Problem Of Build-up Research Articles

NiMn-Ag NWs complexes electrode material with in situ grown conductive 3D networks for enhanced supercapacitive performance by boosting Ni2+

Power density is one of the important factors affecting the performance of electrode materials, which is hampered by ion/electron transport and agglomeration build-up problems. In this study, a novel 3D NiMnO3/Ni(OH)2/Ag NWs composite is synthesized via the introduction of Ag NWs. The introduction of Ag NWs synergistically influences the crystal structure and micro-morphology of the NiMnO3/Ni(OH)2/Ag NWs composite. The unique pentatwinned structure of Ag NWs facilitates the enhancement of the (110) and (101) crystal planes, which induces the movement of Ni 2p3/2, leading to a significant increase of Ni2+ concentration in the composites. This ensures an abundance of ion adsorption sites, generating materials conducive to reactive activity. This new structure increases the density of active sites and establishes a conductive network, which optimizes the electron and ion transport paths, greatly reduces the diffusion resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface, and improves the charge transfer efficiency, thus effectively increasing the specific capacity and energy density of the material. The NiMnO3/Ni(OH)2/Ag NWs//AC device exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of 350.478 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 0.01 A cm−2, and its Ragone plot reveals a peak energy density of 81.107 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1699.871 W kg−1. Additionally, it achieves an energy density of 60.532 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 8490.072 W kg−1. This study explores the design and application of 3D structured electrode materials, which effectively improves the specific capacity of the materials and provides a new idea to further improve the energy density of supercapacitors.

Impact of Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 on atherosclerotic plaque and its mechanism.

Atherosclerosis is viewed as not just as a problem of lipid build-up in blood vessels, but also as a chronic inflammatory disease involving both innate and acquired immunity. In atherosclerosis, the inflammation of the arterial walls is the key characteristic that significantly contributes to both the instability of plaque and the occlusion of arteries by blood clots. These events ultimately lead to stroke and acute coronary syndrome. Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when consumed in the right quantities, offer advantages for one's health. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 (ATCC 14917) on the development of atherosclerotic plaques and its underlying mechanism in Apo lipoprotein E-knockout (Apoe-/-mice). In this study, Apoe-/-mice at approximately 8weeks of age were randomly assigned to three groups: a Normal group that received a normal chow diet, a high fat diet group that received a gavage of PBS, and a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 group that received a high fat diet and a gavage of 0.2ml ATCC 14917 (2 × 109CFU/mL) per day for a duration of 12weeks. Our strain effectively reduced the size of plaques in Apoe-/-mice by regulating the expression of inflammatory markers, immune cell markers, chemokines/chemokine receptors, and tight junction proteins (TJPs). Specifically, it decreased the levels of inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, CD-60 MCP-1, F4/80, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1) in the thoracic aorta, (Ccr7, cd11c, cd4, cd80, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the colon, and increased the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes (SOD-1 and SOD-2). It also influenced the expression of TJPs (occludin, ZO-1, claudin-3, and MUC-3). In addition, the treatment of ATCC 14917 significantly reduced the level of lipopolysaccharide in the mesenteric adipose tissue. The findings of our study demonstrated that our strain effectively decreased the size of atherosclerotic plaques by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal integrity, and intestinal immunity.

Modification of gelcoat based unsaturated polyester resin with functionalized octaspherosilicates to reduce the ice adhesion strength

