Dissimilar Problems Research Articles

Feeling Emotions for Future People

It is more difficult to feel emotions for future generations than for those who currently exist, and this seems to be one of the reasons why we struggle to care for the future. According to a number of authors, who have recently focused on the psychological flaws that prevent us from dealing with transgenerational issues, the main problem is “future discounting”. Challenging this common view, we argue that the main reason we struggle to care about future generations lies in two features of our daily emotions: the «identified victim effect» and the decrease in empathy for people who are different from us. These traits give rise to two puzzles we call the problem of the indeterminateness of future persons and the problem of dissimilarity. After having analyzed these problems of our moral psychology, we show how they allow us to account for some differences in affectivity towards a number of entities that do not currently exist, such as future generations, past generations and fictional characters. Bearing in mind the real limits of our emotions when dealing with future people, we sketch an alternative proposal on how to develop emotions to provide citizens of liberal democracies with a motivation to act in favor of future generations.

Adaptability of regression algorithms to protein Plant behavior

The behavior of components of protein plant is of vital importance for animals that consume them in their diet. The objective of this research is to evaluate regression algorithms, to determine the behavior of the expressions that best adapt to the procedures of a traditional laboratory and to estimate the chemical components of protein plants, in this sense the MULAN library of java has been used, that contain automatic learning algorithms capable of adapting to dissimilar problems. Three data set were created for each species treated in this study; each of these include the main elements to be evaluate in each experiment, these are delimits by: secondary metabolites, cell wall components and digestibility element for training files one, two and three, respectively; subsequently, they were evaluated through learning supervised and cross-validation of each to determine the best fit by aRMSE (Average Root Mean Square Error). The learning results were compare with previous experiments, where there was a learning variant that contained in a single dataset all the components to be evaluates in a single prediction. The result of the comparison shows that the lazy algorithms based on instances have a better learning behavior than the others evaluate.

The process of initial teacher training, from work practice as a space to develop investigative skills

In the process of initial teacher training, the development of professional practical activity requires problematic situations, from academic training, where the student can contrast with the reality of the school, through the scientific treatment of situations in the school context. Thus, the conception of the practice should contribute to the formation of skills for research, if it allows the integration of knowledge, by linking the training processes with the dissimilar problems of the educational field. This issue is considered of extraordinary importance, in the global context and particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, where there is a growing concern to address the challenges related to the preparation of teachers and professors. This study deals with the initial training of teachers considering the development of practical and investigative activity that allows them to reflect and transform their field of action. For this, an analytical observational study is carried out, in the scenario: Metropolitan University of Ecuador, in a time frame from the year 2020 to the first semester of 2022, the significance of the relationship between theory and practice is analyzed in the process of investigative training of the education professional, from a study of 15 students who reach the degree from a research work, taking into account dimensions and indicators to consider in the development of research skills.

Drone-Enabled Multimodal Platform for Inspection of Industrial Components

In the rise of recent advancements in unmanned aerial vehicles, many studies have focused on using multi-modal platforms for remote inspection of industrial and construction sites. The acquisition of multiple data modalities assists the inspectors in acquiring comprehensive information about the targeted components. Despite the benefits of multi-modal platforms, the calibration and fusion of the obtained data modalities present many challenges that need to be addressed. Using a calibration board with geometrically known features to estimate intrinsic and extrinsic parameters and accurately align the images in thermal and visible spectral bands, is one of the main approaches to address the problem of dissimilarity of feature appearances in different spectrums.This study presents a comprehensive platform for drone-based multi-modal inspection of industrial and construction components, including three main components: 1) a sensor setup that can be used as a standalone system or a payload for a drone; 2) a multi-modal embedded system; and 3) a novel calibration board for multi-modal data fusion. The multi-modal embedded system provides the required features to record, transmit, and visualize the thermal, visible, and depth data synchronously. Additionally, the system presents a multi-modal fusion technique to form RGBD&T data containing thermal and texture information of the obtained 3D view. Moreover, this study introduces a novel self-heating calibration board that uses Thermoelectric Peltier modules to provide an identifiable and sharp pattern in thermal and visible images. The calibration board is designed with an aim also to be used as Ground Control Point (GCP) in drone surveys.

