Energy Problems Research Articles

Mechanical and electrical properties of two-dimensional BN doped with carbon group elements: first-principles calculations

Abstract Research of low-dimensional nanomaterials provides a direction for solving the problems of energy and environmental pollution. In this work, the regulation mechanism of doping carbon group elements X (X = C, Si, Ge, Pb, Sn) on mechanical and electrical properties of 2D monolayer BN are investigated by first-principles calculations. Two doping sites were selected, replace B atoms (B15N16X) or N atoms (B16N15X). Lower relative enthalpies and the elastic constants, which conforming to the mechanical stability standard, fully prove the stability of the doping system. Compared with B15N16X, B16N15X has larger structural distortion, smaller elastic constants and modulus, and is more inclined to ductility. With the increase of atomic radius, the deformation degree increases and the elastic parameters decrease. C-doped by replacing B atoms improves the elastic mechanical properties of monolayer BN. Sn-doped and Pb-doped modulate the monolayer BN into ductility. More importantly, all doped configurations exhibit magnetism. The indirect band gap of the undoped system can also be modulated into a direct band gap, B15N16C, B16N15Si and B16N15Ge all have direct band gaps in the spin-down direction. Asymmetric impurity energy levels DOS further verify the magnetism of the reference system.

Assessing energy vulnerability in Colombia using a multidimensional index

Energy vulnerability studies are conducted to identify and address the multidimensional causes of energy problems of a territory. Colombia faces substantial energy challenges, including sustained excess demand, slow supply expansion, rising tariffs, flow intermittency and power instability. It is a tropical developing country undergoing an energy transition and characterized by significant cultural, geographical, and demographic diversity. This article assesses the energy vulnerability of Colombia's 32 departments and its capital district through a Multidimensional Energy Vulnerability Index (MEVI). The MEVI is a measure ranging from 0 to 1 that evaluates energy vulnerability through 12 indicators across four dimensions: social, environmental, technical, and economic. To construct the index, a multivariate analysis using Cronbach's Alpha was conducted, and the min-max normalization method was employed. Additionally, a specific weighting system of the dimensions accompanied by an additive aggregation function was utilized to synthesize the various indicators into a unified index. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the index, incorporating variations in key inputs such as the weighting scheme and data processing methods. The mean energy vulnerability score was 0.6, indicating that the departments of Colombia do not have extreme energy vulnerability. The territories with the highest energy vulnerability include the Departments of Vaupés, Guainía, Vichada, and Amazonas. In these cases, effective government policy is necessary to provide more energy security, which requires improvements across nearly all indicators involved in the calculation of the index. A discussion on the policies that could be implemented is presented in the document.

Distributed robust [formula omitted]asso-[formula omitted] based on [formula omitted]ash optimization for smart grid: Guaranteed robustness and stability

The integration of variable renewable energy supplies into smart grid energy management poses several obstacles to system operation. An efficient solution for resource management is essential to ensuring reliable operation. This research presents distributed robust Lasso-model predictive control (D − RLMPC) as a way to handle energy problems in a multi-layer and multi-time frame optimization method. The D − RLMPC is a hierarchical system that integrates a centralized supervisory management (SM) layer for long-term optimization with a distributed coordination management (CM) layer for short-term adaptation to high power fluctuations. The higher layer, known as the SM, is responsible for providing the grid operator with specific operating plans and offering guidance to the bottom layer, known as the CM. The CM is responsible for coordinating the interaction between the centralized optimization goals and the physical power system layer. Furthermore, a distributed extended Kalman filter (DEKF) is used to ascertain the inter-dependencies among subsystems. Next, an iterative approach based on Nash optimization is proposed to get the globally optimum solution of the whole system in a partly distributed manner. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach, which combines the advantages of centralized and distributed control to provide a comprehensive solution for the grid operating issue. To verify and assess the effectiveness of the suggested approach, the acquired outcomes are compared to those of the centralized robust, distributed robust, and distributedMPC approaches. The simulation findings confirm the practicality of using the suggested system to manage future smart grid assets.

