Problem-based Approach Research Articles

A problem-based approach to the advancement of heuristics for socio-technical evaluation

ABSTRACT With ubiquitous, mobile computing, health care systems, and smart factories, socio-technical phenomena continue to emerge that challenge traditional design and evaluation methods. We perceive such phenomena as the intertwinement of technical artifacts and social practices. Previous work shows that there is no sufficient method to evaluate the quality of this socio-technical intertwinement. Hence, our goal was to develop socio-technical heuristics, in short ST-heuristics, that can be applied by individuals to detect issues. Drawing inspiration from the success of usability heuristics in the field of human–computer interaction, we first applied a literature review to develop an initial set of ST-heuristics derived from six domains comprising groupware/computer-support cooperative work, job design, usability, socio-technical design principles, privacy, and process design. We then conducted two studies to evaluate and improve this set using empirical data from 13 cases from health care, industry, and engineering education fields. In total, we analysed 306 problems. The results substantiate a final set of eight ST-heuristics which allow for evaluating the socio-technical intertwinement in situ. We perceive the contribution of this work as a starting point for evaluators to uncover crucial issues and to improve current practice. We discuss the developed set of ST-heuristics within existing literature.

Harvesting Daylight in High-rise Office Buildings Using Phyllotaxis Model

Various researches have introduced methods to use daylight in office buildings in the Middle Eas‌t zone, but none of them have ever considered the use of plant leaf arrangement, called phyllotaxis, as a comprehensive solution for harves‌ting daylight. The idea of the Phyllotaxis Tower has been raised for several years but the main ques‌tion of this research is whether using the phyllotaxis model is capable of exploiting daylight in high-rise buildings or not. So, in response to this ques‌tion, the main aim of the research was set to evaluate daylight efficiency in high-rise office buildings by presenting an exemplary and phyllotaxis-inspired design. The research method is encompassed several s‌teps including, s‌tudying the literature on the subject firs‌tly, then modeling a prototype building based on the Biomimicry Problem-Based approach, and eventually computer simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed building. The results show that office units can get daylight illuminance of 500 lux at 50% of operating time per year in addition to proper performance on four single days of different seasons of the year. Furthermore, the sample building obtained label B of energy consumption from S‌tandard No. 14254 presented by the Ins‌titute of S‌tandards and Indus‌trial Research of Iran, which has been compared with the energy label of 45 office buildings in the same location and same climate conditions, based on the figures are defined on the aforementioned s‌tandard and has the bes‌t performance among them.

Design Thinking as a Tool for Participatory and Transformative Translator Education

This article outlines the main tenets and the working cycle of Design Thinking, which is a problem-solving methodology. We argue that this methodology helps train qualities and skills that are particularly beneficial for students of translator education programmes. We recommend Design Thinking for translation teachers who subscribe to post-positivist, constructivist and other problem-based, participatory and collaborative educational approaches. The latter part of the article presents examples of classroom activities developed with the use of Design Thinking methodology. The activities focus mostly on communicative interactions between participants, since we believe that the major advantage of Design Thinking for the translation classroom is that it offers a structured scaffolding to improve classroom communication.

A problem-based approach in musculoskeletal ultrasonography: heel pain in adults.

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) has unique advantages, such as excellent spatial resolution for superficial structures, the capability for dynamic imaging, and the ability for direct correlation and provocation of symptoms. For these reasons, US is increasingly used to evaluate problems in small joints, such as the foot and ankle. However, it is almost impossible to evaluate every anatomic structure within a limited time. Therefore, US examinations can be faster and more efficient if radiologists know where to look and image patients with typical symptoms. In this review, common etiologies of heel pain are discussed in a problem-based manner. Knowing the common pain sources and being familiar with their US findings will help radiologists to perform accurate and effective US examinations.

