Problem-based Approach Research Articles

Student discussion skill activities on microbiology courses through lesson study

Lesson study is an educator professional development program through collaborative and continuous learning based on the principles of collegiality and mutual learning. This lesson study activity aims to increase student discussion activities in the Microblogy course at the Teacher Training and Education Faculty Biology Study Program at Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. This research was a classroom action research using 4 cycles. It used a qualitative design with a problem-based approach. The lesson study implementation phase was planning (Plan), implementing learning (Do) and Reflection (See). The topics chosen in the lesson study activities were (1) Bacteria (2) Fungi, (3) Protozoa, and (4) Viruses. The data collection used observation sheet observation of student discussion activities through lesson study activities. The data collected were then analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results of lesson study activities showed the increasing in skills activity to student discussions in microbiology courses at the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. Continuous implementation of lesson study in the lecture process improved the professionalism of lecturers. Along with the increase in lecturer professionalism, it had an impact on the effectiveness of learning activities and improving the quality of education as a whole.

Superpositions of Functions in the Course of Mathematics: a Problem-Based Approach

In the context of the problem-based approach, the concept of superposition of functions is studied. The subject of the research is considered in three aspects: pedagogical, mathematical and methodological. The development of the concept of superposition and its connection with other definitions and facts from the initial level of mathematical education to the levels of high school and university are traced. A problem-based system has been built, the components of which are theoretical exercises, problems of a standard and constructive nature, based on the properties and application of superpositions. The corresponding methodological support of the decision process is proposed.

The opportunities of foreign language teaching of future specialists through distance learning in the context of problem-based and informational approach (using the example of non-language specialities)

The opportunities of foreign language teaching of future specialists through distance learning in the context of problem-based and informational approach (using the example of non-language specialities)

Discovery Learning and Problem-Based Instructional Approaches: Effect of Secondary School Students’ Interest in Biology

Discovery Learning and Problem-Based Instructional Approaches: Effect of Secondary School Students’ Interest in Biology

Psychological distress Management in Iranian emergency prehospital providers: A Qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION:Emergency prehospital providers (EPHP) who are constantly providing medical care in threatening conditions are more at risk of displaying psychological distress presentations in disaster situations. Problem-solving strategies are essential for effective and efficient management of event position. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore psychological distress promotion in Iranian EPHP.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A qualitative content analysis study was conducted based on 24 semi-structured interviews. A purposeful sampling method was applied until reaching data saturation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and then, data condensing, labeling, coding, and defining categories were performed by the qualitative content analysis recommended by the Landman and Graneheim approach.RESULTS:Based on the experience of study participants, two main themes with six categories developed. The main themes included emotion-based management and problem-based management when confronting with incidence scene.CONCLUSION:The main problems of EPHP in confronting with incidence and disasters scenes are psychological distress which some rescuers have emotional reactions while some others who are more resilience and experience manage this problem in the form of problem-based approach. It is recommended these practical strategies to be taught to less experienced rescuers for avoiding emotional-based reactions and better management of disaster scene.

ПОВІТРЯНИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ ЯК ОБ'ЄКТ СУСПІЛЬНО-ГЕОГРАФІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

The purpose of the study is to consider the socio-geographical principles of air transport research, to determine the role of air transport geography in the system of geographical science, to define the object and subject of air transport geography, to determine the indicators of socio-geographical analysis of air transport. Method. Transport development has led to scientists' collaboration in different specialties for studying this phenomenon that enables to determine the interdisciplinary nature of this research, as transport is studied by a number of scientific disciplines, such as economic, environmental, technical sciences, logistics, and, specifically, geography. The multidimensional nature of transport as a social and economic phenomenon has determined a problem-based approach to its scientific and applied research. In this case, in contrast to other disciplines, geography is primarily interested in the transport spatial dimension, namely the spatial features of transport interaction with the territory, nature, population and economy. Air transport geography is an important component of transport geography. Results. Air transport geography should be defined as a scientific unit of transport geography, which studies the territorial structure of air transport, transport corridors, patterns and features of location, the level of transportation of countries and groups of countries. Air transport geography is an important component of transport geography, its scientific unit, with a specific object and subject of research, the main directions and indicators for socio-geographical analysis of world and national air transport. The indicators for such analysis are the following: geography of air corridors and network of air transport routes; world airport network; main aviation passenger flows and their dynamics; passenger traffic in comparison with other means of transport and their dynamics in recent years. Scientific novelty. Improving the theoretical, methodological and methodical apparatus of transport geography in general (improving the classification of means of transport) and its component - air transport geography in particular, expanding their subject and object sphere and conducting applied research on an updated basis. Practical value. The main practical value of research on air transport geography is considered the development of plans and recommendations for improving the location of production and resettlement in terms of minimizing transport costs, optimizing air traffic flows within existing territorial transport systems, development of air transport systems at all levels.

