft soil is significant settlement due to the consolidation process. The soil settlement, which will occur gradually throughout the years, will disrupt existing infrastructures, in this case bridges. To mitigate this issue, the common method is by speeding up the consolidation. The consolidation process must be sped up to avoid the differential settlement problem at the bridge abutments. Due to the limited supply of fill material, a vacuum consolidation method is adopted. In this method, a Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) is installed, and a vacuum is applied to impose pressure as preloading. Because of the consolidation process, theoretically, the effective stress of the consolidated soil increases, and the soil shear strength does as well. Increasing the shear strength of the soils will increases the pile capacity. However, the interesting question is how much the shear strength of the soil can increase and impacts the pile capacity. In this paper, the shear strength improvement of the consolidated soil and the effect on pile bearing capacity is evaluated. This study used a series of in-situ tests that were carried out before and after the vacuum consolidation. A pile loading test using the Pile Dynamic Analyzer (PDA) method was carried out to verify the pile bearing capacity improvements. From the comparison result, it is shown that the theoretical capacity of the piles after consolidation were close to the pile test results.

The analysis of novel approaches to Arctic cities design

The paper is devoted to novel approaches to the design of Arctic cities against global climate changes in permafrost regions. The paper studies demographic, ethnographic and tourist aspects of the city design in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.Methodology/approach: The development of new approaches to design and settlements in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The methodology and theory of this study is based in research of urban planners and architects engaged in problems of settlement in the Far North and design of modern residential and public buildings in the Arctic zone.Research findings: It is shown that approaches to the design of the urban environment and in the central and southern regions of our country are different. As a result, the main approaches are identified for Arctic cities.Practical implications: The proposed approaches can be used by urban planners and architects for the creation of new architectural complexes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

Parametric and comparative study between anchored, strutted and cantilever system for a secant pile wall retaining a soil during construction an under-ground water tank

In the present study used numerical analysis to investigate the lateral displacement of secant pile walls and ground surface settlement problems for a case study. Three structural systems were modelled, analyzed, and designed to determine the best solution for each case: cantilever, anchored, and strutted secant pile wall (SPW). Field data from a case study were used to examine the lateral displacement and ground surface settlements of the strutted secant pile wall. Plaxis finite-element software was used to create a plane-strain numerical model. The findings of the numerous simulations performed are compared to field data, which shows very strong coherence.

Research on Quality Inspection and Reinforcement Technology of Road Bridge

With the acceleration of urbanization, road bridges play a crucial role in urban transportation, and their quality condition is directly related to traffic safety and urban development. The article analyzes the common problems of existing road bridges, mainly including cracks, settlement problems and other aspects, to provide a reliable basis for the maintenance and reinforcement of road bridges. Based on this, the article mainly researches the quality inspection technology of road bridges and the reinforcement technology of old bridges at the present stage, and analyzes the application of quality inspection technology and reinforcement technology in improving the structural quality of road bridges according to the construction cases of Jialingjiang Bridge, Qiuyun Bridge and Luoxi Bridge in Heyang, so as to improve the safety of road bridges and prolong the service life of bridges.

Examining Livelihood Status of Migrants: A Case Study of Barpeta Road Town, Assam

The objective of this article is to examine the life realities of the rural urban migrants of Barpeta Road town, who came from the different adjoining villages of the Barpeta town. In the present study, we have randomly taken 100 respondents and age of the most of the respondent is around 22 to 65. The approach of the present study is explanatory. The research was designed to discover and to describe the hopes of the rural urban migrants at the village level and the experience of the migrants at destination, Barpeta Toad Town. The characteristics of primary data collection are qualitative and quantitative and based on empirical study as well as ground survey.The study focuses on the phenomenon of rural to urban migration into Barpeta Road Town that had taken place and which continues till date, despite the existence of massive unemployment in the city. The result of the study shows the migrants happens for push and pull factors for their movement to the urban environment.The study identifies the factor affecting rural to urban migrants and problems in settlements. The study demonstrates that the pull factor among many include income, education and better health facilities andthe push elements were conflicts, quarrels, absence of farmland to manage the need of the household and other multitudes of crime though they do not want to disclose the details.The present study reveals that the realities and the qualities of the life for the migrants of their destination was extremely different and sometimes challenging for independent survival and they had unofficial network to cope up with most challenging problems. Only few of migrants have an opportunity to enjoy quality life and others remain in trouble.