Indian and British Influences in the Identities of Mark Tully’s Travel Writings

As the title of the article ‘Indian and British Influences in the Identities of Mark Tully’s Travel Writings’ the central aims of the research is to study the unending journey in Indian and British Literature through Postcolonial aspect. Though the writer belongs to different culture, he shares some common problem in a colonized nation. The research will focus upon the similar and dissimilar problems of the writer and will study how he has presented the problems during his staying both country, and also focuses how he has influences by Indian people as a travel writer. In the research work, language will a key weapon for the study, so this research will try to bring out how the writer tries to fit in meaning in the respective use of language. The research will also study the structure of these literary forms. The novel is one of the major forms of literature to comprehend the literature of the modern era especially post-colonial literature, has witnessed major upheavals in all its forms and indifferent genres. To understand the cultural identity of a certain nation, the selected novels of Mark Tully have been chosen for the present research paper. The methodology of this article is adopted as interpretative and sociological in nature. MLA 2009 and the web sources would also be utilized.

Processes of knowledge recombination in two-person teams: resource pool and resource integration

ABSTRACT Knowledge recombination is a process through which distant fields of knowledge are brought together to solve complex problems and has important outcomes, such as scientific, technical, or social innovation. However, although recombination is both a cognitive and social process, there is little theoretical and empirical evidence on what happens between people while they are creating bridges between their different and complex fields of knowledge. In this study, we draw on problem-solving research and social cognition models to provide and test a model of recombination. We predict that (1) two-person teams map larger areas of the problem domain if they explore that domain using dissimilar problem models and (2) an implicit cognitive intervention can help team members integrate their diverse problem definitions. We tested these predictions in an experiment with N= 31 dyads. Our results show that dissimilar problem models lead to more comprehensive problem definitions which in turn increase solution creativity when members are primed to combine unrelated concepts. This work advances understanding of knowledge recombination processes and sets the stage for more comprehensive models.

Bridge over Troubled Water—Closing the Research–Practice Gap in Social Work

Abstract Since starting over a hundred years ago social work has been occupied with the division into academic and practical knowledge. A common theme in scientific journals of social work is how this gap can be understood and resolved. The initial purpose of this article was to carry out a systematic review to find out if and how the gap could be bridged. Because few independent studies could be found, the study instead took the form of a scoping review with more included articles. The results show concrete suggestions as to how to bridge the gap, but also three discourses with dissimilar problem definitions and solutions. The emergence of proposals such as the evidence-based practice and its diverse combinations, the formation of new institutions, and today’s globalisation triggers this fragmentation. The consequences are vast confusions of opinions and explanations which illustrate competing knowledge positions. The authors propose that researchers and practitioners should orient themselves in this landscape when building bridges between academia and practice. Instead of taking the research–practice gap for granted, they suggest that social work should relate more closely to these three discourses.

On the computational complexity of the patrol boat scheduling problem with complete coverage

AbstractOur study is primarily concerned with analyzing the computational complexity of the patrol boat scheduling problem with complete coverage (PBSPCC). This combinatorial optimization problem has important implications for maritime border protection and surveillance operations. The objective of the PBSPCC is to find a minimum size patrol boat fleet to provide ongoing continuous coverage at a set of maritime patrol regions, ensuring that there is at least one vessel on station in each patrol region at any given time. This requirement is complicated by the necessity for patrol vessels to be replenished on a regular basis in order to carry out patrol operations indefinitely. We introduce the PBSPCC via an example, discuss its relationship to related but dissimilar problems in the literature and proffer a mathematical description of the problem. We then show that the PBSPCC is ‐hard by a transformation of the Hamiltonian graph decision problem into the problem of finding a minimum cyclic covering of a patrol network. We conclude that the associated decision problem of whether a patrol network has a continuous cover is ‐complete, subject to the requirement that patrol covering solutions are cyclic of a bounded polynomial order.