Effect of Fatty Acid on Melting and Solidification of Erythritol

Abstract One of the solutions to energy problems is the reuse of waste heat. One way to reuse waste heat is to use latent heat storage materials. Erythritol, of which melting point is the temperature range between 100 and 200°C, has attracted much attention as latent heat storage materials. However, as usual erythritol shows the large supercooling, its supercooling degree must be decreased to use for latent heat storage material. To achieve this, we have investigated the mixed erythritol with fatty acids as addition agents. Samples were prepared by physically mixing of erythritol and fatty acids such as (lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid). In this study, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used (to evaluate the sample temperature program: 30→140→0→30°C, heating rate: 5°C/min, atmosphere: N2 gas). The degree of supercooling was calculated from the DSC curve. And also, a camera was used to capture and discuss the freezing process. The erythritol physically mixed with fatty acids showed a higher freezing point and lower degree of supercooling than pure erythritol. The mixing myristic acid with erythritol significantly lowers the supercooling degree. The erythritol sample with palmitic acid or stearic acid did not show as low supercooling degree as that with myristic acid. Additionally, with lauric acid or myristic acid, the erythritol sample solidified simultaneously, while sample solidified separately with palmitic acid or stearic acid added. In summary, it was found that physical mixing of fatty acids and erythritol decreased in the supercooling degree. Furthermore, the crystallization temperatures of the sample with lauric acid or myristic acid were altered by changing the fatty acids.

The Shocking Truth: Why Renewable Energy in Maluriwu Village is Falling to Meet Public Needs

The challenges of renewable energy at the village level leave problems that are not yet optimal in practice to facilitate public needs, especially in Maluriwu Village, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Although the provision of renewable energy supports the provision of public services, the facts are not significant. Furthermore, the method adopted is descriptive qualitative to understand the problem of renewable energy as a means of providing public needs at the village level. Data were obtained through interviews by identifying participants competent in providing information related to the research theme. The findings reveal that there is a gap between community participation and community expectations when planning programs. There is a lack of community representation in the discussion forums that were initiated, where there are concerns and dissatisfaction with the program promised by the government. In general, these findings require special attention from the government to village residents to provide public services through appropriate policies.

Green energy using oscillatory baffled reactors: advances in biodiesel production from high free fatty acid karanja oil

Abstract The global demand for sustainable and ecologically friendly energy sources has spurred biodiesel research. Civilization, urbanization, and population growth have drastically boosted transportation energy consumption. Energy demand is causing fossil fuel crises. Replace petroleum diesel to solve energy and environmental problems. Biofuels have very vast scope in the area of energy sector. Karanja oil, derived from the seeds of the Karanja tree (Pongamia pinnata), is a promising biodiesel feedstock due to its high Free Fatty Acid content. This study uses Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (OBR) to produce biodiesel from Karanja oil. The feedstock is high-FFA Karanja oil trans-esterified in two steps. In OBR, reaction time is only 15 min, whereas in conventional reactor it takes 1–2 h to produce biodiesel. Optimizing biodiesel synthesis involved varying H2SO4 concentrations from 1 vol% to 5 vol% and 0.3 to1.0 wt% of NaOH concentration for first and second step respectively. Oil-to-alcohol molar ratios 1:6, 1:9 and 1:12. Optimization occurs at 1:12 oil-to-alcohol ratio, 1 vol% H2SO4 catalyst, and 0.6 wt% NaOH catalyst. Studies have also examined how catalyst concentration and oil: alcohol molar ratio affect biodiesel conversion and physical qualities such kinetic viscosity, specific gravity, and acid value. This study shows that OBR can increase biodiesel production from high-FFA Karanja oil, which further opens up opportunities for additional study and improvement.

Investigating middle school science teachers’ stock-flow, causal-loop, and dynamic thinking skills with scenario-based questions

ABSTRACT In recent years, the world has been facing many serious and complex problems, such as climate change, clean energy, and health problems. More comprehensive, holistic, and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to address such complex and global problems. The systems thinking approach in education provides a holistic approach that focuses on the interactions and relationships among components within complex systems at different levels. This study aims to investigate the systems thinking skills of science teachers using three scenario-based questions related to stock-flow thinking, causal-loop thinking, and dynamic thinking skills. The eight middle school science teachers were the participants of the study. Data were collected through online interviews, the qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that teachers had varying levels of ability to think in terms of stock flows, to think dynamically, and to think in terms of causal loops in the context of domain-general scenario-based questions. The results of the study suggest that the systems thinking and system dynamics approach inherent in science education can be incorporated into teacher training curricula and workshops to improve teachers’ systems thinking skills.