Utilization of problem-based instructional approach in teaching permutation towards the development of a web-based self-instructional material (WEB-SIM)

Utilization of problem-based instructional approach in teaching permutation towards the development of a web-based self-instructional material (WEB-SIM)

Visual Rhetoric in the Design Process Based on Local Wisdom

The visual perspective of rhetoric is relatively new in the discipline of rhetoric. Perspective knowledge has begun to be generated about how visual images operate symbolically, although there is not a coherent theory. The key to a rhetorical perspective on the image is that the rhetorical perspective focuses on the rhetorical response of the image rather than on aesthetics. Visual rhetoric as perspective is not a theory with construction and axoms depicting certain rhetorical components of an image; but it also does not consist of some type of content or image knowledge. The development of communication technology is currently growing very rapidly. This development has also affected the media industry, which is required to adapt to the development of communication technology. Technology that occurred in the industrial era 4.0 interfered in various forms of media, especially in the information media. The new paradigm of conventional things is happening with a shift in meaning towards the media. This research used a problem-based approach and qualitative research methods to solve this problem. Local wisdom is a distinctive essence that can characterize design work. In design development in Indonesia, there is disruption in design, especially in design style. The design style that occurs in Indonesia today is heavily influenced by external design style. This is due to the disruption of the 4.0 era that provides information globally.
 Keywords: visual rhetoric, local wisdom, design, distraction

Assessment of Quality of Postoperative Recovery among Postoperative Patients in Selected Hospital

Background: In the hospital setting perioperative care is needed to revise or refine the illness and to improve the life status of the affected individual that can be determined by quality of recovery. The quality of recovery deals with individual needs and problems which has to be fulfilled during perioperative period. Aim: This study was aimed to assess the existing quality of postoperative recovery among postoperative patients and to find out the association of the level of quality of postoperative recovery with selected demographic variables. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among postoperative patients in selected hospital Pondicherry. Sample size was 120, selected through purposive sampling. The quantitative approach and descriptive design were adopted in this present study. Data collected by using modified rating scale questionnaire with related demographic profile of the subjects, ASA classification, present surgical data and quality of recovery (15-point questionnaire). Result: The results predicated among 120 samples by following the quality of postoperative tool which indicates 75 % (62.5%) patients had good recovery with fulfillment of needs and 73 (60.83%) with reduced signs and symptoms of patients after surgery. There was a significant association of gender, ASA classification and type of anesthesia with needs basic approach and problem-based approach questions 1 to 15 at the level of p<0.05 is significantly (chi-square test). Conclusion: The study results shows that quality of recovery is most of the subjects had good recovery among the post-operative and less subjects developed post-operative infections after their surgery with their demographic variables association. The post-operative care can be recommended in clinical practice which helps for improvement of the postoperative recovery among the post-operative patients.

Pedagogical workshops and the problem-based approach as interdisciplinary strategy: an experience in higher education

Contemporary teacher training education reflects the specter of an education that today is guided by the demands placed in the context of a globalized economy. The logic of teaching in higher education curricula is still found, often guided by obsolete pedagogical practices. As the current paradigms are sometimes not enough to think about formation, it is necessary to analyze through another bias. Therefore, one should reflect not only on the prism of the theoretical contributions offered by scientific and technological knowledge; but in a way that also encompasses contributions from other fields such as Pedagogy, Sociology and Philosophy. With this perspective in mind, the research presents a structured teaching experience in the Problem Based Approach (PBA) and in the use of Pedagogical Workshops. The investigation took place at the Bahia State University (UNEB- Brazil) in the Pedagogy Course. The objectives were: 1) the proposition of learning situations that promote the active participation of students in solving real and everyday problems; 2) the combination of individual and group work; 3) the discussion of contents and how to approach them in an interdisciplinary way; and 4) arouse interest in attitudes of investigation, action, reflection, appreciation, and evaluation. The work portrays an experience analysis based on qualitative methods and uses as data collection the records in class diaries and the application of open questionnaires.

Promoting intercultural competence in study abroad students

Universities have been promoting study abroad programmes for a long time to improve intercultural competence. However, the mere exposure to cultural differences while studying abroad does not ensure intercultural competence, unless study abroad students’ reflective processes are explicitly targeted. The article presents the results of a short intervention grounded in the problem-based approach aimed at improving intercultural competence in study abroad students. Students were assigned to three conditions: a video-log condition (in which they have to narrate a critical incident occurred to them), a reflection-induced video-logs (in which they were prompted to reflect on the video-logs produced), and an active control condition. The reflection-induced video-log intervention improved students’ perceived proficiency in Italian and perceived opportunities for cultural reflection, but it did not contribute to improve students’ applicable and conceptual knowledge of intercultural competence.