Land Subsidence Phenomena in Joshimath Town, Garhwal Himalaya, India: Field Observations and Possible Causes

Astract The town of Joshimath, in the state of Uttarakhand, India, has been witnessing severe ground subsidence problems. Though the land subsidence has been documented since a long time, there were sudden enhanced appearance of cracks on the ground and in houses overnight on 2nd and 3rd of January 2023, in the western segment of the Joshimath town. At the same time, there was high-volume of sediment-laden water discharge inside the Jaypee Colony beginning from 3rd of January 2023. More than 1000 houses and infrastructure were severely damaged during this event. Therefore, it is being of high importance to study the present situation and highlight the possible reasons that make this area vulnerable to land subsidence. With this aim, the present study incorporates different data sources and field observations to provide an overview of the present situation of the Joshimath town.

Research on Prediction of Land Subsidence in Coal Mine Geology

Coal mining provides strong energy support for the development of modern industry. However, in the long-term coal mining process, there have been serious land subsidence problems, which have a very adverse impact on the local natural environment and native business life. Therefore, the research on the prediction of land subsidence in coal mine geology plays a very important role in the sustainable development of coal mining work. Besides, the research on coal mining technology could minimize the damage to the ecological environment of the mining area and at the same time protect the local infrastructure. In this thesis, the prediction of land subsidence in coal mine geology is briefly explored for further research and reference.

Simulation Study on the Influence of Grain Operation Conditions on the Dynamic Characteristics of Vehicle Body based on RecurDyn

At present, the grain storage depot has introduced the warehouse closing vehicle to replace the manual grain surface leveling operation. Aiming at the problems of subsidence, vibration and slipping when the warehouse car walks on the grain surface, the multi-body dynamics simulation is carried out for the four complex working conditions and load conditions of the car body in the grain depot environment, including straight running, turning, tilting and obstacle crossing, and its driving dynamic characteristics are analyzed. It can be seen from the simulation results that in the turning condition, the required driving force is the largest, the sliding condition is the most serious, the sinking degree is the deepest, and the stability is the worst. The driving dynamics of the clearance car will change suddenly when entering and leaving the pit under the obstacle crossing condition. Through the dynamic simulation results, the change law of the driving dynamic characteristics of the clearance car is summarized, and the vibration damping performance, adhesion performance and Through performance and work efficiency, it provides a theoretical basis for vehicle body design and optimization.

Study on fracturing fluid return pattern and production characteristics of shale gas wells

We innovatively propose a research method through micro-experiment + macro-measurement, combined with onsite proppant return test. This method can solve the problem of unclear impact of the return shut-in time, return rate control and return effect on production. We carried out a specific applied research for Fuling shale gas Jiangdong block, specifically determined the mineral composition, overburden pressure physical properties before and after fracturing fluid percolation, the changing law of resistance environment of gas production channel inside the reservoir before and after fracturing fluid percolation, and explored the settlement problem of proppant’s size, type and nature in the fracture through the situation of sand return. This study concludes that the reservoir testing process can be divided into pure fluid production stage, gas breakthrough stage, and stable production stage. The optimal contact time between shale and fracturing fluid promotes the hydration of clay minerals to produce microfractures and the formation of a complex network of intercommunicating seams facilitated by external dynamics, which promotes gas production. And the wrong return after fracturing will affect the hydraulic fracture conductivity.

3D Change Detection Method for Exterior Wall of LNG Storage Tank Supported by Multi‐Source Spatial Data

AbstractChange detection methods for measuring deformation of the LNG storage tank's exterior wall cannot meet the requirements for extensive and comprehensive deformation analysis. The method proposed in this paper uses multi‐source spatial data to detect the deformation of the LNG storage tank's exterior wall. Exterior wall data collected simultaneously by terrestrial and airborne laser scanners, as well as close‐range and oblique photogrammetry, are pre‐processed separately and then registered to the global point clouds. The deformation state of exterior wall is represented by a thorough assessment approach that takes into account four change indices. The results suggest that the registration precision of global point clouds is 6 mm. The global ovality of the LNG storage tank is 0.053%, with a tilt change of 2.58° and a deviation of 27 mm in the direction of the azimuth of 321.98°, an average value of 0.07 mm for depression and protrusion deformation, and a surface flatness of 21.3 mm. In this case, the flatness is greater than the variation threshold of the standard specification, indicating that the tank may have structural uneven settlement or other deformation problems. The attraction of the proposed method resides in its capacity to efficiently and accurately obtain spatial positioning and color information of the LNG storage tank's exterior wall, thereby providing a robust foundation for precise judgments regarding the deformation state.

ЛОГІСТИЧНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ АГРОПРОМИСЛОВОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Today, logistical problems are definitely relevant, because the military operations on the territory of Ukraine are significant influenced the logistics processes not only of our country, but also the logistics system of the world as a whole. Destroyed or partially damaged by the effects of war, supply chains face many challenges that, if not addressed, will hinder economic recovery and long-term growth. The article is devoted to the definition and systematization of the actual problems of logistics management of the activities of domestic agro-industrial enterprises in the conditions of martial law. It is well-founded that the high level of logistical threats and the high probability of their further escalation require research in order to find mechanism for the formation of an effective system for the restoration of logistics processes and management of their development. The value of the logistics efficiency index, which is an interactive tool of comparative analysis and created to help countries identify problems in the field of logistics, was analyzed. In view of the new geopolitical challenges caused by the military aggression of the russian federation, the need to assess the real state and prospects for the restoration of the Ukrainian logistics system has been proven. The key problems of logistics management in the agricultural sector have been identified, which include: insufficient qualified workers; weak protection of property rights and raiding; problems in settlements with trade networks; risks associated with the possibility of disconnection of electricity; unpredictable actions of the state and constant changes in legislation. A model of the organization of the agribusiness system is proposed, which ensures the regulation of flow processes, their transformation and integration, and is a form of management that surpasses traditional processes, both in terms of creative potential and in terms of the effectiveness of final results, thanks to the ability to recover significantly more reserves for improving activity indicators and ensuring better conditions for the implementation of the total quality management strategy. Reorganization of storage systems, anticipation of risks and development of new routes will be the starting point for the post-war recovery of logistics.

Развитие трансграничных платежей с помощью цифровых активов и цифровых валют для достижения целей экономического развития

The subject of the study is the sphere of cross–border payments as a factor in the restoration of Russian foreign trade in the face of sanctions pressure from Western countries. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the fact that in order to accelerate economic growth, an early recovery of export volumes and preservation of import volumes are required, which, among other things, encounter problems in settlements with foreign counterparties, solved through the digital transformation of the financial sector and the use of new payment mechanisms to alleviate pressure on Russia and its trading partners. The purpose of the work is to assess the current state of the use of digital financial assets in cross–border settlements with friendly jurisdictions. The article finds that in 2022 – 2023, the volume of Russian imports and exports underwent significant fluctuations due to the reconfiguration of Russian foreign trade to the markets of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. At the same time, the need to create a safe and effective payment mechanism protected from the negative impact of primary and secondary sanctions came to the fore. The key problems in the field of international payments have become the disconnection of the largest Russian banks from SWIFT and the large-scale blocking of correspondent accounts of Russian banks by foreign counterparties, which can be overcome through the use of cross-border settlements through such instruments as digital financial assets, cryptocurrency, and digital currencies of central banks. However, it is concluded that in the presence of a well-formed legislative framework and obvious potential to mitigate sanctions pressure, the use of new payment mechanisms is difficult due to the lack of necessary regulatory and/or infrastructure solutions.

Safety Impact Analysis and Process Optimization of Shallow Buried and Undercut Tunnels Passing through Existing Freeways

This article takes the underpass of Yangangdong Interchange in Shenzhen as the research background, uses MIDAS/GTS for modeling and numerical analysis, and conducts research on the initial support steel frame, reinforced concrete structure, and geotechnical structure during the construction of the underpass. Research indicates: (1) The stability of the initial support and temporary support is the key to the project. The pressure on the columns and corners of the steel frame is relatively high, and the initial support reinforcement should be appropriately increased during the construction process. (2) During the calculation process, the settlement above the tunnel is relatively large. To ensure safety, advanced pre-grouting can be used to improve the mechanical parameters of the plain fill above the tunnel. (3) By optimizing the process and adding a 500mm thick reinforced concrete cover plate at Yanba Expressway, it can effectively solve the problems of large settlements or uncontrollable local collapses that may occur during the construction of the underground excavation tunnel.