Енергетична безпека України: екологічні та військові загрози

This paper discusses the role of energy security in national security. It is posited that the latter should be positioned much more broadly than economic security, because currently in the Russian- Ukrainian war, the aggressor state has chosen the energy infrastructure as the purpose of conducting an armed struggle, which violates the norms of international humanitarian law regarding harm to the civilian population. With the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the aggressor country into Ukraine, the problem of national security for Ukraine acquires special importance, as it concerns the well-being and real provision of the right to life of millions of citizens of our country. Energy security is a key factor in the vital activity of the state, because any obstacles in the functioning of the energy complex have an extremely painful effect on the entire economy and social sphere. The authors indicate that global energy problems include uneven distribution of geological reserves of the main types of fuel resources, especially scarce natural gas, increased financial instability of the economy in recent decades, increased interstate hostilities, and climate disasters. It is stated that the transition from an analog to a digital approach in the legal regulation of the state’s energy systemcontinues, digital technologies will make energy systems more connected, intelligent, efficient, reliable and sustainable in the coming decades. Having generally positively assessed the legal means of solving the problem of energy security, the article notes that the digitalization of the energy system in the EU opens up new opportunities for ensuring a stable and competitive market, but it also carries significant threats. First, reliance on digital technologies can increase vulnerability to cyber threats, putting the security of energy 0systems at risk. Secondly, the risk of a digital divide between EU member states may lead to uneven development and access to new technologies. Finally, the growth of data volume raises the issue of privacy and protection of personal information, which requires a clear regulatory framework.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AS BASIS OF ENERGY SECURITY IN THE LEADING COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

The article provides an analysis of the political goals of the leading countries of the world in terms of energy efficiency and the transition to alternative energy sources, and concludes that energy efficiency is in the focus of policy not because of environmental factors, but due to the strengthening of energy security in certain Western countries. The priority of energy efficiency as the basis of energy security leads to a situation when cheap energy resources of the exporting country are not considered a competitive advantage. An environment where not only economic (economic expediency), but also political choice (the search for new spheres of influence) is crucial, is emerging. Solving energy problems goes beyond the limits of standard economic tasks and is impossible without political goal-setting and will. Improving energy efficiency can create new competitive advantages for the state, such as universal access to energy. It is not possible to make a rapid transition to alternative energy sources, but in the long term, an active policy on energy efficiency and the use of alternative sources can yield high results in the energy sector. Competition in the world in the field of non-renewable energy sources will increase in the future, therefore, solving the problem of energy efficiency should be a top priority in order to prevent public issues such as the energy security of future generations. In this regard, it is important to identify the relationship between energy efficiency, the use of alternative energy sources and energy security in Russia's economic policy and to approve the priority of energy efficiency at all levels: national, regional and municipal one.

Enhanced Hydrogen Production via Photothermal-Coupled Ultrasound Pyrolysis of Waste Bio-Oil.

The creation of hydrogen using the lower-cost feedstock, waste organics (WOs), e. g. kitchen waste bio-oil, is a win-win solution, because it can both solve energy problems and reduce environmental pollution. Ultrasound has received considerable interest in organic decomposition; however, the application of ultrasound alone is not a good choice for the hydrogen production from WOs, because of the energy consumption and efficiency. To boost the hydrogen production based on ultrasonic cavitation cracking of bio-oil, photothermal materials are introduced into the hydrogen production system to form localized hot spots. Materials carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) all exhibit significant enhancing effects on the hydrogen production from bio-oil, and the CB exhibits the most significant strengthening effect among these materials. When the dosage of CB is 5 mg, hydrogen production rate is 180.1 μmol h-1, representing a notable 1.7-fold increase compared to the production rate without CB. In the presence of light and ultrasound, the hydrogen production rate can be increased by 66.7-fold compared to the situation where only light is present without ultrasound.

Photoelectrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate Using a BiVO4/ZIF-8 Heterojunction.