Solidarity Today: A Problem-Based Approach

This chapter aims at establishing a problem-based approach to solidarity by describing its main characteristics and by testing its effectiveness in light of three pivotal issues today: immigration, the future of work, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The central assumption of this approach is that solidarity as a concept and practice, in order to be considered a political desideratum, must be able to tackle today’s justice problems and asymmetries, including the aforementioned issues. In order to show the advantages of a problem-based approach, this chapter analyses the complex bond between solidarity and justice as well as the models of solidarity that have been developed in contemporary moral and political philosophy. Rather than being a substitute for such models, the suggested approach aspires to strengthen existing definitions and theories of solidarity by focusing on concrete historical scenarios in which the principle of solidarity arises.

Using a problem-based approach to improve the professional readiness of students of physical and mathematical specialties

The use of a problem-based approach in the preparation of students of physical and mathematical specialties allows them to acquire new skills, abilities and knowledge in the process of learning by solving various professional problems. This requires the use of various available information resources.Problem-oriented training provides an opportunity to acquire the skills of information retrieval and creative problem solving. During problem-oriented training, students have the opportunity to acquire the skills of teamwork and search for non-standard ways to solve problematic issues. Professional readiness is an integral indicator of the quality of training of a specialist and the level of skill in accordance with the requirements that his professional activity puts forward. Problem-oriented learning encourages students to search for the required information from various sources. In addition, the information sought can be interdisciplinary. Problem-oriented training contributes to the improvement of professional readiness of students of physical and mathematical specialties.

The Analysis of Learning Outcomes through Problem-Based Learning Model Approach On Circle Materials

Students still consider mathematics learning in school difficult. One of the factors causing this difficulty is because mathematics material is dominated by abstract material. The purpose of this research is: to determine the completeness of student learning outcomes through the application of the Problem Based Instruction Model. The selection of a learning model plays a large enough role to achieve educational goals. For that, we need a learning model that is able to increase student interest, motivation and learning outcomes. One learning model that can be used is Problem Based Instruction which emphasizes student activity. Problems in the learning process are directed to those related to everyday life so that students can immediately understand them. The population in this study were all students of class VIII totaling 50 students. The sample in this study were students of class VIII-2 SMP Negeri 14 Banda Aceh, as many as 25 students. This study used a Quasi-experimental approach with a one-shot case study design with quantitative research. Data collection was carried out using test instruments. The data processing technique is to use the t-test. The results showed that student learning outcomes in the material tangent to the inner and outer partnership of two circles of class VIII SMP Negeri 14 Banda Aceh achieved student learning completeness according to the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) set by SMP Negeri 14 Banda Aceh.

The problem-based learning (PBL) of biology for promoting health literacy in secondary school students

ABSTRACT Schools provide conducive environments for disseminating messages on health by implementing appropriate learning approaches and subjects such as biology in the curriculum. For instance, problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centred approach commonly applied in the field of education. However, its implementation to improve the health literacy of secondary school students is a challenge. This study analyzes the perceptions of problem-based learning and its influence on health literacy in secondary school students. Lessons in biology are chosen as a platform for health literacy development since they cover topics related to disease and health. Quasi-experimental studies show that problem-based learning improves biological knowledge and health literacy. This study shows that students’ perceptions of the problem-based approach were empirically related to increased health literacy. These results provided the empirical and theoretical background for the application of problem-based learning in biology classes.

