Problem Of Drug Addiction Research Articles

Ethical aspects of the drug addiction problem

The problem of drug addiction among young people is attracting public attention due to the quantitative dimensions of the phenomenon and some of its qualitative connotations.

Наркотики в армии: постановка вопроса и попытка переосмысления данной проблемы в мировом масштабе. Часть I

The purpose of the study is to study the determinants (social, moral, behavioral, psychophysiological, purely pathological, etc.) that can motivate military personnel to consume illegal psychoactive substances. An additional goal is the desire to give an objective assessment of the attempts of Western politicians to create a “universal soldier”, and in fact, a kamikaze of the 21st century (“suicide bomber-drug addict”). Research methods: the theoretical and methodological basis of the work is a set of philosophical, criminological, socio-psychological, medical-biological and political science approaches through which the problem of drug addiction in the military environment is studied. The criminological concept of causality and the interdisciplinary approach to the study of drug crime were most widely used in the process of writing this article. Conclusions: despite the fact that military personnel are an organic part of society, drug addiction in the army should be considered as a rather specific social phenomenon. Drug consumption in the military environment (at the micro level) shows an upward trend only in cases where the psychological and pedagogical support of personnel is not carried out professionally enough, and the discipline and microclimate in the team “leave much to be desired.” In general (already at the macro level), the determination of drug use by military personnel is determined by the influence of social, socio-economic, political, cultural (subcultural), psychological (including ethnopsychological) and medical and biological factors. The problems of drug addiction among personnel are more relevant for NATO countries than for Russia (which over many centuries has developed its own, unique approach to educating defenders of the Fatherland). The experiments of Western specialists on “mind control” of military personnel using all kinds of drugs (stimulants) and neurochips deserve close attention. Such activities (directed to harm people) should be recognized as inhumane and illegal. Scientific and practical significance of the study: The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the research results lies in the fact that it provides a clinical and psychological interpretation of the aggressive and violent behavior of military personnel who abuse psychotropic substances and narcotic drugs (using the example of personnel of the armies of foreign states). The practical significance of this article lies in the fact that the conclusions and recommendations formulated in it can contribute to the development of measures to optimize educational and psychological-pedagogical work with military personnel of the Russian army, for the early identification of persons both distributing prohibited psychoactive substances among colleagues and regularly using them.

Features of anti-drug work with students of non-medical specialties of higher and secondary professional education in the Kursk region in the conditions of post-pandemic reality

The problem of drug addiction is a problem that affects all spheres of society: economic, political, legal, large-scale, moral. Throughout post-Soviet history, since only the silence of these phenomena was a crisis, drug addiction has been an exclusively youth problem. Works from the 1990s to the early 2000s pointed to a rejuvenation of drug addiction problems: the most progressive drug addiction was in the age group from 15 to 19 years, and in the period from 2000 to 2010, the average age of initiation of drug addiction decreased to 10-14 years [7 ]. From 2012 – 2014 There was a tendency towards a restructuring of the morbidity structure, and it was revealed that the most vulnerable group of the population are people aged 18 to 40 years [6]. The average age of first trial has also shifted towards adulthood [3]. All this indicates that student youth are the most vulnerable to drug addiction risk factors. With the onset of the pandemic and the lockdown, teenagers and young people found themselves in London. Many were forced to be alone for several days due to sudden poisoning, many suffered due to losses at work and their only source of income. At the same time, psychological risk factors associated with drug use have worsened [6]. According to the data obtained by the Russian authorities, due to the reduction in the distribution and availability of narcotic substances in the first two months of the pandemic, there was a rapid decline in the detection of drug-related crimes. However, after some time, the popularity of not only communication on social networks increased, but also the sale of drugs through them among teenagers and students. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, drug distribution and trafficking have increased in the context of the web, and since the summer of 2020, the volumes of the illegal drug market have recovered and increased to heights [8, 9]. Thus, the period under study is 2022–2023. The youth community approached in the context of the consequences of serious psychological trauma, a shortage of anti-drug information during the covid period and an intensification of the illegal supply of drugs. Prevention 2022 – 2023 – this is largely ―catching up.‖

ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ТЕОРИЙ В ПРАКТИКУ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ С НАРКОПОТРЕБИТЕЛЯМИ В СИСТЕМЕ ПРОБАЦИИ