Many composite structures used in various industries, such as wind turbines, aircraft, watercraft, lifeboats and others face the problem of ice build-up in winter seasons. The mechanical, thermal and chemical methods used so far to remove ice are inefficient, uneconomical and hurt the environment. Recently, surfaces have begun to be designed to eliminate or minimize ice accumulation, namely icephobic surfaces. The key parameter of such surfaces is the lowest possible ice adhesion strength (IA). One of the mechanisms for designing icephobic surfaces is a modification with compounds that direct hydrophobic properties. In this work, unsaturated polyester resin gelcoats modified with compounds from the group of octaspherosilicates with alkyl and methacrylic functional groups proposed as fluorine-free additives were investigated in terms of water repellent and ice adhesion. The surface roughness of the tested materials was measured. The surface zeta potential was also determined, which is new compared to available studies of surfaces for icephobic applications. The work also presents microstructure observations of the surface. Almost all of the modifiers increased the water contact angle (WCA), modifying the reference material from hydrophilic to slightly hydrophobic. The highest WCA was equal to 94°. The most important IA parameter was decreased by 56% compared to the unmodified gelcoat, with a value of 152 kPa. In addition, the study observed that the lowest value of IA correlated with the lowest value of CAH. The highest reduction in CAH was 44% compared to the reference sample. The roughness, wettability and IA parameters were determined before and after UV exposure to investigate modified gelcoats durability.

Implementation of a Product-Recommender System in an IoT-Based Smart Shopping Using Fuzzy Logic and Apriori Algorithm

The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently become important in accelerating various functions, from manufacturing and business to healthcare and retail. A recommender system can handle the problem of information and data buildup in IoT-based smart commerce systems. These technologies are designed to determine users' preferences and filter out irrelevant information. Identifying items and services that customers might be interested in and then convincing them to buy is one of the essential parts of effective IoT-based smart shopping systems. Due to the relevance of product-recommender systems from both the consumer and shop perspectives, this article presents a new IoT-based smart product-recommender system based on an apriori algorithm and fuzzy logic. The suggested technique employs association rules to display the interdependencies and linkages among many data objects. The most common use of association rule discovery is “shopping cart analysis.” Customers' buying habits and behavior are studied based on the numerous goods they place in their shopping carts. As a result, the association rules are generated using a fuzzy system. The apriori algorithm then selects the product based on the provided fuzzy association rules. The results revealed that the suggested technique had achieved acceptable results in terms of mean absolute error, root-mean-square error, precision, recall, diversity, novelty, and catalog coverage when compared to cutting-edge methods. Finally, the method helps increase recommender systems' diversity in IoT-based smart shopping.

Penjadwalan Produksi Optimal Air Mineral Kemasan Gelas Menggunakan Pendekatan jadwal Induk Produksi

The Stock buildup problem has led to an increase in product rejects at PT Marina. This condition is caused because the company cannot identify fluctuating demand conditions and only focuses on Customer Orders. Based on this problem, an analysis was carried out regarding demand using the Multiplicative decomposition forecasting technique. The company has three seasons in the demand for glass bottled water products. Based on the demand forecasting analysis results, the demand regression model is demand (y) = 153052 + 139.88 period (x). Based on the regression results, the demand forecast results are 159,819 boxes. The results of production schedules are based on the results of demand forecasting, so the Stock condition in the company is obtained, namely 3430 - 4760 boxes/week, and this condition is the optimal condition because it is below the maximum product inventory capacity in the company.

Study on the mechanism and controlling method for annulus pressure buildup problems in shale gas wells

The Annulus Pressure Buildup (APB) problems in shale gas wells is mainly caused by the crack at casing-cement interface. The stresses on casing-cement interface and cement-formation interface are calculated by the established model which the constrain of formation rock is considered. The elastic modulus of cement sheath has great effect on the stress on casing-cement and cement formation interface. The radial stress on interfaces changed linearly with fluid pressure. The cement rock is treated as a porous elastic material and the residual strain in cement sheath is mainly caused deformation or collapse of pore structure in the cement rock due to the large radial stress on interfaces. Ultimately, micro-annulus will be generated on the casing-cement interface due to the residual strain of cement sheath. High flexibility cement rock is proposed to decrease the radial stress on the interfaces which can reduce the residual strain of cement sheath. On the other hand, PABP is proposed to offset the decreased radial stress due to residual strain. A model for calculating the stress on interface by considering residual strain of cement sheath and PABP is established. The radial stress on the interfaces caused by PABP is quantitative calculated. The mechanism on how the method for solving APB problems in shale gas wells is clearly explained. The field application certificated the validity of method for solving the APB problems and it also proved the correctness of the calculation method.

