Problems In Ukraine Research Articles

Concept of social state in Ukraine: current condition and problems of implementation

The article is aimed at analysing the theoretical, constitutional and legal bases of the social state, the ways of their improvement, as well as at searching for optimum ways to resolve controversial issues related to the social state development in Ukraine.
 Ukraine is still at the stage of building a social state therefore the issue is still relevant. The process is preceded by a number of factors. First, Ukraine is facing an economic crisis, second, hostilities are still continuing in the eastern Ukraine, and third, Ukraine has been facing a COVID-19 pandemic with quarantine restrictions being imposed.
 As a young country, Ukraine is still experiencing the imbalance of state, social and political interests. With that said the country needs to define and clearly regulate its development as a social state, so the issue is still relevant. At present, there numerous factors to be considered. First, Ukraine is facing an economic crisis, second, hostilities continue in eastern Ukraine, and third, Ukraine was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic requiring quarantine restrictions.
 Building a social state in Ukraine is impossible without ensuring full functioning of the rule of law mechanism. That is why ensuring the development and observance of the rule of law is an important factor in the social state formation in Ukraine. Therefore, the problems of Ukraine as a social state should be considered from the rule of law's perspective.
 An important means of ensuring the status of a social state consists in compliance with the constitutional principles in the social sphere. In this context the issue of ensuring sustainable implementation and observance of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine also becomes relevant, as it becomes obvious that the appropriate position of this body with regard to social benefits does not create any obstacles to further violation of the Constitution in a similar legal situation. This practice of the state does not comply with the principles of the law-governed state, as a mechanism of a social state is a law-governed state itself, therefore it is necessary to make every effort to establish constitutional legality with relation to both lawmaking and law enforcement.
 On the way to approaching the European standards, Ukraine should focus on the state and legal aspect of social orientation. Such focus should also become a prority for deep socio-economic transformations in the country.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS

In today's domestic economy, highly effective integration forms of the synthesis of production, science, and education are practically not represented. The article proves that in the conditions of neo-industrialization, overcoming the problems of Ukraine's entry into world markets, creating innovative potential, and improving the overall economic situation in the country is associated not only with the modernization and technical re-equipment of industrial enterprises but also with the development of the integration forms they form, including industrial parks. This fact made it possible, using theoretical developments in the management of innovative processes, technology park structures, and a systematic approach, to develop a concept for the formation and functioning of industrial parks. The practical implementation of the proposed approach will make it possible to solve the country's industrial policy problems aimed at increasing the level of innovative activity and competitiveness of industrial parks.

Juvenile Offenders: Reasons and Characteristics of Criminal Behavior

The article examines the phenomenon of “juvenile delinquency”, assesses its actual state and establishes the tendencies of its manifestations. Juvenile delinquency in Ukraine as a part of crime in a broad sense arises and develops under the influence of certain determinants. The study of the causes and conditions of juvenile delinquency remains relevant today, which indicates the special danger of this kind of crime for the development of society. The purpose of the article is to study the state of the problem in Ukraine and the experience of other countries in minimising the criminal behaviour of minors in the process of property and non-property relations. The leading approach that was used when writing the article is the comparison and analysis of modern materials on the problems of criminal behaviour of criminals who have not reached the age of majority. As a result, it was possible to identify the social characteristics of juvenile criminals and the reasons for their criminal behaviour. Considerable attention is paid to the factors influencing the commission of crimes: a dysfunctional family, shortcomings of the educational process, the problem of alcohol and drug use by minors. In addition, some directions for the prevention of juvenile delinquency were developed. The applied value is the ability to change legislation in terms of work and correction of minor criminals’ behaviour.

