Migration Problem Research Articles

Foreign Minors in Poland: Legal and Educational Aspects

The author takes up the problem of foreign minors living in Poland, which was first noticed in this country at the beginning of the 1990s. In the Polish literature on the subject, the problem of migration and minors is most often discussed in the context of labour migration of Poles and problems related to the absence of parents in Poland. The problem of foreign minors living in Poland fits into a wider European context. The objective of this article is to understand the legal and demographic aspects of foreign minors as well as the dilemmas and challenges faced by Polish schools in the area of education. To pursue this cognitive objective, the author conducted an analysis of the relevant literature. In order to investigate the topic, two research questions were formulated: a) What is the Polish migration policy towards foreign minors from the legal perspective? b) What is the situation of foreign minors in Polish schools, including legal norms and problems connected with their education and upbringing?
 In conclusion, it should be stated that Poland lacks a broad strategy and holistic policy from the government and non-governmental institutions on the integration of foreigners. Nevertheless, Polish law and institutional practices are aimed at safeguarding the interests of foreign minors and respecting children’s rights, their subjectivity, and national and cultural identity. The upbringing of minor foreigners living in Poland poses new challenges for schools and teachers, who should acquire new competences in intercultural education and educational practices aimed at students from other cultures. It should also be noted that there are no specialised centres capable of providing adequate care and assistance to such children, who are often victims of violence, crime and exploitation. Educational authorities and schools tend to incline towards the paradigm of inclusion and acknowledging the ‘Other’ when it comes to children from other cultures, rather than discrimination and opposition to the process of multiculturalism.

Migration as a risk factor for demographic, social and economic development problems in the world

The article discusses migration, one of the most important and pressing problems in the world. There are 184 million migrants worldwide, of which 43% live in low– and middle–income countries. Migration problems are becoming even more widespread and urgent due to serious differences between and within countries — in terms of real wages, labor market opportunities, demographic characteristics and climate costs.Migration makes a significant contribution to economic development and poverty reduction, but is also fraught with difficulties and risks. Migrants often bring skills, dynamism and resources that strengthen the economies of destination countries. In many cases, they also strengthen the country of origin by providing a vital mechanism to support communities by sending remittances.Policies to improve migration flows can help take advantage of economic opportunities and mitigate the difficulties and risks faced by migrants.

Migration, vulnerability and resilience. Story and life history as narrative tools in social work

This paper aims to intertwine the history of life as a technique within social work, to talk about family migration that goes from a Totonac town to the north of the Mexican Republic. The phenomenon of migration is generally associated with heartbreaking and sad stories. n this case, memory and life history go hand in hand to talk about the youthful subjective experience of effort, commitment, achievements, but also problems, illness, and the forced path towards resilience. With the use of qualitative methodology and specifically from narrative techniques, it presents us with another way of expressing the problem of youth migration. The narrative becomes, then, an example of how social research techniques come together to expose a daily experience of mobility, making it a reason for interdisciplinary study of social work with anthropology, under the auspices of hermeneutics.

EVALUATION OF THE INTERNAL MIGRATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: EFFECTIVENESS AND DISADVANTAGES

Four northern regions (Akmola, Kostanay, Pavlodar and North Kazakhstan) remain sparsely populated, and the population there has decreased by 12,000 people in two years. On the contrary, in four southern regions (Almaty, Zhambyl, Turkestan and Kyzylorda), the population, compared with the northern regions, is twice as large, having increased the population by 186,000 people in two years. The corresponding imbalance of the population by regions in the Republic of Kazakhstan gives rise to different economic development between regions, forcing the need for the redistribution of labor – labor resources. All this changes the attitude to migration policy, concerns about the regulation of internal migration. The article analyzes the problems of migration, taking into account the solution of the imbalance of the population, as well as the initiatives of the state aimed at solving these problems. Over the past five years, the state program "Enbek", being the main official document on measures to accommodate the population from densely populated southern regions to northern regions, has given impetus to internal migration. But, despite the obvious effectiveness, the result did not reach the proper level. As the main drawbacks, the authors of the article highlight such factors as an ineffective information campaign, distrust of the program, slow actions of local authorities and noting the causes of the problem, suggest ways to solve them.