Laboratory investigation of solid wastes combined with tunnel slag in cement stabilized base of asphalt pavement

To coordinate the disposal and resource utilization of bulk solid waste iron ore tailings sand (IOTS) and hazardous solid waste phosphogypsum (PG), this paper has carried out the research of using the two and the tunnel slag in the pavement base, including unconfined compressive strength, splitting strength, compressive resilience modulus, frost resistance, temperature shrinkage, and dry shrinkage tests. According to the characteristics of phosphogypsum (PG), the water stability, delayed compaction, and leaching of toxic substances were studied, and the mechanism was analyzed by SEM and XRD. It is concluded that tunnel slag and IOTS are great filling materials; The inclusion of PG inhibited the hydration of cement, which results in the reduction of unconfined compressive strength and splitting strength in the early stage, and the higher mean coefficient of thermal contraction; When the content of PG did not exceed 6%, the frost resistance, water stability, and drying shrinkage coefficient performed well, and the delayed forming strength had almost no loss, providing support for the continuous construction technology of the road base and the inhibition of reflective cracks. Applying a large number of solid wastes to road engineering can not only efficiently handle various waste buildup problems but also produce a new form of road materials with important social, economic, and environmental benefits.

Anti ice build-up method on small railway culverts

One of the most important problems with the small railway culverts operation is the ice build-up on the inlets of these structures. This problem is universal in occurrence, but the northern regions are the main danger zone. The objective of this paper is to determine the phenomenon causes and factors that directly affect it, as well as to find a way to solve the problem. A small culvert is considered as a subsystem of the «Road/Railroad» system, which allows us to execute complete analysis and description of the technical and special production processes accounting related to design, construction, maintenance, scheduled, overhaul, as well as reconstruction, and solution of some problems, during the culverts operation. Consistently considered reliability issues during structural engineering: functional, structural, and informational. described Regulations that allow determining the nature of the ice build-up problem on pipes. In the analysis process of the existing methods for solving the problem, it was found that each method has its particularities, but in the end, is ineffective. According to the methodology presented by the authors, under Professor’s Yu.L. Scheviev supervision, has been developed a completely new approach, that provides effective financial resources use, in relation to the work result during the entire object’s life cycle, in form of a long structure operation period with the elimination of the ice build-up problem possibility. Technique application leads to a sharp decrease in the technical work frequency at small culverts. The paper analyzes a detailed algorithm for using the technique based on the calculation of a small culvert with a circular cross-section.

Effect of Pre-applied Annulus Back Pressure Cementing on Radial Stress of Interfaces in Double Layer Casing System

Pre-applied annular back pressure cementing successfully increases the sealing ability of cement sheath and reduce the annulus pressure buildup problems. In order to accurately understand the mechanical mechanism of its function, the process of cementing operation is considered. In addition, elastic mechanics and the continuous condition of interfacial displacement is used to establish a model for calculating the the radial stress on casing-cement interfaces and the mechanism of pre-applied annular back pressure cementing method improving the sealing ability of cement sheath double casing well is studied. The accuracy of the theoretical model established in this paper is verified by experimental results. The results show that the higher applied annular back pressure during cementing work can significantly increase the radial compressive stress on the interfaces and the sealing ability of cement sheath will be improved. The radial stress on interfaces increase linearly with the increase of applied annular pressure. The sealing ability of inner casing-cement sheath interface is greater improved by pre-applied annulus back pressure cementing than the cement-outer casing interface. The higher elastic modulus of cement sheath cause larger radial stress on interface. The results show that the pre-applied annular back pressure cementing can significantly increase the stress on the interfaces and the established model in this paper provides quantitative calculation method for the radial stress of the interface. The research in this paper is useful for the design and operation of annular pressure cementing technology in oil and gas wells.