A Systematic Study on Role of Big Data in Education

The role of big data has changed the entire world considering into account the way of functioning and delivering quality of services to stakeholders. One of the serviced industries which have witnessed drastic changes is the Education sector. The Educational institutions starting from the kinder garden, lower primary, upper primary, high school, and higher educational institutions including institutions that started with online education which improved drastically compared to its counterpart offline education in terms of collecting, storing, processing, and delivering contents readily and effectively without restrictions time, place or geographical locations. This research article emphasizes the role of big data in the education sector. The exponential growth of this data will lead to the study and provision of techniques needed to deal with the importance and knowledge of this data. In recent year’s changes in Big Data Architecture, Big Data Analytics, and Big Data Technologies helped extensive usage of big data for decision making. Therefore the development of the problem-based approach and open research problems gives researchers a new horizon.

The Use of Audiobooks in Developing Seventh-Grade Students' Reading Skills (A Case Study for EFL Students)

The research was conducted to develop students’ reading skills by using an English story with Audiobooks. It seemed that the teachers could overcome if they were proficient in utilizing the internet and computer applications in the students’ learning process because the students enjoyed the gedgets. In a sense, teachers should integrate supportive technology, problem-based approaches, and higher-order thinking skills. Based on these problems, the researcher was interested in developing students’ reading skills by using Audiobooks apps. Moreover, the research investigated that students could significantly develop their reading skills by reading English stories with Audiobooks apps. It aimed to investigate the students’ reading skills could significantly be developing by reading English stories with the Audiobooks app. The research applied a case study as the qualitative research method. The participants were three students from seventh-grade students. The researchers collected and analyzed the data from observations, tests, and interviews. Based on the finding and discussion, it can be concluded that the participants have achieved and exceeded in Standard Minimum Score (KKM). Besides, the students are enthusiastic and comfortable reading English stories with Audiobooks application in the learning process.

Climate change-oriented design: Living on the water. A new approach to architectural design

The paper deals with the digital architecture concept which is trying to introduce a new spatial language into the con-text of water urbanism, using nature as a model, measure and mentor. The first part analyses Biomimetics with its design strategies and methods. The Problem-Based Approach (designers look to nature for solutions) and the Solution-Based Ap-proach (biological knowledge influences human design) are defined here. In the second part of the research, the authors present selected examples to the topic. This case study has demonstrated that a new approach to architectural design is emerging. This approach redefines the process of architectural design, understood not as the traditional shaping of the ob-ject's form, but as a compilation of various factors resulting from changeable climate characteristics and ecology. The con-clusions emphasize that not only the contemporary understanding of ecology should be changed, but also the way architects approach the built environment, especially in the aquatic environment.

Cutting-Edge Technology for Rapid Bedside Assessment of Capillary Refill Time for Early Diagnosis and Resuscitation of Sepsis.