The Problem of Subject and Subjectivity in Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences in the Context of Training Future Teachers

The article analyzes the multimodality of approaches to the concept of subjectivity of a primary school teacher in Ukrainian education. The purpose of the article is how to determine the well-established traditional (mostly destructive) and promising directions for the development of the doctrine of subjectivity in the Ukrainian psychological and pedagogical discourse against the background of historical and current experience. We identified a number of contradictions in the qualification of this phenomenon, the stability of traditional approaches and the avoidance of interdisciplinary neurophysiological and pedagogical understanding of the problem in Ukraine. We also found out that the ideas of Ukrainian scientists are of an expressive dual nature: they are divided into sociocentric representations of the subject as an indicator of the social level and nature-centered (subjectivity as an innate permanent resource for self-development). We also made some comments on the use of traditional and innovative ideas of subjectivity in the educational process. The greatest drawback of the Ukrainian scientific discourse is the lack of consideration of neurophysiological patterns in the understanding of subjectivity. Nevertheless, the maximum use of such ideas outlines the prospects for a new stage in the development of psychological and pedagogical science in Ukraine. The international contribution of the article lies in the re-inventory of views on the subjectivity of the post-totalitarian state against the background of world trends. This will allow countries that have little experience in transforming education, psychology and sociology (Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, etc.) not to formally adopt the experience of Western democracies, but also to acquire constructive traditions in their own discourse.

Psychological and Pedagogical Features of the Organization of Collective Forms of Work in Different Age-Related Groups

The article identifies the main problems of the organization, the features of collective educational activities in multi-age classes and ways to overcome them. The relevance of the article is determined by the demographic problem of Ukraine - the threat of closure of small rural schools for economic reasons. The position of the authors in this regard is as follows: if to develop a theoretical basis for the effective association of small classes into large, but mixed-age classes and to stimulate administrative and legal support of such association, it is possible to preserve schools even in the most marginalized areas. The general purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of functioning of multi-age classes in today's conditions and to provide recommendations for constructive organization of educational activities of multi-age classes in the realities of modern Ukrainian schools on the basis of the received data. Partial aims of the article - analysis of domestic and foreign literature and consideration of ideas and problems of teachers of Ukrainian small schools to obtain data, analyze them, and formulate recommendations. Criteria for selection and analysis of the literature - thematic, temporal (mainly the latest sources), problematic (coverage of the maximum number of problematic aspects) and practice-oriented (data can be extrapolated, adapted, borrowed). This determined the methods of the article: typological. comparative, pragmatic analysis of the content of educational conditions and principles related to the topic; sociological (elements of questioning teachers unrepresentative sample) for general opinion of teachers, getting suggestions (request) and teachers' attitude to the problem. At the final stage, methods of extrapolation (according to the installation "world tendencies - Ukrainian realities"), generalization and forecasting were used. Prospects for further research lie in the development of integrated teaching methods and forms. The latter should be both maximally differentiated, but expediently integrated, and subjects of different ages should minimally interfere and maximally mutually assist in achieving educational goals.

Development of endogenic intoxication in rats under nitrite tobacco toxicosis after carboline application

Summary. Today, more and more attention of researchers is paid to the combined pathologies that may be due to the action of several toxic factors on the body. Interest in elucidating the mechanisms of action of nitrites and nitrates on the body is due to their widespread use in industry, agriculture and medicine. Smoking is a socio-economic phenomenon and one of the most important health problems in Ukraine and around the world, as it is accessible to all and therefore widespread. Intake of exogenous toxicants is accompanied by the development of oxidative stress and the accumulation of toxic products in various organs, the deepening of endogenous intoxication, to eliminate which modern enterosorbents are used. The aim of the study – to determine the degree of endogenous intoxication in rats of different ages under conditions of nitrite-tobacco toxicosis after application of the enterosorbent carboline. Materials and Methods. The experiments were performed on white male rats of different ages that were exposed to tobacco smoke for 45 days and received sodium nitrite 24 hours and 72 hours before the end of the study. One of the groups of rats on the background of toxic poisoning was administered enterosorbent carboline at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight. Animals were removed from the experiment on the 30th and 45th day of tobacco intoxication (and after 24 and 72 hours of sodium nitrite poisoning). Results. A study of the content of MetHb in the blood of rats affected by sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication, showed a progressive increase in all age groups during the experiment. The most pronounced increase in the permeability of erythrocyte membranes was observed in immature rats during the experiment. In the last period of the experiment, this figure increased by 55.6 % in this group of animals. The indicators in senile animals were almost at the same level. The enterosorbent carboline was effective in methemoglobin and erythrocyte intoxication index, reducing these rates in poisoned animals compared to rats that did not receive it. In the experiment, after poisoning of rats of different ages with sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication in the serum, an increase in the content of MMM of both fractions – MM1 and MM2. Immature rats were more sensitive to the content of endogenous toxins. Throughout the experiment, they had the highest content of medium weight molecules in the serum compared to adult and senile rats. The 30-day use of carboline was effective for all age groups. Conclusions. Under conditions of nitrite-tobacco toxicosis in animals of different ages deepens endogenous intoxication, manifested by increased methemoglobin and erythrocyte membrane permeability, as well as increased content of medium weight molecules in the serum of rats during 45 days of intoxication with tobacco poisoning. Immature rats were the most sensitive to toxicants. The enterosorbent carboline used under these conditions probably reduced all indicators of endogenous intoxication in rats of all ages