Spatial–Spectral Relation Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification With Limited Training Samples

Due to the data-hungry nature of deep neural networks and the high dimensionality of hyperspectral imagery (HSI) data, the scarcity of training samples remains a significant challenge for HSI classification based on deep learning. Recently, the pairing or recombining of samples has proven to be an efficient approach to increase the amount of input training data, and accordingly, the architecture of a network trained by these samples has to be redesigned, since the input is no longer a single sample. Following this strategy, in this article, we propose a spatial–spectral relation network (SS-RN) for HSI classification with limited training samples. The SS-RN takes advantage of the relation network architecture to precisely capture the profound similarity between samples. Additionally, to make SS-RN more suitable for HSI classification, an entire three-dimensional (3-D) neighborhood instead of the isolated pixel is considered to explore both spectral and spatial information thoroughly. Multiple support samples are also selected for each class to make sure that the extracted features are stable enough to avoid the intraclass similarity and interclass dissimilarity problem of HSI. The network is composed on the basis of 3-D convolutional neural network blocks with the aim of extracting spatial–spectral features. Extensive experiments on three widely used HSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better classification accuracy than conventional deep learning methods with limited labeled training samples.

Measuring Experiential Avoidance and Posttraumatic Stress in Families.

Experiential avoidance (EA) is receiving attention as an emotion regulation strategy and critical factor in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Evidence suggests that EA explains co-varying relationships among topographically dissimilar problem behaviors. The transmission of emotion regulatory strategies is important to understanding the development of these problems. EA may be a learned response style. This conceptual framework was used to test parent EA as a predictor of young adult/older adolescent (offspring) EA, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and problem behaviors in a university context as well as to test the best predictors of these outcomes individually for parents and offspring. Two measures of experiential avoidance, the unwillingness to be in contact with distressing emotions, thoughts, and memories were used to predict the outcomes of interest. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) was the strongest and only statistically significant predictor of PTSS and problem behaviors for parents and offspring above and beyond trauma history, while the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) remained non-significant. Implications regarding measurement discrepancies, PTSS, and harmful behavior trajectories are discussed.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) based stress recognition integrated with different classification of age and gender

<p class="Abstract"><em><span>Good mental health is important in our daily life. A person commonly finds stress as a barrier to enhance an individual’s performance. Be reminded that not all people have the same level of stress because different people have dissimilar problems in their life. In addition, different level of age and gender will affect unequal amount of stress. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is an electrical indicator of the heart that can detect changes of human response which relates to our emotions and reactions. Thus, this research proposed a non-intrusive detector to identify stress level for both gender and different classification of age using the ECG. A total of 30 healthy subjects were involved during the data acquisition stage. Data acquisition which initialize ECG data were divided into two conditions; which are normal and stress states. ECG data for normal state only need the participant to breath in and out normally. In other hand, the participants also need to undergo Stroop Colour word test as a stress inducer to represent ECG in stress state. Then, Sgolay filter was selected in the pre-processing stage to remove artifacts in the signal. The process was followed by feature extraction of the ECG signal and finally classified using RR Interval (RRI), different amplitudes of R peaks and Cardioid graph were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. As a result, Class 5 (age range between 50-59 years old) marks the highest changes of stress level rather than other classes, while women are more affected by stress rather than men by showing tremendous percentage changes between normal and stress level over the proposed classifiers. The result proves that ECG signals can be used as an alternative mechanism to recognize stress more efficiently with the integration of gender and age variabilities.</span></em></p>

