Problem Of Construction Research Articles

Numerical simulation of the defect's behavior in building structure elements during ultrasonic diagnostics

One of the important scientific problems of modern construction is the detection of cracks in elements of building structures. Among a significant number of methods, ultrasound diagnostics is popular due to automation and speed of processing results. However, the accuracy of ultrasonic methods is in the range of 40%, which does not meet modern requirements. The article considers the problem of ultrasonic wave propagation in a brick and conducts a numerical analysis of the behavior of defects in the form of a crack. The results were obtained in the form of fields of displacements, deformations and stresses in the structure as a function of time. The results obtained make it possible to identify the characteristic features of the reaction of defects to dynamic impact and obtain numerical dependences of the response of the structure in comparison with samples without defects.

Examining the Demographic, Socio-cultural, and Economic Dimensions of In-migrant Construction Workers: A Case Study on Internal Migration Trends, Working Conditions, and Quality of Life

According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM) of the United Nations, the global scenario for the number of international migrants increased to 281 million in 2020, meaning that 3.6% of the world's population lived outside their country of birth in that year. The objective of the study demographic condition of the internal migration population, working conditions of in migrant construction workers, inmigrant construction workers socio culture condition, psychological condition, the consequences and problems faced unorganized migrant construction workers. The research study adopted Descriptive Research design for the present study because the primary of the study is to attain information concerning the existing status of quality of life of migrant construction workers. The researcher moved to another location with the reference of previous contact, in the way, snowball sampling method was used to access the required number of population. It was noted that the majority of the construction workers were semi-skilled and were illiterate. Most of the respondents spoke Hindi as their major language, 38 percent of them spoke Oriya. The workers are said to be receiving monthly wages and the majority of them have a monthly income of up to Rs.10,000 on a average. It was identified that construction workers migrated from other states at 19 to 25 years. Temporary migrants migrating with their families are found to be higher. Among the migrant construction workers within the age group of 26 to 35 years migrate more than others. Sizeable size 94 percent of the respondents belong to the male category, most of the people working as a construction labourers are married. Among the in-migrant construction workers, migrants from Odisha are more in number, followed by people from West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and other states. The Hindu community is dominated in number compared to Muslim and Christian community.

Evaluating Clinical Skill Competence and Professional Behaviors in Nursing Students Following Simulation Training at the University of Tabuk.

Simulation training has become an integral component of nursing education, offering students opportunities to develop and refine their clinical skills in a controlled and safe environment. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical skill competence and professional behaviors of undergraduate nursing students following simulation training. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for this study. The study was conducted in the simulation center at the University of Tabuk using the Clinical Competency Questionnaire (CCQ), with data collected between January 1, 2023 and February 28, 2023. Participants were enrolled using a convenience sampling method, including nursing students in the 3rd and 4th years who trained in the simulation center and agreed to participate. The study results indicate that a majority of students demonstrated strong theoretical knowledge and practical competence in performing sterile techniques and administering oral medications with minimal or no supervision, with percentages of 74.7% and 73.3%, respectively. A significant proportion of students reported uncertainty or lack of skill in performing shift reports using SBAR (38.4%) and assessing gastrostomy tube placement (32.9%). Students exhibited satisfactory knowledge and competence in maintaining appropriate appearance, attire, and conduct (71.2%), understanding, and supporting group goals (71.2%), and comprehending patients' rights (69.9%). The findings suggest that nursing students attain a relatively high level of clinical competence and self-confidence after simulation training. This study recommends incorporating simulation training in nursing education, which enhances professional behaviors like appearance, group goals, and patient rights, but requires improvement in constructive criticism, problem prevention, and cultural competence.

Research of direct and inverse problems of sensitivity using methods of practical stability by direction