Determination of hand functionality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis based on the results of a physical therapy programme

At present, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis, which significantly affects the patient's quality of life and leads to a permanent loss of their ability to work, which is an important medical and social problem in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to determine the functional capabilities of the hand in patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to the results of the physical therapy programme. Materials and methods. The study examined 188 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, whose average age was 44.9±7.6 years. All patients were randomly assigned to the control (n=92) and intervention (n=96) groups. Patients in the control group underwent rehabilitation in accordance with the recommendations of the regulatory document of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. For the patients of the main group, a rehabilitation intervention technology was scientifically substantiated and developed, including physical therapy means with a personalised approach to each patient, taking into account the factors affecting the level of functional impairment and quality of life. The physical therapy programme included the following elements: therapeutic exercises, therapeutic massage, physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, orthotics, kinesiotaping of the upper extremities, mechanotherapy and psychological support. The Sollerman hand function test was used to determine the functional capabilities of the hand. Results. Increased mobility in the joints of the upper extremities and muscle strength 3 months after both standard treatment and physical therapy contributed to the improvement of manipulative function and activity of the hand in everyday life, as evidenced by the Sollerman test. However, significantly better changes occurred in patients of the main group compared to the control group. Thus, in patients of the main group, after 3 months, the average Sollerman test scores increased to 65.1±5.3 points, in the control group this figure was significantly lower than 61.8±3.6 points (±S) (р<0,05). Accordingly, the average Sollerman test score in patients of the main group increased from 65.1±5.3 points to 70.2±6.3 points, which is significantly higher than in patients of the control group – from 61.8±3.6 points to 65.1±3.8 points (±S) (р<0,05). Conclusion. After a 6-month course of physical therapy, patients in the main group showed better results in the Sollerman test than in the control group, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed technology of rehabilitation measures. Consequently, the functional capacity of the hands significantly increased in the patients of the main group, which improved self-care, performance, daily activity and quality of life.

Digitalization of Educational Process in Ukraine: the Challenges for Students and Lecturers

Abstract. Introduction. The Pandemic has led to considerable changes in the sphere of education and it also brought about some educational problems in Ukraine. The level of education has direct influence upon incomes and employment of population: people who are better educated can find jobs more easily, have better working conditions and higher salary. Moreover, higher level of education is positively connected with life expectancy, health and social integration. At the beginning of the quarantine in the spring of 2020 all the educational facilities switched over to distance learning and closely experienced the process of digitalization which was becoming of increasing importance. In this research we decided to concentrate on the actions taken in the organization of educational processes during the quarantine caused by COVID-19. Also we delineated educational problems of digitalization which were faced by participants of the studying process: student community and lecturers

Науково-методичні засади реабілітації радіоактивно забруднених агроландшафтів у контексті зеленої економіки