Heart rate extraction from PPG signals using variational mode decomposition

Monitoring of vital signs using the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is desirable for the development of home-based healthcare systems in the aspect of feasibility, mobility, comfort, and cost-effectiveness of the PPG device. In this paper, a new technique based on the variational mode decomposition (VMD) for estimating heart rate (HR) from the PPG signal is proposed. The VMD decomposes an input PPG signal into a number of modes or sub-signals. Afterward, the modes which are dominantly influenced by the HR information are selected and further processed for extracting HR of the patient. The proposed scheme is validated over a large number of recordings acquired from three independent databases, namely the Capnobase, MIMIC, and University of Queens Vital Sign (UQVS). Experiments are performed over different data length segments of the PPG recordings. Using the data length of 30s, the proposed technique outperformed the existing techniques by achieving the lower median (1st quartile, 3rd quartile) values of root mean square error (RMSE) as 0.23 (0.19, 0.31) beats per minute (bpm), 0.41 (0.31, 0.56) bpm and 1.1 (0.9, 1.22) bpm for the Capnobase, MIMIC, and UQVS datasets, respectively. Since the shorter data length is more suitable for the clinical applications, the proposed technique also provided satisfactory agreement between the derived and reference HR values for the shorter data length segments. Performance results over three independent datasets suggest that the proposed technique can provide accurate and reliable HR information using the PPG signal recorded from the patients suffering from dissimilar problems.

Enhanced low‐voltage ride‐through capability of flying capacitors inverter using model predictive control

Summary This paper proposes an enhancement of the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of multilevel flying capacitors inverter using an improved model predictive control (MPC). The proposed solution is a multiobjective control strategy ensuring simultaneous capacitors' voltages balancing and grid current injection with reduced total harmonics distortion (THD) and unity power factor even under severe voltage sags. The proposed MPC technique makes use of a multioptimization solution for the common problem of weight dissimilarity of the control objectives. The first optimization is achieved by the inclusion of the state variables normalization within the cost function computation. This will provide to the proposed MPC technique more robustness with the ability to take into consideration external disturbances (grid voltage sag) while ensuring the meeting of the state variables constraints. The second one is achieved through accurately tuning the weighting factor based on minimizing the grid current total harmonics distortion and the maximal errors on the capacitors' voltages. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented to prove that the presented solution guarantees continuous and smooth power transfer to the grid even under severe voltage sags. The obtained results are validated on a 1-kW experimental prototype.

A dual grid method for the compressible two-fluid model which combines robust flux splitting methodology with high-resolution capturing of incompressible dynamics

The speed of sound in two-phase pipe flow systems is often several orders of magnitude greater than the travelling speed of hydraulic information (volume fractions). Dynamically simulating such flows requires resolution of acoustic and hydraulic waves existing at vastly different spatial and temporal scales. If simulated on the same numerical grid, the need for accuracy in hydraulic waves will necessitate an exaggerated resolution of acoustic waves. Likewise, time steps restricted by the speed of sound are small compared to the time scales active in hydraulic waves. This constitutes a waste of computational potential. The method proposed herein decouples the hydraulic and acoustic scales, greatly improving computational efficiency.The proposed dual grid method solves a four-equation compressible two-fluid model on a principal grid which robustly accounts for the pressure evolution and conserves mass and momentum. An incompressible two-equation model is at the same time solved on a finer grid, resolving the details of the hydraulic evolution. Information from both model formulations is coupled through the terms of the governing transport equations, providing consistency between the grids. Accurate and finely resolved schemes can then be employed for the incompressible two-fluid model without suffering from the time and stability restrictions otherwise enforced by acoustic waves. At the same time, the Hybrid Central-Upwind flux splitting scheme of Evje and Flåtten (2005a) allows for an explicit and numerically robust treatment of the acoustic waves without losing hydraulic accuracy.The dual grid method is tested against four dissimilar problems: A shock tube problem, the water faucet problem, a surge wave and pressure wave problem and a roll-wave case. In all problems, the proposed scheme provided significant increases in computational efficiency and accuracy as compared with a single grid arrangement.