Strategy for Action to Save Men and Support Responsible Fatherhood

The current demographic agenda ofthe Russian Federation includes the promotion of traditional family values, where a special role is assigned to the formation and development of the institution of a prosperous (large) family with chldren, and support for responsible fatherhood. As part of these tasks, in March 2023, the members of the Scientific Council "Demographic and Migration Problems of Russia" under the Department of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, on their own initiative, developed the "Strategy for Action to Save Men and Support Responsible Fatherhood".

WAYS OF RETURN OF EDUCATIONAL MIGRANTS, MINIMIZING LOSSES OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL AS A RESULT OF THE WAR

Wars cause a number of socio-economic changes in the usual position of countries that have both instant effects and long-term influence on them. These changes include educational migration problems, intellectual capital losses, and innovative potential. The purpose of the article is to determine the necessary conditions for the return of educational migrants, minimizing the losses of intellectual capital and innovation potential due to the influence of war on the basis of the experiences of different countries. Scientific publications were investigated for the realization of the goal, which discussed the importance of adapting national institutions to the needs of the injured society, the role of human capital in ensuring international competitiveness in the postwar period, and the importance Use of intellectual potential to restore countries. In the course of the study, it was outlined that the encouragement of educational migrants to return can occur by creating the conditions of application of knowledge gained in different cultural environments, in practice, through the quality development of government and support of private institutions. In addition, measures were identified for the systematic restructuring of national science relations with society, government, and business to ensure the maximum benefit on its part for the development of the post-war economy. Particular attention was paid to the importance of the reintegration of military persons into civilian life. Given the modern vector of development of the world economy, an analysis of ways of minimizing the loss of intellectual capital and preserving innovative potential was carried out, taking into account the experience of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the development of Military Tech. It was also to consider the role of supporting the internal intellectual property market to stimulate the return of entrepreneurs to the country and to leave it. The importance of instant response to socio-economic changes to minimize their impact on the country, in the long run, is emphasized.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РОССИЙСКО-ТАДЖИКСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ПО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЮ МИГРАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

The article deals with the issues of cooperation between Tajikistan and Russia in the field of migration policy. The increased scale of labor migration, as well as the problems it caused in terms of ensuring living and working conditions, as well as protecting the rights of citizens in countries that have received migrant workers, have necessitated the development and adoption of measures that would create an effective system of state regulation of migration processes. Reflected measures aimed at strengthening the legal framework for the stay of migrant workers in the Russian Federation. The necessity of improving the legislation regulating migration, changing the public consciousness of Russian citizens regarding the problems of migration, as well as making adjustments to the orientation and psychology of the migrants themselves is noted.

Analyzing the Performance of Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms with Modified Grey Wolf Optimization for VM Migration Problems

Analyzing the Performance of Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms with Modified Grey Wolf Optimization for VM Migration Problems

Demographic Transition and Population Development in Belarus: Theory and Reality

Abstract The population transition theory provides a macro-level overview where one can see the connection between social and economic development and the progression of population transition. This study conducts a systematic analysis of Belarus’ social development and immigration trends over the last 30 years to investigate the regularities and generalities in its population development. Research has shown that during this period of demographic transition Belarus has characteristics that are different from the demographic transition theory. Belarus’ demographic development is characterized by negative population growth, an imbalance in the sex ratio and an aging demographic structure, all of which are inherent to the period of demographic transition. The demographic transition of Belarus is characterized by the following trends: greater difficulty in changing fertility attitudes, a lack of a stable external environment for population development, the absence of large-scale population outflow, stability with respect to the composition of the main ethnic groups, and the susceptibility of the population to chronic diseases. The solution requires a scientifically-integrated programme for the sustainable development of the population in a stable and orderly socio-economic environment. Future research should focus on the problems of migration within the region and the impact of ethnic, religious and cultural spheres on demographic development.