Goal. To outline the scientific and methodological principles of rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated agricultural landscapes of Ukrainian Polissia in the context of the European Green Course, taking into account modern environmental and socio-economic characteristics of the region to ensure full integration of the state into the European space. Methods. System analysis and synthesis; generally accepted methods of descriptive and variational statistics, as well as identification of the function of dose distribution of irradiation of the population was used for data processing and analysis. Statistical processing of dosimetry results and analysis of experimental data was performed using OriginPro 9 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Results. During the 35 years after the Chernobyl accident, the area, which was contaminated with radionuclides and the levels of radiation, especially with 137Cs and 90Sr, has decreased significantly — almost halved — as evidenced by radiological research data from research institutions. The results of a fragmentary radiological survey of agricultural and forest lands, as well as dosimetric control of the population indicate the need for large-scale radioecological monitoring. Conclusions. Radioactive contamination of the agricultural landscapes of Ukrainian Polissia against the background of the need for comprehensive rehabilitation of the region is one of the serious problems of Ukraine in implementing the points of the strategy “From farm to fork” in the European Green Course. The situation in radioactively contaminated agricultural landscapes, in particular the level of radiation contamination of agricultural products, is complex and complicated not only by purely radioecological, but also by other factors, including peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions, soil cover, material and technical characteristics of farms, and as the result, economic development of the region, as well as many social components, etc. The development of agricultural production in these areas should be based on a scientifically sound strategy and recommendations aimed at minimizing radiation doses to the population of Ukraine and focusing on biologically and environmentally friendly measures.

Епідеміологія переломів проксимального відділу стегнової кістки в Україні: результати дослідження стоп (cистема реєстрації остеопоротичних переломів)

Переломи проксимального відділу стегнової кістки (ППВСК) є одним із найбільш тяжких ускладнень остеопорозу, що має важливе медико-соціальне й економічне значення. Загальновідомо, що їх частота поступово збільшується з віком й залежить від статі, проте епідеміологічні дані в Україні обмежені. У статті наведено результати першого українського багатоцентрового епідеміологічного дослідження СТОП (Cистема реєсТрації Остеопоротичних Переломів) щодо частоти ППВСК у осіб віком 40 років і старше. Установлено, що частота ППВСК у населення України збільшується з віком. Продемонстровано більш високі показники частоти ППВСК у чоловіків молодше 55 років із подальшим переважанням показників у жінок. Загалом показник частоти ППВСК був подібним показнику сусідніх держав (Польща та Румунія). Оскільки ППВСК є серйозною проблемою охорони здоров’я в Україні та світі, регіональні епідеміологічні дані щодо їх частоти є важливим підґрунтям для розробки загальнонаціональної системи профілактики та лікування остеопорозу та його ускладнень.

Study of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete using fiber from fly ash of thermal power plants

Enhancing the quality, improving the compositions and technology of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete are among the urgent problems in Ukraine. The feasibility to use modifying additives in the compositions of asphalt concrete mixtures to improve the quality of crushed stone-mastic asphalt has been defined. For the first time in Ukraine, laboratory studies were carried out on the use of fiber from fly ash from thermal power plants to reinforce hot asphalt concrete mixtures for the construction of road and airfield pavements. The features of the surface topography of the fiber under consideration, the properties of the asphalt binder are investigated, and its bitumen-holding capacity is assessed. The rheological properties of the material are determined. The influence of various powder stabilizers on the structure formation of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures and the properties of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete has been established, and fiber from fly ash from thermal power plants has been substantiated to be the most effective reinforcing additive, the most effective modifier, and has shown advantages over traditional additives.

