Problem Of Self Research Articles

Risk factors for antenatal anxiety: a cross-sectional study in field antenatal clinics in Sri Lanka

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting antenatal anxiety (AA) among Sri Lankan women.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of first trimester data from a population-based cohort of antenatal...

Interrater Reliability of the Psychological Mindedness Assessment Procedure, Extended (Dutch) Version, in a Clinical Patient Population

The Psychological Mindedness Assessment Procedure, Extended Dutch Version (PMAP-plus), was developed to assess psychological mindedness in mental health care. Psychological Mindedness represents the ability to understand self and others through mental representations of internal psychodynamic states. In patients, deficits in psychological mindedness capacity can cause problems in self- and interpersonal functioning. This brief report describes interrater reliability of four PMAP-plus scenarios for evaluating psychological mindedness capacity among patients. Patients with personality disorders (N = 194) were asked to respond to four enacted videotaped PMAP-plus scenarios presenting a person talking about a personal experience. The videotaped scenarios varied in their emotional impact. All verbatim responses were scored by two clinically experienced raters on a hierarchical scale with gradually increasing complexity of psychodynamic understanding. Clinicians achieved acceptable interrater reliability on PMAP-plus in this patient population. Two scenarios with low emotional impact evoked significantly higher interrater agreement as compared to two scenarios with high emotional impact. Our results suggest that mental health professionals can reliably distinguish levels of psychological mindedness by assessing PMAP-plus in a patient population. Scenarios differ in potency to reveal psychological mindedness capacity. The variation in emotional impact in subsequent scenarios makes it a promising instrument measuring psychodynamic capacities for psychotherapeutic treatment.

Mechanisms of immunological tolerance and their dysregulation in rheumatic diseases

The major tasks of the immune system are protection against infectious agents, maintaining homeostasis by recognizing and neutralizing noxious substances from the environment, and monitoring pathological, e.g. neoplastic tissue changes. It accomplishes these tasks through complex interactions of cellular and humoral components of the innate and adaptive immune system. This review article focuses on acentral problem of self versus non-self discrimination in the development of B and Tlymphocytes as carriers of adaptive immunity. During maturation of the lymphocytes in the bone marrow, large repertoires of lymphocyte receptors are randomly generated by somatic recombination, which as awhole have the capability of recognizing any foreign antigen. In order to reduce the implicit risk of autoaggressive immunity that might arise from evolutionary conserved structural motifs in self and foreign antigens, the adaptive immune system must provide redundant mechanisms (clonal deletion, anergy, quiescence and suppression) to eliminate or inactivate lymphocytes expressing highly avid receptors for autoantigens. Thus, the provision of costimulatory signals resulting in areduced activation threshold of potentially autoreactive anergic Tcells through infection, molecular mimicry, disrupted apoptosis regulation, altered "self" by post-translational modification, genetic changes in transcription factors with critical importance for thymic tolerance induction or signaling components of apoptosis can lead to adisruption of self-tolerance and the induction of pathogenic autoimmunity.

Жаночая вусная гісторыя (на матэрыяле аповеду старэйшай жыхаркі вёскі Гарэлкі Жабінкоўскага раёна)

The article uses the case study method to examine the peculiarities of narrativization of everyday female experience of “folkloric personality” in history, which includes the pre‑war (“under the Polish Pans”) and post‑‑war (“under Soviet power”) periods. Particular attention is paid to comprehending the survival strategy of “simple rural toilers” in extreme periods of history presented explicitly and implicitly in the text. The text, which is immersed in cultural, social, temporal and spatial contexts, indicates the verbal means of representation of evaluative meanings. The relevance of this research is conditioned by the necessity to reveal on the specific field material of Belarus, the scientific issues of memory and trauma, narrativization of everyday experience of a person in history (including the subjective experience of “pre‑Soviet and Soviet life”), comprehension of “national memory” as a problem of self‑‑identification in the mass post‑‑Soviet consciousness, as well as various aspects of gender history (including the consideration of survival strategies of women of different social status in extreme conditions). The main objective of this article is to identify the peculiarities of narrativization of ideas about “big” and “small” history, in which the life of a woman – an outstanding “folkloric personality” – is inscribed. The author transcribed and edited a recording (2023) of a conversation with a local resident of the Zhabinka district, and the resulting “oral history” material was interpreted using elements of narrative analysis, gender studies, and the case study method. It is shown that the ideas and images of oral historical (and at the same time biographical, moral, religious, psychological) narrative are formed under the influence of various mytho‑‑folklore, symbolic and epistemological factors.