Nigeria Pattern of Migration: Issues on Human Sustainable Development

Aconventional interpretation on Nigerians’ migration in the 21stCentury emphasizes the acceleration and geo-spatial diversification of Nigerians from their home country to other African Countries, Europe, Asia and North America portraying a South-North Migration. Nigeria, like other Africa countries, is often seen and regarded as a country entangled with the problem of mass migration and displacement resulting from poverty, violent conflict, bad governance, insurgency and the dilapidating environmental condition. This perception, to an extent, may likely be untrue when theoretically informed researchis conducted on the pattern of migration in Nigeria. Contradicting the common ideological spread, the pattern of internal and international migration in Nigeria solely does not rest on poverty, conflict and environmental factors, but driven by a prospect for development and social transformation to increase Nigerians’ capability to contribute towards their country’s sustainable development and as such sustain future migration aspiration of the people. This paper x-rays, from a sociological perspective, the pattern, trends and determinant of migration in Nigeria. Relying majorly on secondary information sources, relevant literature on Africa Migration, with Nigeria in mind, were reviewed and criticized bringing out the overlapping knowledge gap in the literature. The review process specifically focused on varied migration process in terms of the scale, patternand reasons for migration. The precise operational model that justifies the pattern of migration in Nigeria was reviewed and applied to the varied factors responsible for migration. The paper reveals that the diversification of migration streams, changingcause of migration, the predominance of certain categories of migration such as brain-drain all had significant consequence on Nigeria’s sustainable development. The paper concluded that in as much as we want internal and international migration tobe discouraged; the responsibility is laid on government to meet the trans-migration demands ofNigerians.

Influence of size and surface charge on the adsorption behaviour of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on sand particles

The use of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles as additives and filter materials in the oil and gas industry for mitigating sand control and fines migration problems has garnered significant attention in recent years. Despite the growing interest, the effect of size and surface charge on the adsorption behaviour of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on sand particles remains inadequately studied. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating the influence of size and surface charge on the adsorption isotherm of silicon dioxide nanoparticles onto sand particles. The SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method into three different sizes (30, 70, and 120 nm), effectively providing different reactive surface areas, which were confirmed through the use of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The surface charge of the silicon dioxide was altered by functionalizing into a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged quaternary ammonium group which was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and zeta potential. Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy was used to determine the concentration of adsorbed nanoparticles in solutions with different ionic strength and electrolyte type. Data analysis involved regression models, ANOVA, and t-tests. The adsorption isotherm was best fitted by the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption. The result indicates that SiO2 size, SiO2 concentration, and SiO2 charge levels significantly affect adsorption behaviour, whereas electrolyte type and electrolyte concentration do not have a significant effect. Smaller nanoparticles exhibited higher adsorption capacity, and positively charged nanoparticles displayed greater affinity for adsorption. The presence of electrolyte and its concentration although statistically insignificant, had a negative impact on the electrostatic interactions. This study provides insights into the effect of size and surface charge on nanoparticle adsorption of nanoparticles onto sand particles, contributing to the field of sand control and fines migration.

Migration, debt, and transnational livelihood: Indian labour diasporas in the GCC states amid the pandemic

ABSTRACT South Asian labour migration to the GCC States is a debt-financed migration in which labour diasporas mobilise resources from a variety of sources, often at exorbitant interest rates, to cover migration costs. In the event of the COVID pandemic, job losses and involuntary returns compound the problem of debt-financed migration, affecting the transnational livelihood of migrant families. This paper explores how the debt-financed migration shapes the transnational livelihood of Gulf labour diasporas amid the pandemic. Empirically, this paper draws on the experiences of 60 Gulf migrants from the Indian state of Bihar. This study reports that the families diversify their labour resources by joining Gulf labour market and migration generates remittances that provide improved livelihood for their families. Although unforeseen events such as the pandemic may delay migration episodes and thus mount the debt burden on migrants, migrants nevertheless find ways to join the Gulf labour market and erk out a trananational livelihood.