РОЗВИТОК СТАРТАПІВ В УКРАЇНІ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ, ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, МОЖЛИВОСТІ

The article examines the theoretical aspects of the functioning of startups: the essence, content, and differences of startups from traditional entrepreneurship. A startup is a modern form of starting an innovative business that has a high potential for development and is designed for rapid growth and scalability. The main criteria that determine the credibility of startups and form their rating are identified: efficiency; financing; market size; talent; experience; knowledge; connectivity. Ukraine's international ranking for the development of startups, as well as trends in the country's leading cities are analyzed. According to the international rating StartupBlink, Ukraine in 2021 ranked 34th among 100 countries. Over the past 20 years, the development of startups in the IT industry has gained momentum. However, there are many promising areas in the country, in addition to IT, which may develop in the future and help bring Ukraine to high ratings. An assessment of investment attraction and cost formation of startups in Ukraine was conducted. The risks and problems faced by Ukrainian startups have been identified. The tendencies and strategic prospects of further development of startups are outlined, among which: activity in the field of information technologies; the growing number of startups with mobile applications, computer programs, and games; stimulating innovation and development of startups in the processing industry, financial and insurance activities, telecommunications. Ukraine has great potential and opportunities for the development of startups in the future, but their further implementation is possible only with effective state intervention. The problem for Ukraine is the insufficient level of support for startups from the state, the low investment climate in the country, as well as the ambiguous regulatory framework. The directions of state support for the development of startups and venture investment in Ukraine are substantiated: orientation on the development of entrepreneurial culture; enabling startups to participate in international programs; guarantee of protection of the rights of startups, intellectual property; increase in investments by the state for further development of startups in the country.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ПЕРЕДОВИХ СВІТОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОГО БІЗНЕСУ

A study of potential opportunities and risks of blockchain implementation for Ukrainian enterprises was conducted. Proposals for the development of a system of actions for business tokenization have been developed. The ontological and organizational principles of the blockchain in the crypto industry are studied. The use of blockchain in the crypto industry as the main sphere of technology life is stated. The experience of application of blockchain technology of the United States of America and Great Britain is studied. The timeline projects of Ukrainian ministries and some state institutions, in particular the National Bank of Ukraine; on the introduction of advanced world technologies are analyzed. The impact of the introduction of blockchain technology on Ukrainian enterprises is described. Key barriers to blockchain-based technology development at Ukrainian enterprises have been identified, including: low bandwidth; significant delay time; bandwidth size and width; security issues; energy consuming bitcoin mining. The advantages of blockchain technology for business in various fields of activity are identified. A parallel was drawn between the activities of the largest public companies, the largest companies by market capitalization and startups with the highest rating in the world. The issues of normative-legal and institutional support of this problem in Ukraine and abroad were studied separately. Proposals for Ukrainian business are given, among which: to systematize the basic concepts related to cryptotechnologies; create a register of cryptocurrencies, which will indicate the name and protocol of the cryptocurrency; the adoption at the official level of a moratorium on the regulation and restriction of the right to engage in business related to cryptocurrencies; improvement of legal support for legalization of mining in Ukraine, inclusion of this activity in the national classifier, i.e. creation of Classification of economic activities, which can be added to the activities of private individuals or LLCs, and which will relate to the use of blockchain technology, data processing and smart contracts in distributed registers.

Особливості професійної підготовки фахівців для забезпечення сімейної форми здобуття середньої освіти в Україні та світі

The article describes the results of the research on the current state of professional training to ensure the successful implementation of family (home) form of secondary education in Ukraine and other countries. The target audience of the study are scientists, teachers and other professionals whose activities are aimed at supporting families with children in home schooling. The issue is urgent because the family form of education is a recent innovative introduction into the practice of secondary education in Ukraine, whereas the process of training specialists to work in this alternative form of education appeared to be imperfect. That is why the purpose of the article is to study the worldwide experience in the training of specialists to work with children in home schooling to identify the possibility of implementing the experience of leading countries in domestic practice. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were formulated: 1) to conduct a survey of parents of secondary school students in order to determine their attitude to the family form of education; 2) to find out whether there is a need for professional support when a family homeschool a child; 3) to analyze the current state of teacher training for family education all around the world, and in Canada in particular; 4) to compare the state of the problem in Ukraine and the world and determine the possibility of implementing the experience with positive results in the system of training in Ukraine. To solve all the problems mentioned above such general research methods were used as namely empirical methods of comparison and systems analysis; and theoretical methods, like continuous sampling methods and analogies. The study identified the need for curricula and additional training courses for working with families in which children receive home-based secondary education. The experience of foreign countries on the introduction of family education and training must be taken into account when organizing the educational process in Ukraine. It should also be noted that the interest is both positive and negative world experience. The results of the study are important for further theoretical research on the identified problem and important practical importance for the organization of a successful process of training to provide family education as an innovative alternative form of secondary education in Ukraine.