The research’s relevance is caused by the need to improve the effectiveness of social work with drug users in the probation system. Drug users face problems such as social stigma, weak social ties, and limited resources. The study is aimed to analyze sociological theories for application in the practice of social work with drug users in the probation system. A literature review and analysis of documents on sociological theories and problems of drug addiction were used. The following results were achieved. The theory of stigmatization helps to analyze the impact of stigma on drug users and develop methods to reduce stigma. Social network theory provides insight into the role of social connections. Recovery capital theory analyzes the available resources and support. The article concludes that these sociological theories contribute to a deeper understanding of drug users’ problems and the development of more effective strategies for rehabilitation and reintegration into society.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for a case of addiction with personality disorder (clinical case study)

The problem of drug abuse and addiction is one of the most complex problems that affects all countries worldwide, due to the serious damage it can cause to various health, psychological, social, economic and security aspects. All countries strive to fight it by any means necessary. The World Health Organization defines addiction as the compulsive desire to continue using or obtaining a substance by any means, with a tendency to increase the dose taken. This addiction causes psychological and physical dependence and a detrimental effect on both individuals and society. This complicates the treatment project process, especially if the patient/addict suffers from psychological and/or mental disorders associated with addiction. In particular, personality disorders have a direct impact on the behaviors, performance, functions and thinking patterns of the sufferer. As the latter adopts an unhealthy and rigid pattern that causes them and those around them to suffer several psychological, health, social, professional and relational problems... Relatedly, we decided to present a clinical case with a dual diagnosis, as this patient has been suffering from the consequences of addiction for many years accompanied by a personality disorder. As for the clinical symptoms that top the clinical board of the case, we find a complete aversion to his body as he has not looked in the mirror for nearly 30 years. The patient has lost the symbolic representation of his body as a physical reality through which it is located internally, externally and cognitively. This comes in addition to severe clinical suffering at the level of familial, social and professional relationships, which made him live in a state of permanent social isolation. In our therapeutic approach to the condition, we use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a common type of psychotherapy in a regular manner, through a limited number of therapeutic sessions. The therapeutic intervention was carried out at the level of perception of incorrect or negative thinking, which enabled difficult situations to be presented more clearly and responded to in a more effective manner. Keywords: addiction, personality disorder, cognitive behavioral therapy.

Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Assessing Drug Use Motives in the General Population in South Korea.

Drug use is increasing in South Korea, necessitating evidence-based policy interventions. However, there is a dearth of reliable tools for identifying the personal and psychological factors that drive drug use among Korean adults. In this study, we developed and validated an instrument based on a motivational model to measure drug use motivation in the Korean context. A survey was administered online to 250 Korean adults aged 19-59. Of the initial 37 potential items evaluated, 23 were retained after exploratory factor analysis. Based on their relevance and factor loadings, the final scale consisted of 15 items distributed across five distinct factors: enhancement, coping, social, positive expectancy, and negative expectancy. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the strong fit of the five-factor model. Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by the significant correlations between the five factors and the selected criterion variables. This instrument can be used in research initiatives related to drug addiction and can provide basic data for policy interventions intended to curb drug addiction problems in South Korea. The novelty and broad applicability of this instrument make it invaluable for exploring the psychological underpinnings of drug use in South Korea.

The problem of anesthesia of regional society (on the example of the Republic of Mordovia)

Target: the aim is to identify the factors contributing to the involvement of the population of the Republic of Mordovia in drug use.Materials and methods. The study was conducted among residents of the Republic of Mordovia aged 14 to 60 years. Here we used a multi-stage sampling with quota selection of respondents at the last stage. A two-stage cluster analysis was applied to determine the factors of population involvement in drug use.Results. The study showed that the population is aware of the seriousness of the problem of drug addiction in the country. However, other questions require priority resolution at the respondent’s place of residence.The article compares the indicators of the spread of non-medical drug use according to official medical statistics and the results of sociological research. There is a discrepancy between the values of the prevalence of non-medical drug use according to the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Mordovia and the data of sociological studies. According to the study, the proportion of the population of Mordovia who consume drugs is 0,7%. The main factors of involvement in drug use were the social environment, the influence of the Internet, and the availability of narcotic drugs.Conclusion. According to the analysis, two clusters are identified. The first one forms the majority (90%) of the inhabitants of Mordovia. It includes those who have not received offers to try drugs, do not use the Internet to get information about drugs and who do not have drug users in their social environment. The second cluster (10%) included respondents who received an offer to try drugs, who were familiar with drug users and resorted to the Internet for drug information. The socio-demographic characteristics of the second cluster differ from the general sample, men prevail here, and the population in the age ranges from 21 to 25 years, 26–30 years and 31–35 years.