The general statements of the problems of construction of extreme ranges of tolerances on parameters for a linear system of differential equations in the presence of dynamic restrictions on the spread of the state vector are considered. It was found that such sensitivity problems are closely related to the problems of estimating the maximum area of stability in the corresponding function space. In order to obtain upper estimates of the sought values, the problem of estimating tolerances from the positions of stability in a single direction is formalized. The cases of linear and nonlinear restrictions on the spread of the phase coordinate vector with initial linear initial conditions relative to the vector of the system parameters are studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions are formulated in the form of criteria for estimating tolerances on parameters covering the case of fixed initial conditions. The tasks of estimating the maximum volume of the stability region with respect to the deviations of the state vectors and system parameters are considered. For the case of compatible admissible constraints, the paper gives the corresponding numerical calculations for the upper estimates. In particular, for fixed initial conditions, the maximum set of tolerances for system parameters with compatible dynamic restrictions on fluctuations of state vectors and parameters are determined according to these evaluation criteria. From the standpoint of practical stability in direction, direct sensitivity problems are investigated, numerical estimates of the spread of the phase coordinate vector of the system in the presence of linear and fixed initial conditions relative to the parameter vector are given. It has been demonstrated that in the given specification of the problem of maximum estimation of tolerances it is completely covered by problem statements of practical stability by direction. Thus, to calculate areas of guaranteed sensitivity, the concept of practical stability in a single direction is extended to the space of sensitivity functions at the initial moment of time. The above algorithms are used to estimate the range of tolerances for the adjustment parameters of the discrete model of the induction acceleration system with the given limitations on the spread of the quality criterion; the variation of the quality indicator within the tolerance field is presented in the form of a linear form relative to the spread of the parameter vector.

Government-Led Rural Planning And Construction In China: An Empirical Study From Jiangsu Province

Abstract With the expansion of investment in rural resources by the China government, it has become the main force supporting rural development initiatives, and government-led efforts have become an important angle for studying current Chinese rural development. This article takes the characteristic idyllic countryside construction in Jiangsu Province as the research object, analyzing the role played by the government in various stages of its construction practice, and forming a clear path for characteristic idyllic countryside construction. Furthermore, it combines practical village analysis to identify issues with the current “top-down” government-led characteristic of idyllic countryside construction. The study finds that the core reason for construction problems in practice is the neglect of village self-organizing capacity and insufficient alignment with actual village needs in the “top-down” construction path. This can be addressed through nurturing “bottom-up” village self-organizing capacity and optimizing the characteristic idyllic countryside construction system and path.

Problems and challenges of using randomized automatically evaluating geometric construction problems in Moodle LMS

<abstract><p>The objective of this paper was to examine the present state of geometric constructions in both international and national mathematics assessments. Additionally, it aimed to shed light on the noticeable lack of geometric construction items in these assessments and propose a solution to incorporate such items by utilizing a web-based mathematics assessment tool. After providing a brief summary of the unique benefits associated with geometric construction problems, the subsequent paper explored the development of a web-based mathematics assessment tool, the procedure for generating automatic evaluation GeoGebra applets for geometric construction problems, and their integration into Moodle learning management system (LMS). The purpose of this assessment tool was to enhance the evaluation of a substantially larger group of students within the realm of geometric constructions. The final section of the paper examined the difficulties encountered in the creation of the automatic evaluation applets and their incorporation into Moodle LMS. Through the development of such a web-based mathematics assessment tool, we enabled the evaluation of a significantly larger number of students, thus aiding not only national and international mathematics examinations but also assisting mathematics teachers in tracking students' scores and progress.</p></abstract>

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Real Four‐Story Building with an Open Ground Floor in a Seismic Region for Proper Strengthening

Many existing buildings fail to meet the requirements of current earthquake resistance codes. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen and/or upgrade such buildings. Strengthening and/or upgrading include adding new floors, parts, elements, etc. Modern codes usually do not reflect upgrading of existing buildings. These buildings may be damaged and require maintenance and repairs, which may change the original material and structural properties. Design of such buildings is based on dominant vibration periods obtained by empirical dependences according to the building codes or from dynamic numerical analysis using available software. In both cases, the results usually do not consider the present state of the structure, influence of nonstructural elements, and possible differences in material properties in various elements of the building due to construction problems, concrete creep, etc. Such evaluation can be done just based on dynamic analysis, experimental and numeric, whereas the first one is essential. Therefore, the present research is aimed at numerical and experimental investigation of an existing real multistory residential reinforced concrete building before its strengthening and/or upgrading according to the requirements of modern seismic codes. The present study is a first stage of the research. It is focused on obtaining the dynamic parameters of the building before its strengthening and upgrading. Experimental values of natural vibration periods and damping ratios are compared with those obtained numerically. Following these values, the design spectrum of the seismic code is updated and the building is designed using this updated spectrum. The findings of this study form a basis for the second research stage that will be aimed at monitoring and analyzing of this building at each stage of its strengthening and upgrading. This approach iaimed at improving the available techniques for strengthening and upgrading the building. It will also be the basis for further research in this direction.