Private and public finances during the Russian-Ukrainian war: costs, losses, and reimbursements

The article is devoted to financial, material, and legislative problems in Ukraine caused by the Russian-Ukrainian war. The issues of budget expenditures, financial losses, material losses and their compensation are considered. It is emphasized that the war is an extremely costly event for any country, which has an extremely negative impact primarily on public finances. When talking about Ukraine, we can single out budget expenditures and budget, resource, and material losses. And most importantly, it is about lost human lives that have no financial measurement. Every day, Ukrainian budgets receive less planned revenues than due because of reduced tax revenues, in particular, VAT revenues (for example, in March, VAT revenues amounted to approximately 60% of the target financial performance), personal income tax, single social security tax, customs duty (currently only the western border is open; the northern, southern, and eastern borders are closed or blocked, in connection with which the export-import operations and their payments decreased), and state duty revenues, etc. This is because the purchasing power of citizens has decreased, and the purchasing needs themselves have changed significantly. It is emphasized, that the infrastructural, material, and property losses of Ukraine during the war are enormous (in the worst sense). Losses are calculated and estimated daily. Of course, the figures are still approximate. Also, as long as the war is going on, losses will increase, and after its end, there will be a question of compensation. Compensation payments will be made at the expense of the budget funds, and most of all at the expense of the funds received from the seized or confiscated property of the russian federation and its citizens. There is great doubt that the leadership of the country that started this senseless war, as well as the citizens who support and approve it, will voluntarily agree to make payments or enforce the decisions of any international courts and organizations. Therefore, we must already actively form a real financial basis and basis for compensation for damages. Here, Ukrainian politicians and government officials work closely with their foreign counterparts. After all, it is necessary to determine which property and belonging to which individuals can be transferred to the needs of Ukraine, and in what way. The fact of creating the Trust Fund for the Reconstruction of Ukraine After the War should be noted positively. Its creation was supported in March 2022 in Brussels at the summits of NATO, the Group of Seven and the EU, which discussed Russia’s war against Ukraine. The World Bank, Sweden, the Netherlands, Austria and other countries have joined the initiative to create such a fund. From May 2022, the Trust Fund is going to start its work. Economic recovery will largely depend on business recovery. However, the work of many powerful companies — large taxpayers — during martial law has been suspended indefinitely or suspended temporarily and resumed after the transfer of their technical capacities to other regions. Some businesses have lost their property complexes during air strikes and other hostilities (they are destroyed). And for them to become involved in economic recovery, they must be rebuilt first (where possible). The problems of financial and budgetary expenses for the war are considered separately. According to rough estimates, the daily budget costs of fighting cost Ukraine about USD 66 million. If we add additional funding from private funds of individuals and legal entities, the total costs increase significantly. Given the need for increasing funds, government officials are in constant talks with foreign partners, with business representatives about the possibility of obtaining additional financial assistance, new grants and loans, and more. It is noted that in difficult conditions of the war, the state needs additional funding. For this purpose, such finan cial instruments as borrowing — internal and external — are actively used. Ukraine is actively cooperating with the World Bank. In this context borrowings, loans and financial assistance as special financial resources are analysed. Features of public procurement in the war period are considered. Yes, there occurred problems with suppliers (because some of them remained in the occupied territories, some lost their production capacities, some lost workers, etc.), logistical problems (delay or inability to deliver goods, services), growing demand for previously less popular goods. In order to optimize procurement during the war and meet the urgent needs of the state and restore Ukrainian business, the Prozorro State Enterprise, Professional Procurement State Institution and electronic platforms (E-Tender, Zakupki.prom.ua, SmartTender, Public Procurement. Online and Tender-Online) have developed the Prozorro+ Platform.