Mustafa Karim’s as a Fiction Writer: An Overview

Mustafa Karim is an epoch-making fiction writer of Urdu who, while maintaining the tradition of fiction, has also given new freshness to the eastern and western perspective of fiction. His fictions are excellent in terms of technical, artistic and thematic aspects, while the themes are East and West society, World War I and II, partition of India, migration problems, violence in religions, human tolerance, class division and psychology, problems of immigrants. , made the theme of sexual freedom and promiscuity. Most of his fiction depicts the life of immigrants and emigrants. Echoes of the past, consciousness and narrative style have been adopted in these legends. Every Short story is a manifestation of tragedy, sorrow, and suffering. This article gives a brief overview of his short stories.

О миграции нефтезагрязнений в деятельном слое и возможность их проникновения в многолетнемерзлые породы

Based on the review of the published data, the article analyzes the study of the problem of oil pollution migration in the upper part of the geological environment in the conditions of the Far North, where the movement of oil pollution occurs mainly in the layer of seasonal freezing and thawing of the cryolithozone. The factors influencing the spreadability and transport of oil, including the focus on the processes of formation of possible migration routes into frozen rocks are considered. It was concluded that the processes of thawing and freezing of the active layer due to the displacement of oil from the freezing zone into the thawing zone have the biggest impact on the nature and distribution of oil pollution. The conclusion is made about the possibility of penetration of oil pollution from the contaminated active layer into the underlying permafrost.

Virtual Network Function Migration Considering Load Balance and SFC Delay in 6G Mobile Edge Computing Networks

With the emergence of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networks (SDN), Service Function Chaining (SFC) has evolved into a popular paradigm for carrying and fulfilling network services. However, the implementation of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) in sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks requires efficient resource allocation mechanisms to migrate virtual network functions (VNFs). Deep learning is a promising approach to address this problem. Currently, research on VNF migration mainly focuses on how to migrate a single VNF while ignoring the VNF sharing and concurrent migration. Moreover, most existing VNF migration algorithms are complex, unscalable, and time-inefficient. This paper assumes that each placed VNF can serve multiple SFCs. We focus on selecting the best migration location for concurrently migrating VNF instances based on actual network conditions. First, we formulate the VNF migration problem as an optimization model whose goal is to minimize the end-to-end delay of all influenced SFCs while guaranteeing network load balance after migration. Next, we design a Deep Learning-based Two-Stage Algorithm (DLTSA) to solve the VNF migration problem. Finally, we combine previous experimental data to generate realistic VNF traffic patterns and evaluate the algorithm. Simulation results show that the SFC delay after migration calculated by DLTSA is close to the optimal results and much lower than the benchmarks. In addition, it effectively guarantees the load balancing of the network after migration.

Long-time coherent integration algorithm for high-speed maneuvering target detection

Detection of high-speed maneuvering targets along with motion parameters estimation (MPE) are some of the challenging problems for modern radar systems. Such targets usually induce linear range migration (LRM), quadratic range migration (QRM), and Doppler frequency migration (DFM) problems in signal processing, resulting in severe performance degradation, especially when long time integration is needed for weak target detection. We propose an algorithm for coherent integration and MPE by combining the techniques of generalized dechirp (GD) and new axis rotation moving target detection (NAR-MTD), i.e., the GD-NAR-MTD algorithm, to solve the above problems. Specifically, the GD and NAR approaches can not only correct LRM, QRM, and DFM simultaneously with reduced rotation error in coordinate system transformation but also can abate the computational burden via frequency-domain implementation with rounding and complex addressing operations avoided, so the target’s echo energies can be well accumulated by MTD finally. Both simulation and practical radar experiments are conducted to validate the proposed algorithm. At the same time, the results by the other six typical algorithms are compared for demonstrating the superior performance of the proposed algorithm on detection and MPE. In addition, the equivalence between the practical radar experiment and the simulation experiment is analyzed by comparing the induced RMs and DFMs, which shows that the scaled equivalent experiment is persuasive in algorithm validation.