Exploration of Innovative Paths in Higher Education Management under the Background of New Media

In the era of rapid development of internet new media information interaction technology, various universities have also relied on new media technologies such as online MOOC platforms, Weibo, WeChat, DingTalk, etc., combined with the "online and offline" integrated teaching concept, to reform and innovate the existing subject education, ideological and political education, and employment guidance education models on campus, in order to improve the quality of professional course education, ideological and moral education, and behavior management for college students. Starting from the perspective of "comprehensive education" and information transformation development in higher education management, this paper explores the problems of insufficient systematic institutional system construction, inadequate construction of new media platforms, absence of new media management teams, and outdated management content and methods in current education management for student groups. Based on this, guided by constructivist theory and mass communication theory, and based on new media technology, it strengthens the management platform of new media education in universities The innovative construction of educational management content and workflow drives the improvement of efficiency and quality in educational management work.

Матрица расстояний между российскими регионами и её использование в экономическом анализе

The spatial factor plays an important role in solving many practical problems of modern economics — from the analysis of trade and migration to the study of the dynamics of regional prices and the spread of epidemics. At the same time, the method of calculating the distance matrix plays a very important role. Countries and even regions are not point objects, and economic activity in them is distributed all over the territory, but the distance is measured between two points. In addition, the distance between points can be calculated along a straight line (great circle arc), roads and railways, or by some synthetic method. Special attention is paid to the regions without railroad connection. The paper considers the main problems of distance matrix construction and possible ways to solve them. As a result, we recommend a distance matrix that can be used by all specialists in spatial economics.

From Turning Points to Teacher Identity Learning Environments: Late-Career Language Teachers Speak Up

Although learning is usually associated with some regulatory bodies, external education, programmes or experts, there is another kind of learning which can be gained from reflection on a language teacher’s biography and their teacher identity learning in a professional environment. The present article focuses on the analysis of four veteran Polish late-career language teachers of English, French, German and Russian who share their language-teacher lives in in-depth narrative inquiry interviews with the author of this text. The article aims to find out how various language-related critical incidents, or turning points, that took place in these teachers’ lives have affected their succeeding professional lives, and their individual perception of the language-teacher identity learning environments available to them. From the analysis of the data, four teacher identity constructions have been distinguished: “the constructive problem solver”, “the comfort minder”, “the perceiver of language-related social injustice” and “the language learner”, and it transpires that the teachers’ previous experiences are likely to affect how and why other things happen. This finding may have vital pedagogical implications for language-teacher educators, as the construction of teacher identities that are related to the participants’ meaningful and unique past experiences may question the sense of developing one universal language-teacher identity.

Analysis of face stability for shallow shield tunnels in sand

The stability of the tunnel face is the key problem in shield tunnel construction. This paper focuses on the face stability of a shallow tunnel in sand. Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are combined to study the limit support pressure and failure zone. Firstly, numerical simulation is employed to study the collapse of the tunnel face, obtaining the limit support pressure and collapse zone. A new failure model suitable for shallow tunnels is constructed based on these numerical simulations. Then, an analytic solution for the limit support pressure is derived using limit analysis upper bound theory. The accuracy and applicability of this proposed model are verified by comparing it with numerical results and classical analytical models. Through this research, it is found that the proposed model provides a more accurate description of situations where soil arches cannot be formed for shallow tunnels in sand, leading to higher accuracy in calculating the limit support pressure. The influence of various factors on stability of the tunnel face is analyzed, revealing mechanisms of tunnel face collapse.

Influence of cutterhead opening ratio on soil arching effect and face stability during tunnelling through non-uniform soils

Tunnelling has increasingly become an essential tool in the exploration of underground space. A typical construction problem is the face instability during tunnelling, posing a great threat to associated infrastructures. Tunnel face instability often occurs with the soil arching collapse. This study investigates the combined effect of cutterhead opening ratio and soil non-uniformity on soil arching effect and face stability, via conducting random finite-element analysis coupled with Monte–Carlo simulations. The results underscore that the face stability is strongly associated with the evolution of stress arch. The obtained stability factors in the uniform soils can serve as a reference for the design of support pressure in practical tunnelling engineering. In addition, non-uniform soils exhibit a lower stability factor than uniform soils, which implies that the latter likely yields an underestimated probability of face failure. The tunnel face is found to have a probability of failure more than 50% if the spatial non-uniformity of soil is ignored. In the end, a practical framework is established to determine factor of safety (FOS) corresponding to different levels of probability of face failure considering various opening ratios in non-uniform soils. The required FOS is 1.70 to limit the probability of face instability no more than 0.1%. Our findings can facilitate the prediction of probability of instability in the conventionally deterministic design of face pressure.