Investigation of helical strut attached vena cava filter hemodynamic performanc

Hemodynamic performance of the Celect Platinum vena cava filter and the revised forms of it with helical flow inducer strut were studied with computational fluid dynamic software Ansys Fluent 18. The central velocity and shear stress increased but overall flow disturbance has been observed minimal level. Central velocity increases to 9.72% with Celect filter, by the single helical flow inducer strut the rate reaches to 14.69%, and with doubled form it reaches to 19.73%. The filter surface shear rate increases to 8.29% with the single helical flow inducer strut and increases 13.31% with doubled attachment. Increased velocity and shear stress on the filter may eliminate short term thrombus build-up problems by breaking the big size particulates with the high shearing forces. The new struts may also contribute to the ability of the filter to capture smaller clots, as well as to dissolve them from being bigger. Shear stress in the vein wall increases approximately 6.63% with the filter placement. It raises to 8.06% and 9.45% with single and double helical flow inducer strut attachment. Increased vein wall shear may reduce the recirculation and clotting in the vein wall and it may prevent the accumulation of clots. The increased shear stress on the filter may cause the migration problem, design improvements can minimize this risk. Helical flow inducer strut attachment can cause efficacy increase, and the flow are normalized.

Study on Preapplied Annulus Backpressure Increasing the Sealing Ability of Cement Sheath in Shale Gas Wells

Summary Annulus pressure buildup (APB) problems in shale gas wells seriously affected on the safety and efficient exploitation of shale gas all around the world. The sealing failure of the cement sheath on interfaces caused by periodically changed fluid pressure in casing during hydraulic fracturing is treated as the main reason for APB in shale gas wells. Many methods are put forward to solve the APB problem in the field, and fortunately, the preapplied annulus backpressure (PABP) method shows an excellent utility. In this paper, an analytical model is established to explain the mechanism of the PABP method increasing the sealing ability of the cement sheath. The residual strain of the cement sheath and radial stress on interfaces are considered to analyze the factors that affect the effectiveness of the PABP method. In addition, based on the field data, an experimental device is established to test the validity of the PABP method and to certify the accuracy of the analytical model established in this paper. The analytical results show that the thickness of the casing has little effect on radial stress on interfaces. The outer diameter of the casing and the thickness of the cement sheath can temperately affect the radial stress. The elastic modulus of the cement sheath and the formation rock can significantly affect the radial stress. The higher elastic modulus of the cement sheath can dramatically increase the radial stress on interfaces. On the contrary, the higher elastic modulus of formation rock will induce smaller radial stress on the interfaces. In the field, the number of newly added shale gas wells with APB problems has dramatically decreased by using the PABP method. The work in this paper can be significantly useful for researchers and engineers to reduce the APB in shale gas wells.

PENERAPAN METODE PER CONNECTION CLASSIFIER (PCC) PADA PERANCANGAN LOAD BALANCING DENGAN ROUTER MIKROTIK

The NOC (Network Operation Center) Division is highly dependent on the availability of internet access in carrying out its duties to monitor and maintain the network remotely. Therefore, the absence of adequate internet access will determine the performance of the work performed by the NOC division. However, problems often occur on computer networks or the internet that can hinder the work done by the NOC division, these problems include, such as the process of uploading or downloading files from the server feeling slow, unable to send emails smoothly, connections often experiencing time-out, There is a long network downtime, as well as traffic congestion on the network which can reduce network reliability. To solve this problem, one solution that can be done is to implement load balancing and failover mechanisms on the network using a MikroTik router. This study aims to design a load balancing scheme using the per connection classifier (PCC) method to overcome traffic congestion problems on the network. The research was conducted using field research methods using observation and interview techniques which were conducted from August to December 2020. The results showed that the application of the load balance technique on the xMikrotik router with the PCC (Per Connection Classifier) method can separate the internet connection through the two available ISP lines so that it can solve the problem of traffic buildup on one of the ISP links to reduce latency and improve existing network performance.