Fiscal Decentralization and Regional Development

그동안 재정분권의 경제적, 재정적 효과에 대한 논의가 다양하게 이루어졌지만, 국가별로 처한 환경과 제도가 다르기 때문에 그 효과가 어떠한지에 대한 논란이 지속되고 있다. 소득이 높은 국가들을 사례로 하는 몇몇의 연구들은 재정분권을 통한 경제적 효율성은 달성될 수 없다고 주장하고 있다. 한국의 경우, 현재의 틀 안에서 재정분권을 강화하는 정책수단은 경제적 효율성이 담보될 수 없다는 점에서 매우 신중하게 추진되어야 한다. 지역발전은 중앙정부 주도적으로 이루어질 수 없다. 더욱이 지역간 균형발전은 중앙과 지방을 포함한 모든 수준의 정부부문과 민간기업을 아우르는 접근방법을 통해 이루어질 필요가 있다. 현재 도시와 농촌, 수도권과 비수도권 사이의 불균형은 재정정책 수단만 가지고 완화될 수는 없다. 농촌지역과 도시지역의 발전계획은 각각의 특성을 반영하고, 지역별로 고유한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 별도로 추진될 필요가 있다. 특히 많은 도시 지역 지방정부들은 자체적인 노력을 지역발전을 추진하기 위한 재정역량을 강화할 필요가 있다.

IT Project Development using Capability Maturity Model

In many research studies on IT project development process, the authors have noticed that different frameworks are used for this purpose. In fact, many companies choose specific frameworks to run their IT projects based on project type and face dissimilar problems during the execution. In this research the authors are presenting a framework for IT project development using Capability Maturity Model. The framework has been developed to improve the IT project development in a large company because of the lower rate of successfully IT projects in that company. To develop the framework, they have used design science research and evaluated this framework with the project managers from that large company. The result of this research is a framework for IT projects development that is based on generic Capability Maturity Model and is adapted to the specific needs of an IT project development environment. Moreover, the framework identifies for each key process area of IT project development, the goals and activities to be performed.

Multiobjective GRASP with Path Relinking

In this paper we review and propose different adaptations of the GRASP metaheuristic to solve multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems. In particular, we describe several alternatives to specialize the construction and improvement components of GRASP when two or more objectives are considered. GRASP has been successfully coupled with Path Relinking for single-objective optimization. Moreover, we propose different hybridizations of GRASP and Path Relinking for multiobjective optimization. We apply the proposed GRASP with Path Relinking variants to two combinatorial optimization problems, the biobjective orienteering problem and the biobjective path dissimilarity problem. We report on empirical tests with 70 instances and 30 algorithms, that show that the proposed heuristics are competitive with the state-of-the-art methods for these problems.

A Framework for IT Project Development in a Large Company

IT project development is a crucial point for the success of any IT organization however delays and increasing costs jeopardize the fulfillment of the business goals. Different research studies on IT project development process confirm that one individual framework is not appropriate for all types of applications. However, reality shows that many companies choose frameworks to run their IT projects based on project type and face dissimilar problems during the execution. In this research we are presenting a framework for IT project development in a large company. The framework has been developed to improve the project IT development due to the fact that many projects have failed to deliver within defined time, cost and quality. In the large company part of our study (entitled in the paper company A) the results of IT projects success rate was significantly low. Therefore, an analysis has been done to investigate the causes for not meeting the requirements. To develop the framework we have used design science research and we have evaluated this framework within company A with project managers. The novelty in this research is that the developed framework for IT project development is based on generic Capability Maturity Model and adapted to the specific needs. The result could be applied to other large companies with similar IT needs and environment.

The Book of Royal Degrees and the Genesis of Russian Historical Consciousness , and: Stepennaia kniga i russkaia istoricheskaia mysl´ XVI-XVIII vv. (The Book of Royal Degrees and Russian Historical Thought in the 16th-18th Centuries), and: Stepennaia kniga i drevnerusskaia knizhnost´ vremeni mitropolita Makariia (The Book of Royal Degrees and Old Russian Book Culture in the Time of Metropolitan Makarii)