Control of innate immunity by the cGAS-STING pathway.

Within the cytoplasm of mammalian cells is a protein called cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which acts to defend against infection and other threats to the host. cGAS operates in this manner through its ability to detect a molecular occurrence that should not exist in healthy cells - the existence of DNA in the cytosol. Upon DNA binding, cGAS synthesizes cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a cyclic dinucleotide that activates the endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING). STING-mediated signaling culminates in host defensive responses typified by inflammatory cytokine and interferon expression, and the induction of autophagy. Studies over the past several years have established a consensus in the field of the enzymatic activities of cGAS in vitro, as it relates to DNA-induced production of cGAMP. However, much additional work is needed to understand the regulation of cGAS functions within cells, where multiple sources of DNA can create a problem of self and non-self discrimination. In this review, we provide an overview of how the cGAS-STING pathway mediates innate immune responses during infection and other cellular stresses. We then highlight recent progress in the understanding of the increasingly diverse ways in which this DNA-sensing machinery is regulated inside cells, including how cGAS remains inactive to host-derived DNA under conditions of homeostasis.

LTL model checking of self modifying code

Self modifying code is code that can modify its own instructions during the execution of the program. It is extensively used by malware writers to obfuscate their malicious code. Thus, analysing self modifying code is nowadays a big challenge. In this paper, we consider the LTL model-checking problem of self modifying code. We model such programs using self-modifying pushdown systems, an extension of pushdown systems that can modify its own set of transitions during execution. We reduce the LTL model-checking problem to the emptiness problem of self-modifying Büchi pushdown systems. We implemented our techniques in a tool that we successfully applied for the detection of several self-modifying malware. Our tool was also able to detect several malwares that well-known antiviruses such as BitDefender, Kinsoft, Avira, eScan, Kaspersky, Qihoo-360, Baidu, Avast, and Symantec failed to detect.

Putus Cinta: Aplikasi Terapi Rasional Emotif Tingkah Laku Mendepani Isu Konsep Kendiri Remaja

In an adolescent, the development phase causes a variety of conflicts. One of the most common problems among adolescents is the issue of love breakup. It can lead to the disruption of self-concept which eventually leads to a failure to overcome real problems. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) to address the problem of self -concept among adolescents. This is a qualitative study using interview sessions as a study design. The study was based on a counseling case of a teenage female client who was going through a breakup. The client suffered from depression and feels inferior to her self -image and chooses to isolate herself from others. Thus, the Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) was utilized to reestablish the client's self -concept. REBT therapy enables the client to change the negative way of thinking to positive and rationalize her thinking to avoid her feeling depressed with the issue of the breakup. This is important in ensuring that the client successfully solves her problems and can give full commitment to her learning and responsibilities.

Loneliness, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Immigrants: A Moderating Role of Familial Relationships

Objectives: Immigration is a stressful life event, and immigrants commonly experience loneliness, a risk factor for depression. However, little is known about how and whether older immigrants’ perceived stress exposure/appraisals mediate the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Further, this study explores whether familial relationships moderate the indirect or direct effects of the mediation models. Method: This study uses the 2012 Health and Retirement Study from a sample of 719 immigrants age 57 and older. A series of moderated mediation analyses were conducted across the total number of stress exposure and eight stress appraisal domains. Results: The findings indicate that the total number of stress exposure and five domains of stress appraisals (health problems in self, physical/emotional problems in spouse/child, financial strain, housing problems, and close relationships in others) mediate the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. In addition, the perceived negative strain from family moderated the mediating effect of health problems and housing problems in the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Discussion: This study suggests that negative relationships with family may increase upsetting in stress appraisals on health and housing problems, which turn in increased depressive symptoms for lonely older immigrants. Practitioners need to assess older immigrants’ stressors and family relationships to understand their loneliness and depressive symptoms.