Sepsis currently affects over 30 million people globally with a mortality rate of ~30%. Prompt Emergency Department diagnosis and initiation of resuscitation improves outcomes; data has found an 8% increase in mortality for every hour delay in diagnosis. Once sepsis is recognized, the current Surviving Sepsis Guidelines for adult patients mandate the initiation of antibiotics within 3 h of emergency department triage as well as 30 milliliters per kilogram of intravenous fluids. While these are important parameters to follow, many emergency departments fail to meet these goals for a variety of reasons including turnaround on blood tests such as the serum lactate that may be delayed or require expensive laboratory equipment. However, patients routinely have vital signs assessed and measured in triage within 30 min of presentation. This creates a unique opportunity for implementation point for cutting-edge technology to significantly reduce the time to diagnosis of potentially septic patients allowing for earlier initiation of treatment. In addition to the practical and clinical difficulties with early diagnosis of sepsis, recent clinical trials have shown higher morbidity and mortality when septic patients are over-resuscitated. Technology allowing more real time monitoring of a patient's physiologic responses to resuscitation may allow for more individualized care in emergency department and critical care settings. One such measure at the bedside is capillary refill. This has shown favor in the ability to differentiate subsets of patients who may or may not need resuscitation and interpreting blood values more accurately (1, 2). This is a well-recognized measure of distal perfusion that has been correlated to sepsis outcomes. This physical exam finding is performed routinely, however, there is significant variability in the measurement based on who is performing it. Therefore, technology allowing rapid, objective, non-invasive measurement of capillary refill could improve sepsis recognition compared to algorithms that require lab tests included lactate or white blood count. This manuscript will discuss the broad application of capillary refill to resuscitation care and sepsis in particular for adult patients but much can be applied to pediatrics as well. The authors will then introduce a new technology that has been developed through a problem-based innovation approach to allow clinicians rapid assessment of end-organ perfusion at the bedside or emergency department triage and be incorporated into the electronic medical record. Future applications for identifying patient decompensation in the prehospital and home environment will also be discussed. This new technology has 3 significant advantages: [1] the use of reflected light technology for capillary refill assessment to provide deeper tissue penetration with less signal-to-noise ratio than transmitted infrared light, [2] the ability to significantly improve clinical outcomes without large changes to clinical workflow or provider practice, and [3] it can be used by individuals with minimal training and even in low resource settings to increase the utility of this technology. It should be noted that this perspective focuses on the utility of capillary refill for sepsis care, but it could be considered the next standard of care vital sign for assessment of end-organ perfusion. The ultimate goal for this sensor is to integrate it into existing monitors within the healthcare system.

TPACK’s pedagogy and the gradual release of responsibility model coalesce: integrating technology into literacy teacher preparation

This study explored how the pedagogical knowledge construct of TPACK and a scaffolded use of the gradual release of responsibility framework helped preservice teachers design literacy instruction with the iPad. This qualitative study used an interpretivist approach and case study design to closely examine each participant’s (n = 38) experience to use the iPad to plan instruction. Data were triangulated with observation logs, individual surveys, and lesson artifacts. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: Teacher in Control pedagogical approach raised preservice teachers’ concerns about instructional planning; Teacher as Facilitator pedagogical approach led to increased user confidence and exploration; Problem-based Learning pedagogical approach led to in-depth design of comprehensive lessons for individualized student populations. Other teacher educators can adopt this approach when introducing students to technology.

Inspired by Nature: The Sun and Shadow Pavilion, Social Integration and Energy Saving in the Built Environment

The paper deals with the socially inclusive and energy-saving architectural forms in urban space. These forms are treated as an ecological event (eco-event) per analogies to Bernard Tschumi’s concept “event city”. According to this concept essence of space is to animate movement and actions, which strengthens the social and ecological or political dimension of architecture. In this way, an architectural object is a discourse on spaces and events that take place in it. The aim of the research is to present the possibility of using architectural forms as eco-events in the process of improving space quality and the microclimate prevailing in it. The aim of the research is to present the possibility of using architectural forms as eco-events in the process of improving space quality in the built environment. The first part describes the meaning of the term “eco-event” and provides selected examples in public space. This part analyses Biomimetics with its design strategies and methods. The Problem-Based Approach (designers look to nature for solutions) and the Solution-Based Approach (biological knowledge influences human design) are defined here. The second part presents the results of the research programme undertaken at West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin by the authors of this research paper. The programme is focused on adaptive built environments and envisions new solutions based on advanced digital technology. The presented research is going to find ways to create the Nature-inspired architectural object (eco-event) for public use. This research study has resulted in a proposal for a solar-active pavilion as a discourse on the built environment and energy-efficient design principles. This study and design also highlight the problem of the modulation of micro-environmental conditions within an emergent macro-environmental system.