Alignment of standards through semantic tools – The case of land administration

The fact that both the ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) and the OGC 15–111r1 Land and Infrastructure Conceptual Model Standard (LandInfra) exist within the domain of Land Administration, calls for a mediating platform, which could support an alignment of the standards. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate, how semantic tools have been used to establish such platform.Semantic tools include thesauri. The Cadastre and Land Administration Thesaurus (CaLAThe) was issued in 2011 and based on the then draft version of the ISO LADM standard. CaLAThe was further developed to include also terms of the OGC LandInfra standard of 2016. The recent version (December 2019) integrates code list names and values, reflecting both the relevant Survey and Land division parts of LandInfra and, as proof of concept, some of the code lists mentioned in the Annex J Code lists of LADM. CaLAThe thus constitutes a shared universe of discourse, a frame for joint management of the code lists of the mentioned standards.Taking a problem-based approach to the design of artefacts like standards, the mentioned alignment of standards is part of a problem hierarchy. In this hierarchy, development of information standards provides a means for improving public administration, more specifically its aspects of e-government and interoperability. These aspects have spurred interest in semantic tools; for example, standardization organizations have recently publicized their terminological resources in terms of the ISO/TC211 Geolexica glossary and the OGC Definitions Server. The definitions of CaLAThe and the mentioned code lists are by December 2019 included into the OGC Definitions Server. Besides servicing the Land Administration communities, CaLAThe illustrates the use of thesauri as a cross-domain means for supporting the alignment of standards.

The Roads to Understand «The Road to Serfdom» (Reflection on Biography of Friedrich Hayek and His Ideas)

The article refers to the famous economist Friedrich Hayek, whose 120-th birthday anniversary year before last was barely noticed. It should be mentioned that in the 1990-s, when liberal ideas were popular, he was considered to be one of the most outstanding economists of the 20th century. But nowadays the ideas of Hayek are presented more likely for exhibiting extreme liberal approaches rather than for their relevant practical application. The research gives an insight into his biography, which includes the description of similar highs and lows in his popularity during his lifetime. In 1944 after the book «The Road to Serfdom» was published, as well as in 1974 after winning the Nobel Prize, he was at the highest of his fame unlike the period of the1950-s and 1960-s when his views were barely demanded. There is a number of other strange issues in his personal biography as well as in the development of his ideas. As the representative of fourth generation of the Austrian School, he witnessed how this scientific school completely emigrated from Austria. Although he is regarded to be a distinguished economist, political analysts and philosophers refer to his ideas almost more frequently than economists. The authors of the present article proposed a problem-based approach to be used for understanding Hayek’s biography and his ideas. This included not only identifying the oddities in evolution of Hayek’s ideas and of the Austrian School as a whole, but also providing the rationale for them, which was based on highlighting the relationship between development of doctrinal economic ideas and «the spirit of the age». Special emphasis in the research was placed on explaining the historical background of the most famous work of Friedrich Hayek «The Road to Serfdom». The article was produced by the editors of joint monograph «The Road to Hayek» (Moscow: KNORUS, 2021. — 224 p., which is being published), who were influenced by reflection on variety of approaches to Hayek’s ideas and their significance.

Sociology Study Development with Problem Based Learning Approach in Class XI Students at SMAN 1 Jakarta

This study aims to develop Sociology Subjects with Problem-Based Learning Approaches in Class XI Students at SMAN 1 Jakarta. This research is a type of research and development. The model used in this study is the Instructional Development Model (MPI). This research was conducted at SMAN1 Jakarta with the research subject, namely students of class XI IPS. The data were collected using interviews, instrument tests in the form of pre-test and post-test questions, and documentation. The results showed that from the expert test consisting of material, media and instructional design experts it can be stated that the learning design of Sociology Subjects with a problem-based learning model approach is feasible to use.

Indigenous Medicinal Plants and Practices in Cagraray Island: Resources for Culture-Based Lessons in Biology

The study aimed to develop culture-based lessons in Biology 9, integrating indigenous medicinal plants and practices in Cagraray Island. These developed lessons were designed incorporating features of research results, problem-based approach, active learning, and culture- or context-based teaching. The accounts from eight folk healers revealed the abundance of indigenous medicinal plants and practices for treating wounds, hypertension, anemia, cough and colds, and asthma. These illnesses were used as springboard for the development of five culture-based lessons with entry points in the K - 12 curriculum. Implemented to 45 Grade 9 learners for five consecutive days at Cawayan National High School, the culture-based lessons were found effective in developing learning outcomes like conceptual understanding, metacognition, science process skills, and cultural appreciation using quantitative data analysis ( p < .05). Qualitative data also supported these findings through Focus-Group Discussion (FGD), journal entries, interviews, and observations. Educational philosophy for culture-based learning revealed the need to incorporate hands-on activities producing concrete evidences for culture-based learning. In general, the study concluded with the potentiality of using indigenous medicine as resources for culture-based lessons in biology. For further study, it is recommended to design and develop more studies about local medicinal plants so they can be integrated, as well as multiple cultural facets, to culture-based lessons.