Converting CO2 into high-value chemical fuels through green photoelectrocatalytic reaction path is considered as a potential strategy to solve energy and environmental problems. In this work, BiVO4/ZIF-8 heterojunctions are prepared by in-situ synthesis of ZIF-8 nanocrystals with unique pore structure on the surface of BiVO4. The experimental results show that the silkworm pupa-like BiVO4 is successfully combined with porous ZIF-8, and the introduction of ZIF-8 can provide more sites for CO2 capture. The optimal composite ratio of 4 : 1-BiVO4/ZIF-8 exhibits excellent CO2 reduction activity and the lowest electrochemical transport resistance. In the electrocatalytic system, the formate Faraday efficiency of 4 : 1-BiVO4/ZIF-8 at -1.0 V vs. RHE is 82.60 %. Furthermore, in the photoelectrocatalytic system, the Faraday efficiency increases to 91.24 % at -0.9 V vs. RHE, which is 10.8 times higher than the pristine BiVO4. The results show that photoelectric synergism can not only reduce energy consumption, but also improve the Faraday efficiency of formate. In addition, the current density did not decrease during 34 h electrolysis, showing long-term stability. This work highlights the importance of the construction of heterojunction to improve the performance of photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Experimental investigations on the performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen enriched Bio-CNG in a common rail direct injection dual fuel diesel engine

The current energy and environmental problems demand the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable fuels. Research shows that hydrogen-enriched CNG fuels enhance the thermal efficiency of diesel engines while reducing gaseous emissions. This experimental work investigates the performance and emissions parameters of a diesel engine in dual fuel mode with hydrogen-enriched Bio-CNG (HBCNG). It is performed on a single-cylinder, four-stroke common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine at 1500 rpm and 3.5 kW. The outcomes of this experiment are compared to a neat diesel operation. It is observed that at low load with 30% gaseous fuel substitution (GFS), brake thermal efficiency decreases by 13.70% and 15.53% for hydrogen and BCNG-enriched diesel, respectively. Similarly, at medium load, with the gaseous mixture of 40% H2 and 60% BCNG co-combusted with 60% diesel, the BTE improves by 15.83%. At high load, 40% gaseous fuel mixture (40% H2 + 60% BCNG) combustion with diesel results in 21.25% enhanced BTE. Moreover, at the same load condition and GFS, emissions of HC increase by 41.59%, CO decreases by 30%, CO2 decreases by 55.36%, and NOx decreases by 25.94%.

A novel heat recovery VRF system: Principle and cooling performance analysis

Faced with an increasingly severe energy problem and increased demand for indoor comfort, heat recovery VRF systems have demonstrated remarkable potential for energy conservation. However, traditional heat recovery VRF systems need more suboptimal energy efficiency in terms of cooling and dehumidification and fail to guarantee precise temperature and humidity control in specific environments. In this study, a novel heat recovery VRF system that can achieve highly efficient cooling while ensuring precise humidity control is proposed. It can realize four primary operation modes by changing the function of indoor heat exchangers. The results showed that the optimal volume ratio of the two compressor cylinders was 1.4, which was used as the design parameter for the system. Compared to the single-evaporation temperature system, the proposed double-evaporation temperature system has better energy efficiency and dehumidification capacity in the cooling mode. The cooling coefficient of performance (COP) can be increased by 3.18 %–6.05 %, the compressor energy consumption can be reduced by 3.07 %–7.03 %, and the moisture extraction rate and latent heat ratio of the system can be increased by 5.6 %–33.3 %.

PV Based Microgrid for Remote Area Electrification in Nigeria: A Systematic Review of Concepts and Extant Strategies

Centralized power generation, transmission and distribution system operations in Nigeria can no longer deliver affordable and reliable electricity to remote households, both on and off the national grid. Therefore, a balanced approach, through renewable energy generation is the best option that would potentially lead accelerated journey to full electrification in the country. Renewable energy has become a panacea to energy problems worldwide because it is clean, environmentally friendly and ultimately cheaper. Due to the massive capacity of Nigeria to generate electricity from its numerous green energy resources, it has become crystal clear that access to sustainable and reliable energy in Nigeria is required for proper economic and social development. This work is based on an extensive review of recent experiences of more than 120 papers covering mostly the off-grid PV sector in the past 15years. The review included: scientific journals, conference papers, (PhD) theses, books and scientific reports from governments/NGOs and publications from energy institutions. A comprehensive review of relevant concepts and current microgrids optimization strategies applied to sizing, siting, load estimation and energy management has been conducted. Future research directions and potential of PV based microgrids for rural electrification have equally been specified.