The role of legal constructions in rule-making activity

The scientific article examines questions regarding the naked role of legal constructions in rule-making activity. We can point out that it is the legal construction that plays its main role as one of the most important means of legal technique. We propose to consider the legal construction in the prism of rule-making activity. They are considered as a conceptual form of legal thinking, which can be expressed in a system of norms that specify a specific mechanism of legal regulation or its separate element. On the basis of the above, the definition of legal structures and their main role in rule-making activity is proposed. Legal constructions are a single and independent element of legal technique. We can note that there is currently a high level of scientists studying the role of legal constructions. This applies mainly to branch disciplines, and not to general theoretical research. Recently, new research on this role of legal construction is based on the modern views of scientists. New reasons for the origin of legal constructions and their main role are proposed. We can see that there are no clear opinions about the origin of the role of legal constructions.
 Thus, we propose to consider the latest formation of concepts and their origin and to pay special attention to the definition of the role of constructions in rule-making activity. Attention is paid to the current topic of jurisprudence, related to the process of the defined role of constructions of legal activity with a practical component. The scientific novelty consists not only in the analysis of domestic literature, regarding the concept and the main role of legal constructions, but also in the latest views on this definition. At the same time, the problems of legal constructions until now have mostly sectoral (civil, criminal, administrative, family, financial, tax, social security, etc.) «coloring», which characterizes most of the research from the practical side.

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The effect of problem-based learning on cognitive skills in solving geometric construction problems: a case study in Kazakhstan

IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the impact of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) course on cognitive skills (i.e., Critical Thinking, Problem-Solving, Logical Reasoning, Creativity, and Decision-Making) in the context of solving geometric construction problems.MethodsThe research utilized a quasi-experimental design involving a control group and an experimental group to assess the effects of the PBL intervention. Cognitive skills were measured using a custom-designed questionnaire. Additionally, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed in a subsequent phase to scrutinize the causal interrelationships among these cognitive skills.ResultsIn the initial phase, the findings revealed that the PBL intervention had a statistically significant positive impact on problem-solving and creativity skills. However, the effects on critical thinking, logical reasoning, and decision-making skills did not reach statistical significance. In the subsequent phase employing SEM, the analysis demonstrated significant positive relationships, particularly between critical thinking and problem-solving, critical thinking and logical reasoning, logical reasoning and problem-solving, and logical reasoning and creativity. Notably, creativity also exhibited a significant positive effect on problem-solving.DiscussionThis study underscores the nuanced impact of PBL on different cognitive skills, with clear enhancements observed in problem-solving and creativity. However, the study suggests that the effects may not be uniform across all cognitive skills. These findings offer valuable insights for educators and curriculum designers, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches when integrating PBL to foster cognitive skill development.

Synergistic ecological network approach for sustainable development of highly urbanized area in the Bay Bottom region: A study in Chengyang District, Qingdao

Rapid urbanization has put the marine environment under great threat, and cities in the Bay Bottom area are more likely to cause a large number of ecological problems in urban development and construction due to their special land-sea interaction environment. Ecological network is an effective solution to coordinate regional ecological protection and sustainable urban development. This study focused on Chengyang District, one of the highly urbanized areas at the bottom of Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao, China, was using Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) to initially identify ecological source areas and extracting important ecological source areas in conjunction with the landscape connectivity assessment, and was determining ecological resistance values based on the importance of ecosystem services, and was optimizing ecological network by the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) and network structure analysis. The results indicated that: (1) the habitat in Chengyang District is severely fragmented, and the ecological network structure has significant features in terms of source area, type and corridor distribution, with a low percentage of source area, identification of characteristic source types such as reservoirs, wetlands, and aquaculture ponds, while the corridors are concentrated in the area of rivers and bays, and there is fragmentation in the inland areas of the city. (2) Preliminarily, 15 ecological source sites were identified, mainly distributed in the vicinity of Jiaozhou Bay Wetland, Jihongtan Reservoir and Laoshan Mountain, among which, Jiaozhou Bay Wetland is the most important ecological source in Chengyang District. Thirty-two ecological nodes and 24 ecological corridors were constructed. (3) By increasing the inland ecological sources in Chengyang District, the optimized ecological network forms a spatial pattern of “four cores, three belts, and four districts”, and proposes and formulates targeted ecological protection and management strategies to promote the sustainable development of the urban areas in the bottom of the bay. In addition, this study provides a new reference for the global ecological protection of cities in the bay area by improving the ecological network of cities in the Bay Bottom area.