Analysis of the Sociological and Informational Section of Economic and Military and Defense Problems in Ukraine at the Current Stage (Unified Journalistic Material Was Formed on the Basis of Discussion Events in United Territorial Communities)

In the article, based on a sociological analysis of public opinion and the existing work experience of state management bodies, local self-government bodies and economic entities, with the participation of public formations, certain problems of a military and defense nature were identified. They were evaluated from the standpoint of an average citizen of the United Territorial Communities (UTC). The research was carried out by surveying citizens about the causes of shortcomings and omissions of both a tactical and strategic nature. Based on existing experience, ways and means of their elimination are proposed. The prerequisites for increasing responsibility for the final results of activities in this area have been studied. The accession of Ukraine to the European Commonwealth in the post-war period determines not only the success of the struggle and, in the end, victory, but also the development and implementation of means and mechanisms for activating the activities of united territorial communities and business entities in fundamentally new conditions. It has been established that due to the complex use of social, political, and spiritual factors when introducing relevant changes in the legislation, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of reforms and prevent negative phenomena that developed in the post-totalitarian period and during the war. Increasing the efficiency of the specified measures is proposed at the expense of ideological-educational and innovative-management levers. This is one of the directions of not only the development of national and regional traditions and culture, but also the strengthening of economic security in the state, and the stable functioning of the national economy of Ukraine, which can actually make it competitive in the conditions of global competition and accession to the EU and NATO. Keywords OTG, public opinion, war, defense, management, ideology, enterprises, stability, strategy, tactics, efficiency, economic activity, reformation-transformational society, European Union, NATO.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПОЛІЦІЄЮ АВТОМОБІЛІВ-«ФАНТОМІВ» ЯК МОБІЛЬНИХ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ЗАСОБІВ У СИСТЕМІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ БЕЗПЕКИ ДОРОЖНЬОГО РУХУ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ УКРАЇНИ)

The purpose of the article is to determine on the basis of the analysis of statistical data characterizing the state of road injuries in Ukraine, the main causes of road accidents; conducting a comparative description of existing technical means of speed control; description of the specifics of the use of removable (mobile) vehicles with integrated systems for automatic safety control (speed mode) on the roads by patrol police units. To achieve this goal, scientific methods were used, such as critical analysis of special literature and specification of current requirements of regulations in the field of road safety to control the speed limit; systematization of knowledge (information) from open Internet resources and generalization of existing approaches in popular science publications to solve the raised problem in Ukraine and in the world. Results. The norms of the current legislation have been determined and analysed, which provide the possibility of fixing violations of traffic rules at stationary posts and in automatic mode. Such categories of current legislation in the field of road safety, as “system for recording administrative offenses in the field of ensuring SRT in automatic node”, “technical means (control devices)”, the procedure for their application in accordance with the law. A comparative analysis of the use of “phantom” cars abroad was conducted. The tactical and technical characteristics of domestic patrol police vehicles, which control the speed of traffic due to the built-in integrated systems, are characterised. Some legal collisions that arise when using the above-mentioned mobile devices to control the speed limit on the roads are concretised. Conclusions were made on ensuring road safety as a complex problem that requires participation in its solution at various levels of many business entities and executive bodies; different ways of speed control on roads (stationary and mobile technical means) are noted; highlighted as one of the innovations in this area the application of “phantom” cars with integrated speed control systems; the presence of such “phantom” cars disciplines drivers and requires to comply the traffic rules be them anywhere on the road network.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМ РИНКУ СЛУЖБИ КРОВІ УКРАЇНИ