Modelling Mass Crowd Using Discrete Event Simulation: A Case Study of Integrated Tawaf and Sayee Rituals During Hajj

Hajj is a mass gathering event that takes place annually in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Typically, around three million people participate in the event and perform rituals that involve their movements within strict space and time restrictions. Despite efforts by the Hajj organisers, such massive crowd gathering and movement cause overcrowding related problems at the Hajj sites. Several previous simulation studies on Hajj focused on the rituals individually. Tawaf, followed by Sayee, are two important rituals that are performed by all the pilgrims at the same venue on the same day. These events have a strong potential for crowd buildup and related problems. As opposed the previous works in the literature, in this paper we study these two events jointly, rather than separately. We use ExtendSim, a Discrete Event Simulation tool, to integrate the Tawaf and Sayee rituals into one model. The validated model was applied to a wide range of scenarios where different percentages of pilgrims were allocated to the various Tawaf and Sayee areas. The effect of such allocations on the time to complete Tawaf and Sayee indicate strategies for managing these two key Hajj rituals.

Construction of Two Box-Like Head-and-Face Shields by Japanese Origami Folding for Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

A worldwide shortage of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the development of new alternatives. We introduce two new disposable box-like head-and-face shields constructed using Japanese origami-style folding. The design comprises a single sheet of thick paper and a shield made of a thin, transparent plastic sheet. The first design, Model 1, is a head-and-face shield designed to cover the wearer’s head and neck. Model 2 was designed to solve the problem of heat and moisture buildup inside the shield. This version can be used as face shields for patients, and it allows clinicians to collect swabs from the nasopharynx for virus detection via polymerase chain reaction through pre-cut incisions near the nasal orifices. These two new box-like face shields are excellent alternatives to traditional face shields because of the low cost, compatibility with mass production, lightweight, and disposability.

Pendampingan Pembuatan Pakan Ternak dari Limbah Pembungkus Lontong untuk Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kelurahan Kupang Krajan Kecamatan Sawahan Kota Surabaya

Banana leaf waste in kupang krajan village is very abundant. This becomes a problem of garbage buildup. Therefore, it is necessary to process waste in order to become a useful product. By using assed based community development (ABCD) method aims to provide training in making animal feed from banana leaf waste. The results of the training showed that the people of Kupang Krajan village were able to make quality animal feed with a fragrant aroma. Animal feed has also been tested to beef cattle, dairy cows, and goats in west Surabaya and Gresik. There are cattle that eat directly and some still have to adapt.

Deposition of anti-stick coatings to prevent hydrocarbon buildup on truck engines

The problem of buildup of hydrocarbon deposits on truck engine surfaces may reduce the fuel efficiency, in addition increasing the amount of unburned fuel as exhaust gases can lead to environmental risk. This problematic issue can be resolved by applying anti-stick coatings on engine pistons using PVD technique. In this work, broad range of coating substrate systems (Chrome based (CrN, CrAlTiN), Oxides (TiOx and ZrOx), Carbon based (Graphit-iC™ and Dymon-iC™) and special coating (TiB2), are investigated to determine their ability to act as anti-stick coatings. All the coatings investigated in this study, were applied on polished parts cut from engine piston cylinders. Characterizations were performed after applying droplets of engine oil and heat treating the surfaces up to 400 °C. Based on the evaluation of oil adhesion, surface energy, coating thermal stability, surface morphology, mechanical and crystallographic properties, the anti-stick performance ranking of coatings was suggested for truck engine piston application in order to improve their performance.