Research on the Construction Problems of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Programs in Higher Vocational Colleges and Universities under the Background of Digital Technology Era

Abstract Entrepreneurship and innovative education have emerged as a new paradigm for the development of higher vocational abilities in the modern era, leaping into the global trend and tendency of higher education’s change and growth. The objective of this study is to explore the current state of innovation and entrepreneurship course construction in higher vocational schools. Specifically, we extracted students’ behavioral characteristics using the short-term behavioral sequence of attention and used the SVM model to predict the classification of innovation and business ownership education courses in higher professional colleges. Data mining was used to combine background information from the digital technology era to construct these courses in higher vocational schools. Furthermore, a multivariate linear regression model based on students’ comprehensive ability to innovate and entrepreneurship is established after the problems associated with curriculum construction are analyzed in order to investigate the relationship and impact between curriculum construction and students’ ability to innovate and entrepreneurship. The findings indicate that there is a general lack of an entrepreneurial culture in schools, a poor cultural heritage of entrepreneurship, a gender difference of 6.1, a lack of faculty strength, and a lack of funding, to the tune of 5.2 and 4.4, respectively, and the comprehensive ability of innovation and entrepreneurship of students = 0.30+0.25*curriculum structure+0.54*curriculum implementation+ 0.15*curriculum evaluation. Higher vocational institutions looking to enhance the way their courses on innovation and entrepreneurship are constructed can use the results of this study to guide their research.

House of State Institutions in Irkutsk (House of Soviets)

The article considers one of the most striking objects of the Soviet period, the House of Soviets, at different stages of its realisation – from its design to final result. On the example of the Irkutsk House of Soviets the peculiarities of the approach to buildings of this type are revealed: architectural competitions, complex environmental approach, stylistic features associated with ideological attitudes, construction problems.

On the algorithmization of construction of the transition intensity matrix in systems with a large number of same elements

In this article, using the example of a multi-channel exponential queueing system with reordering of requests, we study the problem of computer construction of the state space and coefficient matrix of a system of equilibrium equations. As a result, general principles for solving problems of this type are formulated.

Calculation of the temperature condition of a thermostabilizable base with a single pile

The article deals with one of the main problems of construction in the area of permafrost soils - the presence of sites represented by thawed permafrost soils [1-3], formed due to natural conditions (waterlogged site, site relief features, swamping, etc.) and man-made impacts (warming effect of buildings and structures, systematic discharges and leaks from engineering networks, runoff and stagnation of surface rainwater, etc.). To ensure the bearing capacity of a single pile and the specified temperature regime of the foundation soils in the given engineering-geocryological conditions, it is possible to use the cooling devices of seasonal action. The main issue when using the cooling devices of seasonal action is to determine the main parameters affecting the bearing capacity of a single pile and the deformability of the foundation. To determine the parameters affecting the bearing capacity of a single pile and the deformability of the foundation, a set of numerical temperature calculations of thermostabilized soil mass represented by thawed permafrost soils with a single pile under different initial boundary conditions was performed in the certified Frost 3D software package. Temperature calculations were performed for the thawed soil mass, in which a single reinforced concrete pile with a single vertical vapor-liquid thermal stabilizer structure is submerged. The geometrical dimensions of the calculated area are 30 × 30 × 30 m. Based on the results of numerical experiments, the main physical, thermal and geometric parameters of the formed frozen core have been determined, which will be incorporated into the methodology for predicting the bearing capacity of a single pile in a thermally stabilized viscoelastic foundation represented by thawed permafrost soils. On the basis of the calculations performed, a design diagram of a single pile in a thermostabilized foundation was built and graphical dependences of changes in the diameter, height and geometric position of the frozen core depending on the initial boundary conditions were plotted.