Феномен наркозависимости в интерпретации Русской Православной Церкви

Drug addiction is a complex spiritual, political, medical, social and legal problem. Trying to solve it, the state is developed an anti-drug policy that includes a possibility for religious organizations to participate in the prevention of non-medical drug use and the rehabilitation of drug addicts. In 2012 the Church approved a document “On the participation of the Russian Orthodox Church in the rehabilitation of drug addicts” and actively developing social work. The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Approval of the Strategy of the State Anti-Drug Policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030" calls on religious organizations to develop a position that will enrich the anti-drug ideology according to "traditional values" . This calls the Church the task of developing a theological argument about the dangers of drug use. In this regard, it seems relevant to analyze the theoretical and practical developments of the ROC in this area. The author of the article asks the questions: What are the legal and theological grounds for the ROC's approach to the problem of drug addiction? What anthropological ideas are used to describe the phenomenon of drug addiction? The first part of the article presents a systematization of theoretical ideas related to the topic of drug addiction, reflected in the church regulations of the ROC. The second part presents an analysis of the opinions of clergy and lay practitioners. The author comes to the conclusion that by developing its own approach, the Church remains in the field of the political, medical, legal aspects of the problem, which leads to the ideologization of the language in which the Church speaks about the problem.

Topical issues of drug addiction criminological characteristics in Ukraine

It has been noted that drug addiction is a person’s mental and physical dependence on narcotic substances that occurs as a result of systematic drug use. In the course of drug addiction, a pathological dependence on any narcotic substance develops, which is accompanied by physical and mental addiction to the drug, which in turn negatively affects the psychophysiological functioning of the body.
 It has been argued that the key problems of drug addiction in Ukraine are the following: socio-economic problems in the country; insufficient preventive work among the population; perception of drugs as a means of social interaction; lack of alternatives in solving personal problems; unproductive justice system; high level of corruption; low level of self-awareness; open borders.
 It has been stated that the criminological characteristic of drug addiction in Ukraine can be revealed through a combination of the following factors: drug addiction is a factor that contributes to the commission of crimes in order to obtain funds to buy drugs; drug addiction causes changes in the behaviour and thinking of the addict, and therefore may lead to an increase in the likelihood of committing crimes; it may be the cause of violence or other crimes, as it promotes aggressive behaviour and reduces inhibition; it reduces the social adaptation of the addict, which increases the likelihood that the person will become a criminal; drug addiction can cause a loss of control over one's own behaviour and a decrease in self-esteem, which, in turn, is a determining factor in crime.
 It has been summarised that crime and drug addiction are directly interrelated, which requires a comprehensive approach to counteract them. To combat this problem, it is necessary not only to provide medical care for drug addicts, but also to develop social and criminal policies that will help reduce the spread of drug addiction and the number of crimes committed.

Examining the relationship between spiritual health and mental health with drug addiction among the student population in central Iran

Background and aims: It has been nearly a century since human society has been determined to find a fundamental solution to the problem of drug addiction, as one of the fundamental problems of human life. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual and mental health and the tendency to addiction in the student population of Kashan. Methods: In this Analytical cross-sectional research, the statistical population included the 600 participants of students aged 18 to 35 in Kashan city, and Simple Random Sampling was done from universities of medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, and Kashan University in 2018-2019. The students completed questionnaires about spiritual health, mental health, and the tendency to use drugs, and the results obtained after collecting and recording were analyzed by statistical tests using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The average scores of the students in terms of mental health, spiritual health, spiritual health from the perspective of Islam, and readiness for addiction were 1.01±0.70, 75.10±20.83, 86.43±21.26 and 30.95±20.34, respectively. Spiritual health, spiritual health from the perspective of Islam, and readiness for addiction were related to the age (P<0.05), gender, educational level (P<0.05), and marriage (P<0.001) of the students. Conclusion: Considering the positive and significant role of spiritual health in mental health, strengthening the spiritual dimension can improve mental health, reduce mental disorders, reduce the desire to use drugs, and continue the course of addiction treatment.

Нарколабораторії: судово-фармацевтичний, судово-експертний, судово-токсикологічний, судово-хімічний, кримінально-правовий огляд для протидії наркобізнесу, нелегального обігу заборонених психоактивних речовин, захворюваності

The prevalence of drug addiction and toxic addiction, as a component of the epidemic of overdoses with prohibited psychoactive substances, continues to affect communities around the world, leading to an unprecedented number of overdose deaths every year. Forensic and pharmaceutical, forensic and expert, forensic and toxicological, forensic and chemical, criminal and legal study of the illegal circulation of prohibited psychoactive substances was conducted. The relevance of taking measures to eliminate drug laboratories as a component of organized drug business was substantiated. Forensic and pharmaceutical practice was analyzed. The experience of the countries of the world and Ukraine regarding the problem of drug addiction was studied. The consequences of narcotization of the population and the spread of addictive dependence, comorbid disorders, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and hepatitis were studied. Normative initiatives to combat the illegal circulation of psychoactive substances of classification and legal groups were proposed.