Developing Critical Thinking Ability In Students On The Basis Of Problem Approach (On The Example Of The Subject "Civil Society")

This article discusses the development of students' critical thinking skills and its consequences on the basis of a problem-based approach on the example of the subject "Civil Society" in the universities of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Innovative education approaches by geriatric pharmacists and their training needs: A systematic review

Purpose: To undertake a systematic review designed to observe the educational activities carried out by geriatric pharmacists innovatively, and also to ascertain their training needs.Methods: Articles were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: published in the years 2000 - 2019, designed as a randomized controlled trial (RCT), published in English language, contained educational activities carried out by pharmacists, and contained training requirements for pharmacists. The exclusion criteria were as follows: did not mention educational activities, only examined and assessed economic aspects, and used qualitative studies. This study analyzed nine articles from PUBMED, Scopus and Google Scholar that met the inclusion criteria.Results: Comprehensive education consisting of approaches such as interviews, discussions, case conferences, demonstrations, and goal-setting techniques provided innovations to medication review and pharmaceutical care plans. Seminar and e-learning were approaches to innovative problem-based education. Pharmacists needed training on medication review, education techniques for geriatrics, clinical collaboration, and geriatric pharmacotherapy.Conclusion: Pharmacist chose comprehensive and problem-based education approaches innovatively which require training in treatment management as well as professional relationship skills as educators, and based on the perspective of elderly needs.
 Keywords: Geriatric, Pharmacist, Education, Training, Innovative approaches

Abstract 302: First of It's Kind Capillary Refill Monitoring Device to Guide Resuscitation

Background: Capillary refill is an early reflection of decreased end organ perfusion resulting in shunt of blood from the extremities to vital organs. Physicians rate this as the most important factor to guide therapeutic resuscitation efforts. However, literature shows that providers have significant variability in their bedside measurement of capillary refill. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel technology to detect capillary refill in a noninvasive and rapid manner through an iterative, problem-based innovation approach. Methods: This was a prospective study at a level 1 tertiary care hospital of patients presenting to an emergency department. The research team used in a new technology that utilizes light transmission and pressure to objectively quantify extremity capillary refill time. This measurement was compared to manual refill time performed by a trained study provider. Results: Through an iterative approach the team developed a platform technology and enrolled 63 subjects in this prospective trial. 9 subjects had inadequate data and so the final cohort consisted of 54 subjects with both manual capillary refill time and the new novel technology measurement. The device measured capillary refill time showed a high degree of correlation to manual estimate of capillary refill time with a Pearson coefficient of 0.7. Conclusions: Novel technology to measure capillary refill time can significantly improve the treatment and care of multiple medical conditions that rely on timely diagnosis and initiation of resuscitation in the emergency department and other care settings. This study shows a modest correlation of technology with automated signal processing algorithms for noninvasive measurement of capillary refill. Integration of this technology into standard hospital monitors has broad applicability to make capillary refill a standard vital sign.

Knapsack problem-based control approach for traffic signal management at urban intersections: Increasing smooth traffic flows and reducing environmental impact

Urbanism development makes cities more congested and then more polluted. Hence, the primary factor that influences the urban environment directly is traffic flow. Therefore, this complex system requires efficient control methods to reduce its impact at urban zones, in particular for traffic light within intersections. In this paper, a dynamic control strategy of traffic signal at urban intersections is proposed. This strategy is based on Knapsack-problem and enables to manage the green light duration autonomously following the queue length for each road lane. The dynamic behavior of this system is considered as a discrete event system. Consequently, a modular Timed Synchronized Petri Net (TSPN) model is developed. Depending on real-time communication, the TSPN modules represent the ”slaves”, and the responsive controller represents the ”master” that manage optimally the vehicles evacuation at the intersection. Moreover, for the system dependability, some interesting properties of the system are checked through the developed Petri net model. SUMO based simulations are performed and analyzed to validate the proposed approach. Through the performed simulations and the analysis of the proposed dynamic control approach and findings show the efficiency of our control policy about smooth traffic increasing and environmental impact reducing.