In search for shared content and design in supervision training: a syllabus analysis in Sweden

PurposePrevious research has pointed to a lack of studies concerning supervision training courses. Consequently, the literature has little to suggest, and the research field is underexplored, so questions around the content and design of supervision training courses remain unanswered and need to be addressed systematically. The main aim of the present study is to explore and map whether shared content and design exist in supervisor training courses across different vocations.Design/methodology/approachA syllabus analysis is used in order to investigate characteristic features in supervisor training courses related to the professions of dentist, doctor, psychologist, police officer and teacher.FindingsThe results point to the existence of shared content in the different courses, such as an emphasis on learning and supervision theories, feedback, ethics, assessment and communication. Furthermore, the results conclude similarities in design of the courses, such as a problem-based approach, seminars, lectures and homework. Thus, there are common theoretical approaches to important supervisory competences.Practical implicationsOur results intend to offer possibilities to learn from different professions when improving supervisor training courses but may also constitute a starting point for developing a shared model of interprofessional supervisor competences. Furthermore, the results may support possible cooperation in interprofessional courses. This could include arranging interprofessional courses, where one part is shared for participants from the included professions and another part is profession-specific.Originality/valueWe seek to contribute to the research field of supervision at workplaces with knowledge and ideas about how to learn from different professions when developing and improving supervisor training courses.

Student and faculty transformations from teaching wicked geography problems: a journey of transdisciplinary teaching between business and geography

ABSTRACT In this paper, the dissolution of the silos between geography and business faculty to form a teaching partnership with a common set of questions and goals and how that partnership changed their academic perspectives will be explored. Faculty deepened the challenges for students, re-thought pedagogical models, and re-thought grading and evaluation. Business provides a wide range of messy or “wicked” problems where many decisions are unclear or uncertain for the actors. Quantitative methods and GIS help in their own way and often leave different aspects of uncertainty on the table for students. Integrating geography and business in teaching and student research, and exploring some of the early “academic territoriality” that gave way to build experiences for students is discussed. This evolution of teaching methods within the partnership moved to a more problem-based approach that evolved to affect courses outside the partnership. These changes eventually led the faculty to develop Course-embedded Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) to pose messy, unstructured projects to students. Many of these projects resulted in external student conference presentations. Another outcome was a re-framing of grading and development of assessment that focuses on students engaging in the work. Finally, we identify the artificiality of our disciplinary divisions.

A Report on Technologies Used in Medical Informatics

Changed one thing to create it higher course software system Engineering has been place into use within the Medical science program. This consists of different parts: berth, clarification of why one thing works or the approach it will and project. All components area unit given in problem-oriented manner with special attention for clearly connected or connected skills like project management, work that proves or supports one thing and presentation throughout the berth, students watch conform however health care professionals at quite, however not loads of hospital wards work and the way info offer isorganized. Within the clarification of why one thing works or happens the approach it will half, students study concepts and strategies of software system engineering by means that of case descriptions and self-reliant learning. Throughout the project, they apply their got information to ans observed, medicine-based info drawback and complete quite, however not loads of stages of the software system engineering method. Evaluation by question or investigation showed that, compared to alternative courses, students spent longer, and distributed their time additional equally, throughout the complete amount of the course. At the side of clarification of why one thing works or happens the approach it will, a mixture of internship and project in a very hospital looks to supply a quite required worth compared to a practice in a very computer laboratory. The integration of software system clarification of why one thing works or happens the approach it will, medicine-based follow and problem-based approach, gave to the positive and high-energy, intensive and realistic approach students learned during this vital topic which may be chosen as a future line of labour.