Nitrogen-doped ZnIn2S4 and TPA multi-dimensional synergistically enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production

To alleviate the environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels, photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen is an important way to solve energy and environmental problems. Here, Nitrogen-doped ZnIn2S4 (N-ZIS) composite tungsten-based polyoxometalate (TPA) composites (denoted as N-ZIS/TPA) were synthesized by a one-step solvothermal method. The introduction of N3– instead of S2− in ZIS changes the internal electron arrangement of ZIS, improves the electronegativity of ZIS, and is conducive to the surface adsorption of positively charged H*. At the same time, the impurity energy level is generated at the valence band position, which narrows the band gap and broadens the light absorption range, thereby promoting photocatalytic hydrogen production. After compounding, due to the adjustable redox properties of TPA itself, the internal W6+ part is reduced to W4+, resulting in the coexistence of W6+ and W4+ in the composite material, which fully verifies the flow of interface electrons from N-ZIS to TPA. The close contact between N-ZIS and TPA and the built-in electric field’s driving force help achieve efficient interfacial charge transfer. At the same time, W6+/W4+ redox pairs were introduced to accelerate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the best sample 1N-ZIS/TPA-15 is as high as 17345.53 μmol·g−1·h−1, which is 2.92 times that of N-ZIS (5940.08 μmol·g−1·h−1) and 8.03 times that of ZIS (2159.22 μmol·g−1·h−1). This study explores the design and construction of efficient s-type heterojunctions by adjusting the energy band position of ZnIn2S4 as a new strategy in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Adaptive sparse structure development with pruning and regeneration for spiking neural networks

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are more biologically plausible and computationally efficient. Therefore, SNNs have the natural advantage of drawing the sparse structural plasticity of brain development to alleviate the energy problems of deep neural networks caused by their complex and fixed structures. However, previous SNNs compression works are lack of in-depth inspiration from the brain development plasticity mechanism. This paper proposed a novel method for the adaptive structural development of SNN (SD-SNN), introducing dendritic spine plasticity-based synaptic constraint, neuronal pruning and synaptic regeneration. We found that synaptic constraint and neuronal pruning can detect and remove a large amount of redundancy in SNNs, coupled with synaptic regeneration can effectively prevent and repair over-pruning. Moreover, inspired by the neurotrophic hypothesis, neuronal pruning rate and synaptic regeneration rate were adaptively adjusted during the learning-while-pruning process, which eventually led to the structural stability. Experimental results on spatial and temporal datasets demonstrate that our method can flexibly learn appropriate compression rate for various tasks and effectively achieve superior performance while massively reducing the network energy consumption. Specifically, for the neuromorphic DVS-Gesture dataset, 98.56% accuracy with 1.45% improvement is achieved by our method when the compression rate reaches 61.10%. Our code is available at: https://github.com/BrainCog-X/Brain-Cog/tree/main/examples/Structural_Development/SD-SNN.

Using a Previsit Questionnaire for Initial Visits in a Pediatric Mitochondrial Clinic: Perspectives of Parents, a Specialty Physician, and a Clinical Coordinator.

Objective: In this study, we assessed the usefulness of a previsit questionnaire for children who were referred for an initial evaluation in a mitochondrial subspecialty clinic. We explored the themes regarding parent's questions, concerns, and goals. We aimed to add to existing knowledge about the usefulness of previsit questionnaires in a pediatric specialty setting from the perspective of parents, the specialist, and the clinical coordinator. Method: We enrolled 25 patients and their parent(s) over 25 months. Questionnaires were completed by the parent(s), the clinical coordinator, and the mitochondrial specialist. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to summarize results. Results: Parental responses suggested that they are most concerned about their child's clinical problems, communication, language and developmental delays, disease progression and prognosis, understanding mitochondrial disease, quality of life, and physical challenges including muscle and energy problems. Parents felt the previsit questionnaire was very helpful for both the doctor and for themselves to be prepared for their visit. The specialist and the clinical coordinator also found it to be helpful. Parental comments suggested that they felt that writing down the story of their child's life was helpful for the provider, allowed time for reflection, and improved the appointment experience. Some felt it was a difficult or redundant activity. Conclusion: Parents were often pleased to complete the previsit questionnaire. This allowed them to highlight concerns and share information that they wanted the care team to know about their child. We revised the tool based on feedback from parents and the specialist and will continue to use it in our clinic.