Study on heat transfer model of capillary exchanger in subway source heat pump system

In order to solve the problem of heat build-up in subway tunnels, a subway heat pump system with capillary network as front-end heat exchanger is proposed. A one-dimensional simplified plate heat transfer calculation method for capillary heat exchanger (CHE) based on surface-heat-source is proposed. Taking into consideration of the changing heat flux during heat transfer, this paper adopts step load, superposition principle, energy conservation and iterative method to establish the heat transfer model of CHE. CHE heat transfer tests were carried out at the Zhiquan Road Station of Qingdao Metro R2 line to prove this model. The results show that the max error of the model is 8.79%. In addition, the impact of such factors as inlet water temperature of CHE, the lining thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity of surrounding rock and thermal diffusivity of the surrounding rock to the performance of the heat exchanger has been analyzed.

Analysis of Electric Railroad Trips on the Manggarai - Bogor Line

The purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of passenger buildup at the station on the Manggarai - Bogor station. To overcome the buildup of passengers at the station the action that must be taken is to analyze the Headway, cross capacity, the number of trips at this time. The data collected is in the form of the latest number of passengers, the latest number of trips, the latest electric railroad stamformation data. The analysis shows that the current capacity of the electric rail train can only accommodate 455,904 passengers, while the daily passenger volume reaches 460,448 passengers, a difference of 4,544 passengers is found. At present the total electric train travel on the Manggarai - Bogor crossing is 321 Ka / day with a maximum crossing capacity of 403 trains / day. To overcome the problem of accumulation of passengers at the station by adding 2 trips stamformasi electric railroad on the Manggarai - Bogor crossing, looking at the maximum cross capacity in the Manggarai - Bogor crossing, which is 403 trains / day, is still capable of additional trips. The Manggarai - Bogor crossing still uses stamformasi 8, stamformasi 10, stamformasi 12, if it follows the current growth of electric railroad users for stamformasi 8 and stamformasi 10 it cannot cope with the very high number of passengers resulting in passenger transportation exceeding the railroad user comfort standards. electricity. It is recommended to change the information system that operates on Manggarai - Bogor crossroad using 12 information system entirely in order to overcome the problem of passenger buildup at the station

Accelerated Aging and Lifetime Prediction of Graphene-Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites

Accelerated lifetime prediction is the key technology to assure the safety and reliability of rubber products in automotive components. In the present study, carbon black (CB), which has been a conventional reinforcing filler in the rubber industry, was partially replaced by graphene in natural rubber (NR) composite system. Due to the superior intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene, it is getting much attention to reduce heat build-up problem of vibration mount for longer lifetime in its demanding performance. Therefore this study not only focuses on the effect of graphene loading on mechanical properties of NR composites but also on the accelerated lifetime prediction of graphene-reinforced NR composites. Hardness and compressive properties were linearly increased as CB was partially replaced by graphene (1-5 phr; parts per hundred rubber) showing better reinforcing effect. In accelerated lifetime experiments, hardness and compression set were significantly changed after 24 h when the samples were exposed to 85 °C and 70 °C, respectively. From the relationship between thermal aging temperature and lifetime, Arrhenius plot using least square method was drawn to predict the lifetime of NR composites resulting that the activation energy reached at a maximum when 3 phr of graphene was filled in NR composite. Through the accelerated thermal aging test, lifetime prediction of graphene-reinforced NR composites were successfully drawn particularly focusing on compression set property which is one of the most dominant factors for the aging of vibration mount.

Dual Segment Glocal Model Based Capacitive Level Sensor (CLS) for Adhesive Material and Level Detection

Abstract This paper presents a multi segment capacitive level monitoring sensor based on distributed E-fields approach Glocal. This approach has an advantage to analyze build-up problem by the local E-fields as well the fluid level monitoring by the global E-fields. The multi segment capacitive approach presented within this work addresses the main problem of unwanted parasitic capacitance generated from Copper (Cu) strips by applying active shielding concept. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used for isolation and parafilm is used for creating artificial build-up on a CLS.