One of the health problems facing society is the regular need in blood components and preparations. Decreasing the volume of blood procurement and its components to a critical level in recent years is a significant problem in Ukraine. Various aspects of Ukrainian blood service institutions’ activity are presented in the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. At the same time, the possibilities of marketing in eliminating modern problems of the blood service remain unresolved. The aim of the work is to study the problems of the blood service market and identify those that can be solved with the help of marketing tools. The article’s objectives are to identify current problems in the blood service of Ukraine; systematization and classification of them, and the separation of those that can be solved with the help of marketing tools. Based on expert assessments and statistics on the blood service of Ukraine, the 15 most pressing problems of the Ukrainian blood service have been identified. All of them were systematized and classified into groups: information, logistics, production, security, financial and political. Some of them can be solved only at the state level, the negative impact of some can be solved by blood service institutions. It was found that with the help of marketing tools can be solved only information (lack of sufficient base of staff donors; the state does not properly promote voluntary donation and logistics) and logistics (insufficient number of donors; the problem of providing the medical industry with components and drugs of sufficient blood quantity, the problem of availability of components and blood products for medicine, a high percentage of write-off of erythrocyte mass) problems. Developed and implemented marketing programs to promote voluntary donation, marketing programs to attract new ones, retain existing ones and return lost donors can help increase the number of donors and the staff donor base. The development of information products for the accounting and exchange of data on the needs of the medical industry and their availability in blood centers and direct marketing tools in their divergence can solve a number of logistical problems.

Waste utilization market in the regions of Ukraine: current state analysis and main development trends

Modern development trends in waste management in the Ukrainian regions indicate the narrowing of the potential for waste processing and consolidation of the practice of their removal both in specially designated places and unauthorized spontaneous landfills. Unlike the EU countries, where the secondary processing of a significant part of the generated waste is carried out, a low level of waste utilization and processing is observed in Ukraine due to the limited development of processing. Despite the declared priority of the waste management problem, a certain improvement of the legal framework, and the implementation of state and regional profile target programs, the total amount of waste accumulated during operation continues to grow. The existing regulatory and legal gaps in waste management in Ukraine do not allow efficient implementation and achievement of the requirements for the functioning of this field declared at the national and regional levels. A change in the conceptual approach of state and local authorities in waste management from the dominance of waste disposal to prevention and reduction of waste generation and expansion of the practice of sorting, recycling, and use of energy and secondary material resources is the key to achieving the positive changes in solving these problems in Ukraine. Within the framework of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement, Ukraine undertook obligations related to the harmonization of its legislation in waste and secondary resources management with the EU legislation. These obligations stimulate it to reform this area in accordance with modern norms and standards based on the principles of circular economy and resource and energy conservation. The article establishes that the current state of the waste utilization and processing market in Ukraine depends on the development and support level of entrepreneurial initiatives in this area, as well as the interest of regional authorities and specialized communal organizations in strengthening and expanding their own resource potential. According to the analysis of the waste utilization and processing market in Ukraine, three main groups of barriers that prevent its development are identified. A list of priority profile tasks, the consistent implementation of which will allow overcoming these obstacles and creating favorable conditions to boost the recycling market development in Ukraine in the near future, is proposed.

Investigation of drying process kinetics of composite granules

Among the large number of modern environmental problems in Ukraine, waste of wastewater treatment stations occupies a special place. During biological water treatment, the separated sludge deposits are sent to the silt fields, which are the biggest problem. Today, these fields reached their capacity three times over and pose a danger, the consequences of which go far beyond environmental problems and have grown into a chain of socio-economic, technical, medical-biological and moral-ethical problems. Previously, activated sludge was used as fertilizer in the fields, but in connection with the Chornobyl Disaster, it was banned. As a result, accumulations of silt deposits were formed, which are also called obsolete. A modern solution is the compaction of sediments and the development of energy-efficient technologies for the processing of obsolete sludge and incineration in appropriate facilities. This paper presents the results of the drying process study for composite granules based on peat, sludge and biomass. The effect of coolant temperature on the drying rate shows the 1.4-fold intensification of the drying process. Theoretical studies with the construction of generalized drying curves of composite granules calculated by the method of V. V. Krasnikov showed coincidence with experimental data.