WITHDRAWN: Video teaching of computer web design course based on FPGA and sobel algorithm

A general-purpose programmable logic device that allows Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to be manufactured on-chip from simple logic gate operations, or a Sobel algorithm complex system implementation is done by the customer after configuration. All tools are appropriate for the learning process, which can be accessed or downloaded from all over the world with the use of the Internet. Video materials provide computer courses web design concept, based on the potential problems, and also provide a special auxiliary FPGA, the teaching, problem-based approach which is much easier. Therefore, the purpose of the system is to provide intuitive tools, web design courses, understand the Sobel algorithm test before major physical system real-time video processing algorithms, and the creation and practical implementation based on video quality. The purpose is also to prove the potential purpose of developing FPGA-based systems and Sobel algorithms. Video teaching is a procedure of hiding the message into video in such a way that no one can detect its presence. In proposed work, sobel algorithm namely random scan and edge detection is used for hiding the data into video. The development of practical examples of video lessons and reasons to support real-time video processing has been proposed. It re-programmes the FPGA, allowing you not only to verify integrity of the design itself but also the establishment of an early prototype sub-circuits using the same development board.

Teaching Our Town Through a Dramaturgical Lens

Abstract This article establishes the dramaturgical process as a means of teaching dramatic content in the secondary classroom with a specific focus on Thornton Wilder's Our Town as the core text. By utilizing a problem-based approach, students work through the dramaturgical process while reading and analyzing the play. Facets of the dramaturgical process are facilitated by students' use of self-scheduled activities and digital resources including a unit website to research past performances of the play, analyze primary sources, and make contemporary connections. The end goal of the unit is for students to create their own dramatic content.

Reflections on integrating the political into environmental education through problem-based learning and political ecology

This paper reflects on an undergraduate module at the University of Exeter (2018–2019) trialing a problem-based learning approach to the political ecologies of land. It found that this approach offers significant value for teaching and learning complex socio-ecological interdisciplinarity and instilling in learners a deep and reflective sense of the political in all considerations of land and nature. Team-based co-production of ‘solutions’ to ‘problems’ imbued learners with a sense of personal agency, though many found problem-based approaches an unfamiliar and challenging approach to path dependent modes of teaching and learning. The principal contribution is to show how problem-based pedagogies have the potential to empower learners as change agents, to better engage with socio-ecological complexity, and gain greater insights into the deep political in conceptions of nature. It offers environmental educators a pathway for replication of this approach, and for introducing learners to problem-based pedagogies for a political ecology of education. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2020.1825919.

Prerequisites and features of rural green tourism development in Lviv region

Ukraine is a country that occupies one of the most advantageous locations in Europe. The development of tourism in Ukraine will lead to an increase in tourist interest in Ukraine, to accelerate economic growth, support employment, structural modernization of the economy, filling the budgets of all levels. The strategic goal of tourism in our country is to create a competitive tourism product that can worthily occupy its niche in the world market. In the field of tourism in Ukraine, a new term “rural green tourism” has appeared, the development of which is progressing every year. Lviv region is one of those regions that has all the potential for the development of rural green tourism. The article presents the results of the analysis of green tourism in Ukraine and in the western region, strategic directions of development of the tourist sphere of Lviv region. The paper uses general and special methods for research and organization of green tourism: monographic, historical, abstraction and generalization, analysis, synthesis and comparison, system-structural analysis, problem-based approach, the study of statistics. The tourist resources of Lviv region that are used effectively are analyzed. The main directions of development of the tourism industry of Lviv region are identified, which has a significant potential, the rational use of which necessitates the attraction of innovative developments and investments. The development of tourism in the region requires a combination of numerous factors, namely: the availability of places of interest, the possibility of transport and infrastructure, safety of tourists and protection of their rights and more.