Neuroscience Studies in Self Regulated Learning for Science Teacher Candidates through Optimizing the Learning Management System (LMS) with the SPADA Feature

Online learning to anticipate the Covid-19 pandemic directly or indirectly has presented a new order in the learning aspect. One of the Learning Management System (LMS) technologies used at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University is the Sistem Pembelajaran Daring (SPADA). Several features in SPADA have been developed to help students learn independently or guided, including summary, assignment, grade, URL and activity completion. Lecturers continue to try to anticipate problems in optimizing these features. These efforts continue to experience changes and developments because the self regulated learning that is passed by each student is not the same. This is influenced by a series of brain mechanisms in processing information or known as neuroscience. Student activities related to independent learning do not only involve cognition from a series of information processing, but a series of self-knowledge information that is included in the study of abilities and metacognitive skills. In this regard, the independence of learning in this study is explained in terms of cognitive, motivational and behavioral aspects using a questionnaire instrument and interview guidelines for 32 students in the Department of Natural Sciences Education Semester V of 2020. Based on the results and discussion, it is known that the difficulty in realizing learning independence because students do not know for sure the goals to be achieved, so it is difficult to determine various strategies for achieving them. The problem of self regulated learning encourages LMS optimization steps with SPADA features based on neuroscience studies. The first thing to do is to give students the freedom to learn according to their inclinations, so the suggestion that can be conveyed is that the lecturer should know the learning style of each student before using the LMS through the SPADA feature in developing student learning independence.

Game Self-organization of Hamiltonian Cycle of the Graph

This paper proposes a new application of the stochastic game model to solve the problem of self- organization of the Hamiltonian cycle of a graph. To do this, at the vertices of the undirected graph are placed game agents, whose pure strategies are options for choosing one of the incident edges. A random selection of strategies by all agents forms a set of local paths that begin at each vertex of the graph. Current player payments are defined as loss functions that depend on the strategies of neighboring players that control adjacent vertices of the graph. These functions are formed from a penalty for the choice of opposing strategies by neighboring players and a penalty for strategies that have reduced the length of the local path. Random selection of players’ pure strategies is aimed at minimizing their average loss functions. The generation of sequences of pure strategies is performed by a discrete distribution built on the basis of dynamic vectors of mixed strategies. The elements of the vectors of mixed strategies are the probabilities of choosing the appropriate pure strategies that adaptively take into account the values of current losses. The formation of vectors of mixed strategies is determined by the Markov recurrent method, for the construction of which the gradient method of stochastic approximation is used. During the game, the method increases the value of the probabilities of choosing those pure strategies that lead to a decrease in the functions of average losses. For given methods of forming current payments, the result of the stochastic game is the formation of patterns of self-organization in the form of cyclically oriented strategies of game agents. The conditions of convergence of the recurrent method to collectively optimal solutions are ensured by observance of the fundamental conditions of stochastic approximation. The game task is extended to random graphs. To do this, the vertices are assigned the probabilities of recovery failures, which cause a change in the structure of the graph at each step of the game. Realizations of a random graph are adaptively taken into account when searching for Hamiltonian cycles. Increasing the probability of failure slows down the convergence of the stochastic game. Computer simulation of the stochastic game provided patterns of self-organization of agents’ strategies in the form of several local cycles or a global Hamiltonian cycle of the graph, depending on the ways of forming the current losses of players. The reliability of experimental studies is confirmed by the repetition of implementations of self-organization patterns for different sequences of random variables. The results of the study can be used in practice for game-solving NP-complex problems, transport and communication problems, for building authentication protocols in distributed information systems, for collective decision-making in conditions of uncertainty.

The Eurasian agricultural complex: capacity, results, trade, forecast of prospects

The article examines the problems of the development of the Eurasian agro-food complex: potential, current state and prospects. The article analyzes the problem of self – sufficiency in food, taking into account mutual trade and the possibility of concentrating the efforts of the EAEU member states on an innovative breakthrough in agriculture in order to increase exports and its share in world trade, an adequately available area of farmland.

What is neurophilosophy: Do we need a non-reductive form?

Neurophilosophy is a controversial scientific discipline lacking a broadly accepted definition and especially a well-elaborated methodology. Views about what neurophilosophy entails and how it can combine neuroscience with philosophy, as in their branches (e.g. metaphysics, epistemology, ethics) and methodologies, diverge widely. This article, first of all, presents a brief insight into the naturalization of philosophy regarding neurophilosophy and three resulting distinguishable forms of how neuroscience and philosophy may or may not be connected in part 1, namely reductive neurophilosophy, the parallelism between neuroscience and philosophy which keeps both disciplines rather strictly separated and lastly, non-reductive neurophilosophy which aims for a bidirectional connection of both disciplines. Part 2 presents a paradigmatic example of how these three forms of neuroscience and philosophy approach the problem of self, mainly concerning its ontological status (existence and reality). This allows me to compare all three neurophilosophical approaches with each other and to highlight the benefits of a non-reductive form of neurophilosophy. I conclude that especially non-reductive neurophilosophy can give full justice to the complementary position of neurophilosophy right at the intersection between neuroscience, philosophy, and psychology.