Substance Abuse among University Students: Assessing Prevalence, Risk and Preventive Measures

Objectives: This research was undertaken to determine the prevalence and beliefs about drug abuse among university students in Jordan and to recommend certain preventive measures for the problem of drug addiction.
 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted in April 2021 and included 679 students from private and public universities in Jordan. Students were asked to fill out the study survey through social media (Facebook and WhatsApp).
 Results: The study included a survey conducted among 679 students from private and public universities whereby two third of them were females and more than half were studying in medical and health departments. It was found that 7.1% of university students used drugs in their life including illicit drugs, alcohol and cigarettes. Also, the addictive students started using drugs at a mean age of 18 years old ± 3.9. Importantly, around half of the addictive students succeeded to quit using drugs, 20.8% reported not trying to quit, while 33.3% of them tried but could not quit. In addition, the findings of this study revealed that peer pressure (n= 657, 96.8%), and the lack of religious commitment (n= 654, 96.3%), were the most motivational factors for drug abuse. Finally, regression analysis showed that female gender (OR= 0.094, p-value <0.001), and studying in public university (OR= 0.496, p-value= 0.042) were considered protective factors against substance abuse.
 Conclusion: Focusing on increasing the awareness of youths about the risks of using drugs is a major framework in the society. Our recommendations are to increase awareness among the students, parents and society about drug abuse.

Personality Traits, Psychological Distress, and Locus of Control among Drug Abusers and Non-Drug users

The problem of drug addiction is growing day by day in Pakistani youth. Previous studies on drug addictions highlighted that drug addicts have different personality traits and level of stress, anxiety and depression as compared to the non addicts. Objective: To get the deep understanding of the personality traits, psychological discomfort, and Locus of control among drug and non-drug users. Methods: For this purpose, a sample of 200 participants, drug abusers (n=100) and non-drug users(n=100) of the same age, were taken from the general population and various rehabilitation facilities in Islamabad and Rawalpindi by using three reliable scales: The TIPI Questionnaire, the DASS-21, and the Locus of Control Questionnaire were administered to the selected sample. The core findings of the study were interpreted in terms of descriptive, correlation and t–test analysis. Results: The study findings demonstrate a statistically significant difference between drug and non-drug users in extraversion, Openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. Drug abusers reported significant levels of psychological discomfort and external Locus of control, in contrast to non-drug users who scored well on internal Locus of control. Conclusions: Drug users exhibits high level of psychological discomfort and negative personality trait than non-drug users. Therefore, health professionals and psychologists working in drug addiction rehabilitation centers should focused on the improvement of drug addicts’ psychological health.

The family of a drug addict in the dimensions of active therapy of special conditions

The purpose of the publication is to provide psychological assistance to families affected by the problem of drug addiction, to understand the situation and make the right decision about how to get out of it. For this aim, the principle of Active Therapy of Original Statuses (ATOS) was formulated. The term “Original Statuses” is used to define the following situations: 1) a sick young person, being under the influence of the factors of the disease in a state of psychological disorientation, does not recognize the problem and does not want to be treated or, recognizing the problem, stops fighting it; in this case, there are behavioral (psychological, emotional) dysfunctions, in which the patient refuses to change his behavior style and undergo treatment, despite the obvious harmfulness of the situation for his own health; 2) in the absence of the patient’s willingness to change his life situation, the most important factor for starting treatment is the persistent position of his close people (family members, friends, comrades), their active cooperation with doctors and psychologists to influence the patient in order for him to recognize a personal problem, make a decision about undergoing full-fledged complex treatment, that takes into account the systemic nature of the disease; 3) the recovery process depends not only on the patient’s readiness for treatment and medical measures, but also on the correct behavior and actions of others; therefore, the treatment process should include family and social psychotherapy and rational organizational measures; the key mechanism for solving the problem here is the active cooperation of doctors, psychologists and close people of the patient in the implementation of treatment tactics. It is natural that “active therapy” is defined as proactive cooperation of doctors, psychologists and close people of the patient to influence him in order to recognize his own problem, to make a decision about the necessity of full treatment. It is “Active Therapy” for the above-mentioned “Original Statuses” in order to divert a young person from drug use and critical development of events for his health and social well-being in a timely manner.