Construction of a Bi2S3/Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Composite Catalyst with S Vacancies for Efficient Piezo-Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production with low environmental and economic costs is expected to be a powerful means to alleviate energy and environmental problems. However, how to inhibit the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers is a challenge that photocatalytic hydrogen production has to face. In this study, the coupling of the piezoelectric effect and vacancy engineering into the photocatalytic reaction process synergistically promoted carrier separation, thereby promoting the improvement of hydrogen production performance. Specifically, the novel dual piezoelectric Bi2S3/Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BS-12/BNT) piezo-photocatalyst rich in S vacancies was synthesized by an impregnation method. The hydrogen generation rate of 5% BS-12/BNT under the combined impact of light and ultrasound was up to 1019.39 μmol/g/h, which is 9.5 times higher than that of pure BNT. Various characterization analyses have confirmed that the piezoelectric-photocatalytic activity of BS/BNT composite materials is significantly improved, mainly due to the introduction of S vacancies and piezoelectric fields, which enhance the absorption of sunlight, reduce interface resistance, and so raise the photogenerated carriers' separation efficiency. In addition, the stability of BS/BNT is significantly better than that of the previously synthesized catalysts. Finally, according to the results of XPS, UV-vis, and ESR, the active groups and possible electron transfer paths generated during the piezoelectric-photocatalytic hydrogen production process were studied. This work presents a new approach to promote hydrogen production performance through the synergistic effect of the piezoelectric effect and S vacancies.

Construction of a Z-scheme heterojunction based on two-dimensional Janus materials XWSiN2 (X=S; Se; Te) for effective photocatalytic water splitting by DFT

Photocatalysts play an important role in solving energy problems, and Z-scheme heterojunctions have garnered significant interest due to their ability to efficiently separate photogenerated carriers and improve redox capacity. In this work, we construct a Z-scheme heterojunction by substituting Se and Te for S atoms in the SWSiN2 bilayer. The findings demonstrate that they have high kinetic stability, and the construction of heterojunctions can narrow the bandgap, effectively improving light absorption. The existence of the built-in electric field can be explained by studying the charge density difference, which breaks through the band gap limitation in water photocatalytic splitting. Their photocatalytic characteristics with and without strain are described in depth, with the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) of TeWSiN2/SWSiN2 surpassing 30 % under no strain. With tensile strain, SeWSiN2/SWSiN2 energy bands rise, but TeWSiN2/SWSiN2 energy bands decrease. Meanwhile, the band edge arrangement of XWSiN2/SWSiN2 (X=Se; Te) becomes smaller with increasing strain. The spectral finite maximum efficiency of SeWSiN2/SWSiN2 increases from 12 % to 27 % and shows good light absorption (ηSTH = 10.60 % for SeWSiN2/SWSiN2, ηSTH = 14.17 % for TeWSiN2/SWSiN2) and carrier utilization.

Modulation Strategies for Improving Electrocatalytic Performance of Transition Metal Phosphides

AbstractWith growing concerns regarding global warming and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, there is an increasingly urgent demand for electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies, including zinc‐air batteries, fuel cells, and integrated water splitting systems. The development of cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalysts is pivotal to the commercial viability of electrocatalytic technologies related to energy. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising electrocatalysts in the energy sector owing to their adjustable electronic structure, abundant availability, and distinctive physicochemical properties. Modification of transition metal phosphides can be expected to result in enhanced catalytic performance. In this paper, several commonly employed strategies for improving performance including elemental doping, M/P stoichiometric ratios tuning, vacancy engineering, heterointerface engineering and carbon materials incorporation, which are of reference value for promoting the development of TMPs electrocatalysts and constructing highly active TMPs electrocatalysts to solve a variety of energy and environmental problems.