TECHNOLOGY VERSUS INDIVIDUAL: AN ANALYSIS ON INTERACTIVE FILM BLACK MIRROR: BANDERSNATCH

One of the basic themes of technology-based dystopian narratives appears as the problem of self- determination. In these narratives that proceed through concepts such as surveillance and control; there are descriptions of a dark future in which the individual becomes an object. Netflix production Black Mirror: Bandersnatch (David Slade, 2018) examines the loss of individuality and the loss of self-determination. The film, as a technology-based narrative, connects these concepts to the impact of technology. In the narrative, a critical discourse has been developed over the possible impacts of technology by removing the self-determination of the protagonist by giving the audience the ability to choose instead. This study aims to examine the effects of technology on individuals and their freedom through the science fiction anthology Black Mirror. In this study, the issue of self-determination of an individual through the concepts of surveillance and technology is discussed within the interactive movie Bandersnatch, a part of the anthology. In this study, thematic content analysis is applied to the movie. It is concluded that the messages include technology will increase surveillance and control, and affect the loss of individuality in the postmodern society are predicted by Bandersnatch as in other Black Mirror episodes. Another result is that the Black Mirror anthology gives a critique of the present while narrating the future.

The role of monetary policy in the formation of fixed capital in the industrial sector and its impact on gross domestic product in Iraq during the period (1990- 2017): دور السياسة النقدية في تكوين رأس المال الثابت في القطاع الصناعي وأثره على الناتج المحلي الإجمالي في العراق خلال المدة (1990- 2017)

The research aims to activate the role of some variables of monetary policy in influencing the gross domestic product in Iraq, through its impact on the total fixed capital formation of the industrial sector, as the study includes two models: the first is the effect of monetary variables on the total fixed capital formation of the industrial sector, and the second Measuring the extent of the impact of the total fixed capital formation of the industrial sector on the gross domestic product, as the results of the standard analysis showed that monetary policy variables have a significant effect on the gross domestic product indirectly through their impact on the total fixed capital formation of the domestic sector Industrial, through the value of (R2 = 0.98 and R2 = 0.97 respectively) in the two models, which means that (98% and 97%) of the changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variables included in the two models, respectively, as well as the value of (F = 85.00360) And (F=207.7157) for the two models, respectively, at the level of significance of 5% and the probability value (Prob 0.000) to the presence of a common integration between the variables included in the two models, which means a long- term balance relationship, as indicated by the value of (DW = 2.668733) and (DW = 2.345350) for the two models. Respectively, there is no problem of self - correlation of the values ​​of the random variable, and this means that monetary policy affects the gross domestic product of Through the use of cash channels to influence the productive sectors in the industrial sector, which in turn affects the total fixed capital formation of the industrial sector that leads to an increase in the level of economic activity in Iraq.

Problems of Self in Indian Philosophy: A Critical Study

Problems of Self in Indian Philosophy: A Critical Study

Monitoring problems in suicide action

Considering suicide in action terms and pointing out that it a distorted action, we describe some of the distortions as problems in self- and action- monitoring. Problems in pain, emotion and awareness as self- and action-monitoring systems were found in suicide actions and projects.