Социально-психологическая типология семей с проблемами алкоголизации и наркотизации

<p><span lang="EN-US">The article reflects the results of creating a socio-psychological typology of families with the problem of alcohol and drug addiction, a number of psychological and social problems in family members addicted to alcohol and drugs are identified. For this purpose and in relation to this social group: the main problems inherent in children in a situation where one or both parents have drug or alcohol addiction are analyzed; the approaches to understanding the fullness of the term “family” are analyzed, the systematization and generalization of the problems characteristic of this type of families are carried out.</span></p>

Individual Factors in the Context of the Client’s Problems

It is customary to understand individuality as a set of qualities and distinctive properties that express the essence of an individual. In the practice of social work, the individual problem field of clients is caused by various factors, their diversity does not allow for detailed typing and classification. According to foreign studies, the main problems of the clients of the medical social service are related to health problems, childcare, problems of drug addiction and alcoholism, the consequences of post-traumatic stress, accidents, etc.

Substance Abuse and its Implications in 21st Century

Drug misuse poses a risk to the person as well as to society. Human resource (HR) executives and other professionals play a crucial role in adopting recommendations for policies and procedures related to drug and substance misuse in the workplace since concerns linked to alcohol and substance addiction are on the rise in the workplace. High health insurance claims, diseases, work-related injuries, reduced productivity, bad morale, and absenteeism are organizational losses. These losses do not account for the expense of managing workplace alcohol and drug addiction problems or the unquantifiable misery of the affected families and other workers. Therefore, this research focuses on how drug usage affects Pakistani youth and suggests ways to deal with this widespread problem as soon as possible.

Information technologies for resocialization of minors convicted of drug crimes

The serious concern of many specialists, who deal with the problems of drug addiction, regarding counteracting the spread of drug addiction among juvenile population and establishing the efficient targeted informational influences on underaged drug users and drug criminals for their social (psychological and pedagogical support) prompted the Author to write this Article. The article deals with both traditional, worldwide known rehabilitation approaches to drug addicted teenagers, and fundamentally new methods that take advantages of the digital environment. The Author paid particular attention to the analysis of the positive changes that (thanks to IT technologies) contributed to the formation of anti-drug attitudes, constructive motivation, and legal behavior skills of deviant minors who participated in the experiment. The Author also presented the data on psychological testing, that demonstrated the dynamics of empirical response of the adolescent in course of restoring their self-control and self-regulation, awakening their willingness to gaining new knowledge, to becoming successful and creative members of the information society. The Author comes to the conclusion that the digital environment can either destroy a child or form his/her positive attitudes, constructive motivation, readiness to give up drugs, to reintegrate, as well as serve as a tool that gives advice and signals to the appropriate specialists about the successful recovery of a client or (on the contrary) about a sudden deterioration of his/her condition (crisis, breakdowns, etc.).

The Egyptian Ramadan TV Series and National Fight with Drug Addiction

In 2019, half a million people all over the world died as a result of drug abuse. This topic is a very sensitive issue in a number of countries, including the Arab Republic of Egypt, where the government informs its citizens every few months about steps to take to combat this problem. Creating a TV series to be aired during Ramaḍān, the most important part of year from the Islamic point of view and also because of the media industry, is one of the tools to create awareness of the danger of drug addiction. In the article, the results of the research conducted on a very popular Ramaḍān TV series from 2015 entitled Taḥt as-Sayṭara are presented. The research focused on the presentation of this problem, in particular whether or not the problem was presented in a realistic way, thus aiding in the fight with drug addiction. This series was special, as it was the first and the only which was devoted so directly to the problem of drug addiction; the sickness covered about 89‒90% of the plot.

Juveniles' Perception of Drug Crime Among Young People

Modern society is affected by the problem of drug addiction and drug crime on a global and national level, and the damaging consequences of drug abuse are extremely serious and widespread. The fact that minors are more often than before in the role of perpetrators of criminal acts related to narcotic drugs contributes to the additional seriousness of the overall situation. As the trend of drug crime among young people in the last few years indicates growing of this phenomenon in our society, the focus of our work will be determining the importance of certain factors on the perception of young people about drug crime. In order to achieve this task, we conducted a survey among high school students whose goal was to examine the influence of family environment and school environment factors, and also influence of certain media content on their perception of drug crime. A hundred students participated in this research. The research results show that the socio-demographic characteristics of young people do not have a significant impact on their perception of drug crime. The school environment, on the other hand, has a more dominant influence, due to the existence of convenient places for buying and selling drugs in close proximity to school, as well as the presence of people who "deal" drugs. In addition, minors are strongly influenced by their peers who previously had some experiences with the abuse of narcotic drugs. The research results indicate a high level of liking media content about drug crime among young people, but also an insufficiently developed awareness among them about the impact that such content has on them.