ОЦЕНКА РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article discusses the results of the implementation of the development strategy of the Orenburg region. Today, strategic planning extends to all levels of government – federal, regional and municipal. The development of strategies is not just a requirement of legislation, it is also an urgent need for each region individually. Regions are differentiated in terms of resources and development factors, and therefore they play a special role in the development and implementation of socio-economic development strategies. The purpose of this study is to assess the interim results of the implementation of this Strategy at the beginning of 2024 and to develop recommendations related to solving the tasks set in it. The development of the Orenburg region is influenced by both external and internal economic and social factors. External factors include restrictions in the economy due to the changed external conditions caused by international sanctions (restrictions), including a reduction in imports and withdrawal of foreign partners from the Russian market, loss of export markets, delays in the restructuring of production and logistics chains, the need to reorient supplies, lower prices for Russian exports, problems in mutual settlements, as well as high uncertainty in the development of the global economy and the possible tightening of sanctions. The internal factors influencing the trends of socio-economic development of the Orenburg region in the medium term include an insufficient level of investment in fixed assets, a low level of innovation, including digital technologies, lean production tools aimed at increasing labor productivity, increased competition with other regions in terms of attracting investors, as well as demographic a situation characterized by negative dynamics of natural and migratory population growth.

The stakeholder analysis of sanitation management in Pontianak City Slums

The development of slum settlements is increasing in Indonesia, one of which is in Pontianak City where most of the slum settlements are on the banks of the Kapuas River. The sanitation conditions are poor and inadequate health services. This study aims to identify stakeholders and their roles and classify stakeholders based on the power-interest matrix for sanitation management in Pontianak’s slum settlements. Data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and questionnaires to stakeholders from the government, private sector, civil society, and academics related to sanitation. This research is important for stakeholder to handling sanitation problems in slum settlements. Stakeholders related to sanitation had various roles and different levels of involvement. The Stakeholder analysis was succesfully identified 47 stakeholders involved in sanitation management in Pontianak slums, classified as 15 subjects, 6 key players, 17 crowds, and 10 context setters. The existence of these stakeholders can influence the handling of sanitation in slum settlements and need collaborate among the stakeholders.

Reinventing Social Policy in Housing Finance Policies for Low-Income Communities

Generally, the problem of housing and settlements is the incompatibility of the number of available housing when compared to the needs and the number of people who live there. The main issues are population, spatial planning and regional development, planning for housing and settlement development that is still not optimal, land and infrastructure, financing, building materials industry technology and construction services, institutions, community participation, and laws and regulations. The East Kutai Regency Government is committed to meeting the housing needs of MBR. However, due to the high number of backlogs where the dominance of the need for housing comes from low-income people at income levels below, a synchronization effort is needed that harmonizesbetween central regulations and local conditions. Therefore, research questions are formulated as follows: 1) How effective is the implementation of the housing grant policy for the MBR in the concept of reinventing the policy?; 2) What are the implementation factors and policy models that are in accordance with the conditions of East Kutai Province after the policy reinventing process? The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the implementation of the housing grant policy for the MBR in the concept of reinventing public policy, to analyze the driving and inhibiting factors for the implementation of housing finance, to formulate a housing grant policy model . The main theory in this research is public policy, while the supporting theory is the theory of social change, social behavior, functional structural. The concepts used include Reinventing Public Policy, Ecosoc Rights, Regional Autonomy, Synchronization, Residential Housing, Housing Financing for MBR, and Strategies for Acquisition and Acquisition of Houses for MBR. Mixed research methods (mix methods) combine quantitative and qualitative data. The research instruments were questionnaires and interview drafts using data collection techniques through surveys of 135 respondents and in-depth interviews with four informants. Data analysis performed synthesis of quantitative data and qualitative data. The results of this study are that the implementation of public policy on providing financial assistance through the FLPP program is effectively applied to MBR, taking into account the synchronization of the financing. The concept of reinventing describes the complexity of a public policy shifting into social policy in its implementation so as to form social protection originating from local initiatives. The result lies in the strength of MBR in putting forward local initiatives to establish social protection. The position of the MBR and the government are equal in implementing policies so that the concept of development is decentralized and easy to evaluate through synchronizing various things. The driving factor is related to the synergy, cooperation and transparency of stakeholders in interpreting social welfare.While the inhibiting factors underline the integrity and loyalty of stakeholders and MBR to utilize existing resources and adapt to the policy environment. So based on this influence a policy model emerges using the lens of reinventing policies that are based on guaranteeing social welfare and leading to local initiatives. Building a new concept regarding changing the position of public policy into social policy. This change in perspective highlights elements of social welfare guarantees and local initiatives for the implementation of a more autonomous and implementable policy for the MBR