Life management as a strategy of self-organization of degree-seeking students

The article analyzes the new life-management strategy as a technology for managing your life and a way of purposeful self-assertion in the context of self-organization theory in human-dimensional systems for purposeful development of self-organization skills, self-efficacy, self-improvement of degree-seeking students. The relevance and expediency of the study of this topic is explained by the needs of current social development, characterized by the fundamental transformations of human being, the formation of a new system of value orientation of the individual. The system of modern higher education, its humanitarian component, carries the spiritual, cultural mission of personality formation, ensuring the possibility of self-affirmation and self-realization in society. High professionalism, language training, computer skills, realistic outlook and moral qualities of higher education applicants, future professionals – are rightly regarded today as fundamental drivers of progress. Given that these personality traits are formed through education, which gradually, more and more, comes to the forefront of social progress. The situation of modern society changes the meaning of such fundamental categories as self-organization, self-design, self-realization, reflecting the state of society and the individual as a whole. That is why the article focuses on the problems of self, taking into account new opportunities for the person and self-organization strategies on the example of life management. Focus on a person in terms of self-organization, that is, looking at it as an open self-organizing system does not imply a direct transfer to the human-dimensional system of the whole conceptual apparatus of synergetics. Human-dimensional systems are not viewed in terms of equilibrium or as mechanisms but as a creative world with incomplete information and changing values. One of the factors contributing to the achievement of life goals is possession of life-management technology, which refers to the ability of a person to organize their lives so as to clearly plan their working and free time, effectively manage their resources, i.e. be able to acquire, store, develop and manage them.

A Different Conversation: Psychological Research and the Problem of Self in Autism

Observations about peculiarities in the autistic population concerning type and frequency of references to subjective states, and lack of perspective taking, have been on the whole referred to as the paradox of the autistic self, i.e. a co-presence of ego-centeredness and weak self-referentiality (Lombardo & Baron Cohen 2010). Prevalent approaches in autism ascribe these peculiarities to high order disfunctions caused by neurological factors, such as defective self-encoding processes. Two narratives told by an adult man with Asperger during counselling are examined with Conversation Analysis; the analysis identifies features that may lead to descriptions like the paradox of autistic self, but also reveals competences related to perspective-taking and narrative construction. Drawing on Bruner’s narrative theory, as well on recent interactional research on autism and the psychology of self, it is suggested that a relatively limited practice with narrative co-construction might be at the origin of the peculiarities observed. A socio-developmental approach to the understanding of autism not only can provide explanations compatible with first and second person accounts of life with autism, but can also open new paths for researching ways of self-construction that are less reliant on social interaction. The article finally challenges assumptions in psychological research about the ability of humans to access their internal states, and discusses how such assumptions can deter understanding of atypical populations.

L’émersion de l’insoi nanopsychiatrique

AimsThis article assesses how the birth of nanopsychiatry is based on new techniques and paradigms that challenge the difference between self and non-self, hitherto the criterion of personal identity and self-awareness. MethodsThe article is structured in four parts: 1. Posing the problem of self and non-self in the new nanotechnological context; 2. Current methodologies in nanotechnology; 3. Results in terms of capacity augmentation 4. Discussion of the production of a nanopsychiatric “insoi”. ResultsThe results show progress on the link between psychiatric disorders and nanotechnologies. DiscussionThe discussion focuses on the scope of the nanopsychiatric “insoi” and on changes in self-awareness in the face of emergent and novel productions in one's own living body. ConclusionThe conclusion plots out the limits of the nanopsychiatric “insoi”.

Le soi et le non soi comme problème phénoménologique posé à l’expérience psychiatrique

ObjectivesSelf cannot be dissociated from non-self. We cannot consider the problem of self as if it were an entity separate from others and from the world. MethodIf we set aside the issue of the commensurability of disciplines, it is then possible to construct bridges to understand them within the life-world. Phenomenology places the constitution and the maintenance of self at the interface with non-self, extending from the biological self, or Endon, to the narrative self found in the Daseinsanalyse. ResultsThe self is emotionally anchored at the intersection between the actual body and the appearing body. Its positioning is off-center. Psychotherapeutic action targets the self by language and also by its bodily anchoring. There is a trend in psychiatric phenomenology that attempts to describe schizophrenia as a primary disorder of the sense of self, at a basic, pre-reflexive level: Parnas, Sas and Bovet explore the notion of the minimal self (ipseity), linked to excessive self-consciousness (hyper-reflexivity), however questionable this may be from a philosophical perspective, yet relevant from a clinical perspective. Other perspectives, more critical and more existential, recall that the concept of ipseity also belongs to the inter-subjective space, to time and to affectivity. DiscussionThe only way to capture one's self, differentiating it from non-self, is to resort to many different narratives of self that together raise the issues of identity, freedom, autonomy and the quest for recognition. ConclusionsSelf is indeed double-sided, both self and “one”, according to the dialectics of ipseity and mêmeté and leading to the clinical opposition between two poles, namely melancholy and schizophrenia. Hence there could be a typology of the self, linking therapeutic action to an understanding of the life-world.