Gail Lenhoff and Ann Kleimola, eds., The Book of Royal Degrees and the Genesis of Russian Historical Consciousness. 348 pp. Bloomington, IN: Slavica Publishers, 2011. ISBN-13 978-0893573775. $39.95. Aleksei Vladimirovich Sirenov, Stepennaia kniga i russkaia istoricheskaia mysl' XVI-XVIII vv. (The Book of Royal Degrees and Russian Historical Thought in the 16th-18th Centuries). 547 pp. Moscow: Al'ians-Arkheo, 2010. ISBN-13 978-5988740513. Andrei Sergeevich Usachev, Stepennaia kniga i drevnerusskaia knizhnost' vremeni mitropolita Makariia (The Book of Royal Degrees and Old Russian Book Culture in the Time of Metropolitan Makarii), ed. A. A. Gorskii. 760 pp., ill. Moscow: Al'ians-Arkheo, 2009. ISBN-13 978-5988740391. Scholars have long since realized the uniqueness of Stepennaia kniga tsarskogo rodosloviia (The Book of Royal Degrees, hereafter SK) in the history of medieval book, church, and political culture. SK was created by experienced scribes guided by a single design; uncovering this design reveals the attitudes held by the leading ideologues of the Russian tsardom toward supreme spiritual and secular power. This literary text also has a unique history. No fewer than 145 copies are known today. The earliest of these were made soon after the text's creation, while the latest belong to the recent past and are linked to official interpretations of the concept of power. These interpretations, incorporating received views of a tsardom preserved by God and imperial universalism in the Russian Empire, were quite foreign to the ideas of SK. The edition of SK prepared by Nikolai Pokrovskii, Gall Lenhoff, Aleksei Sirenov, and Ol'ga Zhuravel' has already received high marks from their colleagues. (1) The works discussed in this review comprise the most recent achievements in this field: A. S. Usachev (Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow) and A. V. Sirenov (St. Petersburg State University) continue to develop their extensive and fruitful research into the history of Russian book culture. The editors-in-chief of the proceedings of the 2009 Stepennaia kniga conference in Los Angeles, Gail Lenhoff (University of California, Los Angeles) and Ann Kleimola (University of Nebraska, Lincoln), are prominent U.S. Slavists with long experience in studying various aspects of the ideology and politics of the Russian tsardom. The principal question--and stumbling block--in discussions about SK has always been the time and place of its creation and initial existence, as well as early traces of its reception. Today an enormous volume of sources is enlisted in support of various arguments to answer this question, a tendency especially encouraged by the turn in manuscript studies. Significant progress has been made in the codicological study of SK, which makes possible a full-scale inquiry into the history of its cultural appropriation. This history is the focus of my review. First, let me note that the efforts of Pokrovkii, Sirenov, Lenhoff, Usachev, and Zhuravel' have revealed which manuscripts stand closest to the protograph in the manuscript tradition of SK. These manuscripts are the Volkov (V), Tomsk (T), and Chudov (Ch) copies. Second, in an act of solidarity remarkable in the academic world, all these scholars--of different generations and working on dissimilar problems using different methods--reach the same conclusion regarding the controversial question of the place and date of origin of the earliest copies of SK They agree that its oldest redaction can be traced to the Chudov Monastery in the Moscow Kremlin; that Metropolitan Makarii played a part in the project, as did his successor, Metropolitan Afanasii (Andrei before his appointment as metropolitan); and that it dates to sometime between the mid-1550s and 1563. This conclusion about the date of SK's origin, however, is a hypothesis; not every contributor to the conference volume agrees with it. …

Cognitive Optimization in Assistive Living System Development

This paper presents an exploration of the characteristics and structure of a cognitive architecture for control of assisted living systems. The aspects of cognition considered are self-organization, communication, and inherited knowledge. A cognitive solution for a related problem, function optimization, is developed because of the complexity and size of the assistive living problem. Support for this approach stems from the artificial intelligence field where optimization is considered to be a critical aspect of cognition, and from the similarity between the performance metrics for the two problem domains. A search algorithm is developed using the bracketing and gradient methods as inherited knowledge. A key finding is that using a cognitive structure caused the search to display aspects of the characteristics, behavior, and performance of human cognition. In terms of performance, the cognitive search converges faster than either the bracketing or gradient searches alone, and its feasible problem set is larger than the intersection of their individual sets. Similarly, human cognition acts quickly and can address a large set of dissimilar problems. This gives confidence that the guidelines distilled from the development of the cognitive search can produce a similar level of performance when applied to an assistive living system. However, this paper does not address the details involved in actually implementing these guidelines on an assistive living system.