Historiography of illegal migration research as a security threat. Some considerations

This article examines the interdisciplinary research approach to illegal migration that allows the reflection of the essence of this complex phenomenon, contributes to highlighting the common (il)legalities, as well as the particularities specific to illegal migration within security studies. At the same time, the phenomenon of illegal migration has a systemic character for contemporary society and is integrative by nature. The repercussions influence different aspects of economic, social, political, cultural, etc. activities. Thus, the problem of illegal migration has a universal, interdisciplinary character, which was reflected in the emergence of some new study disciplines. In conclusion, we can mention that the problem of illegal migration is an object of interdisciplinary study, the issue of illegal migration has been, in particular, subjected to research by political scientists, sociologists, economists, and, recently, experts in the field of national and international security.

Wicked problems and the design thinking method as a tool to solve these problems. The case Alien Project

Today's global challenges are characterized by increasing complexity. This makes it possible to call these challenges so-called wicked problems, which are difficult to define clearly, have no single solution and require the involvement of multiple stakeholders for its purpose. Such complication can include a group of contemporary migration and refugee problems, which include dilemma of adaptation and integration of immigrants, or social conflicts between locals and newcomers, etc. The Design Thinking (DT) method, which is recipient- and user-oriented solution, can be used to try to solve these issues. Importantly, the beneficiaries themselves can also be involved. The purpose of this study is to present the essence of wicked problems, as well as the DT method as a tool for solving contemporary problems, including migration and refugees. The study fills the research gap on presenting a proposal for a tool in the form of the Design Thinking method for solving contemporary wicked problems, including in the setting of migrants and refugees, using the results of the ALIEN project as an example. A synthetic review of the literature on wicked problems was also conducted. The study used a qualitative method in the form of logical inference, as well as a review of the literature on the subject, studies, and reports. By addressing this issue, the authors intended to expand the existing body of global analysis in this area. As demonstrated in this paper, the DT method has been successfully used to solve wicked problems among migrants and refugees in Norway as well as Ethiopia, Senegal, USA, Colombia, Australia, France, Germany, Greece, Jordan and Iraq. International research teams, including the ALIEN project team, are seeking effective solutions to wicked problems accompanying migration and refugee processes. This empirical study discusses the application of this method to solving wicked problems surrounding migrants and refugees, especially their solution proposals developed within the ERASMUS+ ALIEN Strategic Partnerships project. The authors believe that they could be successfully used today on a large scale.

Labor migration in modern Russia: features, problems and ways to solve them

Based on the scientific study of Russian and foreign experience, the article analyzes modern migration problems and the main directions of finding ways to solve them. The authors pay special attention to the regulation of labor migration and the adaptation of foreign-cultural migrants in modern Russia, taking into account the experience of Western European countries and the specifics of Russia. The result of the study is a number of recommendations based on the accumulation of successful models of migration policy.

A Novel Coherent Integration Algorithm for Maneuvering Target Detection Based on Symmetric Instantaneous Autocorrelation Function

Detection and parameter estimation of maneuvering targets having a jerking motion are some of the challenging problems for modern radar systems. Such targets usually introduce range migration (RM) and Doppler frequency migration (DFM) problems leading to serious performance degradation in detection. To address these problems, a novel coherent integration (CI) algorithm is proposed based on a new symmetric instantaneous autocorrelation function (NSIAF), which can be utilized to reduce the order on the slow time and to eliminate the linear range migration (LRM) first. Then, the jerk and acceleration of the target are estimated after applying the keystone transform (KT) and the scaled Fourier transform (SFT); both of these are then used to construct the reference function for matched filtering. Finally, CI and target detection can be accomplished by the scaled inverse Fourier transform (SCIFT) after matched filtering. Both simulation data (this work) and practical radar experiment data (data set of others) were processed to validate the proposed algorithm. Compared with other representative algorithms, our algorithm can achieve a good balance between computational complexity and detection performance.