Problem-based Approach Research Articles

Eco-Qurani for Children (Instilling Al-Qur'an Values about Environment to Children in Pegandon Karangdadap Village, Pekalongan)

Pegandon Village, Karangdadap District, Pekalongan, one of the areas affected by the Pemalang-Batang toll road. The project has many negative impacts on the communities around the village, including children. This village is also known as a village with vast rice fields and rivers in the area. Children are the environmental assets of the future that play a very important role in preserving natural resources. So, their understanding of the Qur'anic teachings about environment is the key to maintaining human relations with nature. With a good understanding, it fosters the sensitivity to be a creature for nature in future generations. This empowerment is intended to provide understanding and sensitivity of children, especially for students of Quranic Education Park (TPQ) and Madrasah Diniyah Bustanul Iman, Pegandon Karangdadap Village, Pekalongan. Empowerment is built with the assistance method with a contextual, cooperative and problem-based approach. Empowerment is presented through the introduction of verses that teach about the environment, including natural wealth, the prohibition of damaging the environment and the obligation to preserve it. The series of activities that have been carried out have positive implications for children of TPQ and Madrasah Diniyah Bustanul Iman because they have been able to understand and practice environmental verses as teachings to preserve the environment from damage and efforts to conserve it.

Coach Developers as ‘Facilitators of Learning’ in a Large-Scale Coach Education Programme: One Actor in a Complex System

The Canadian National Coaching Certification Program (NCCP) redesigned its coaching education programmes to utilise a learner-centred, problem-based approach. The purpose of this paper is to document the design, delivery, and subjective assessment of this large-scale coach education programme through the perspectives of the different actors, with a special focus on the coach developers (CDs) as an essential and important group within the coach education system. A constructivist view of learning, supported by the work of Jennifer Moon on the impact of short courses and workshops, guided this work. Part 1 of the results provides an overview of the studies conducted on the revised NCCP. Part 2 examines the perspectives of 26 CDs concerning their training and experiences delivering the redesigned NCCP. Conclusions include the importance of considering the cognitive structures of the CDs and coach learners; issues related to covering the module content versus addressing coaches’ learning needs; ensuring adequate time for questions and reflection to enable deep learning; specific training for CDs to support post-workshop learning; and the importance of taking a systems approach to coach development that considers all the actors involved in a national programme being delivered at the provincial/territorial or sport organisational level.

Green, Yellow, and Woody Biomass Supply-Chain Management: A Review

Various sources of biomass contribute significantly in energy production globally given a series of constraints in its primary production. Green biomass sources (such as perennial grasses), yellow biomass sources (such as crop residues), and woody biomass sources (such as willow) represent the three pillars in biomass production by crops. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive review on research studies targeted to advancements at biomass supply-chain management in connection to these three types of biomass sources. A framework that classifies the works in problem-based and methodology-based approaches was followed. Results show the use of modern technological means and tools in current management-related problems. From the review, it is evident that the presented up-to-date trends on biomass supply-chain management and the potential for future advanced approach applications play a crucial role on business and sustainability efficiency of biomass supply chain.

Purposeful SDM: A problem-based approach to caring for patients with shared decision making

ObjectivePatient involvement focused the growth of Shared Decision Making (SDM) in contemporary healthcare practice, research, and education. Whilst important, securing appropriate patient involvement or equipping patients to choose is not necessarily the principal purpose of SDM. The purpose of SDM like all medical decision making is to act well in response to a patient’s problem, broadly conceived. In which situations and how SDM addresses patient problems is unclear. We seek to develop a purposeful approach to SDM that is oriented to the kinds of problems that SDM might help resolve. MethodsThrough vignettes of the experience of a patient, Rachel we demonstrate different kinds of situations in which Rachel, her family, and clinicians need to make decisions together. ResultsDifferent methods of SDM are needed in situations of:•Uncertain harms and benefits.•Intra or interpersonal conflict.•Intellectual, practical, and emotional incoherence.•Existential transition. ConclusionSDM may be understood as a range of methods that vary substantially with patients’ situations and the purpose that they pursue. Practice ImplicationsClinicians struggle to adopt SDM when they do not see it as relevant to clinical work. Orienting SDM to the problems that patients and clinicians routinely face may further SDM adoption, education, and research.

Management of the sick neonate in the field

The sick foal provides a variety of challenges in ambulatory practice. A problem-based approach allows for the management of multifactorial conditions and the identification of those that require immediate hospitalisation. Diseases that present from birth include congenital abnormalities (atresia of the colon, cleft palate, ventricular septal defects), disorders acquired in-utero (meconium aspiration, pneumonia), those related to gestational age (prematurity and dysmaturity) and those associated with parturition (asphyxia, rib fractures). Disorders that develop in foals that were normal at birth include neonatal maladjustment, sepsis, meconium impactions, neonatal isoeyrthrolysis, bladder rupture, omphalophlebitis and musculoskeletal disorders. Protocols for diagnosis and management applicable to a field setting are described.

Improvement of Biology Learning Results Through the Application of Problem-Based Instruction Approach Oriented Think Pair Share Learning Model

This research is a Classroom Action Research with the application of Problem Based Instruction approach oriented Think Think Share learning models in the learning process. The subjects of this study were 40th-grade students of SMP Negeri 40 Makassar in the first semester of the 2018/2019 school year. The implementation of this research consisted of two cycles. The data collected was analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of the study note that in the first cycle has not reached the expected standard classical limitations, this can be seen from the final value which only reached an average of 61.50 with a percentage of completeness of 65%. While in the second cycle the final grades of students have increased. This can be seen with the increase in the average value of student learning outcomes which reached 73.50 with a percentage of completeness of 80%. Based on the results it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Instruction approach oriented to Think Pair Share learning models can improve learning outcomes in biology subjects in the eighth grade at SMP Negeri 40 Makassar

Practicing multiliteracies to enhance EFL learners’ meaning making process and language development: a multimodal Problem-based approach

Research has shown that a multiliteracies pedagogy creates more chance for students to meaningfully read and write to develop their critical perspective on cultural issues. This study experimented such a practice in an EFL college context applying a problem-based approach. Sophomore English majors were engaged in recursive reading and writing processes to relearn Taiwan through orchestrating the collected multimodal resources and creating a multimodal text so as to awaken the target audience’s interest. Findings from both corpus and qualitative analyses revealed that (1) students developed language richness in vocabulary use, sentential complexity, and overall expressive fluency through the practice and (2) the interactive and recursive reading-writing processes had a great impact on the design of the project with multimodal materials, which exerted intertextuality among texts and enhanced the quality of the final project. By supporting with a meticulous scaffolding mechanism, such a multiliteracies project indeed encouraged more autonomous learning among students who experienced a full authorship during the process and finally created works that were authentic and unique.

Between lecture and flipped: The use of “labs” in the public administration classroom

The use of applied labs has long been an established practice in the natural sciences as a means of stressing application of theoretical principles and fostering disciplinary excitement. The social sciences have seen an advent of similar problem-based approaches, but have not adopted a lab-based model. Labs offer an opportunity to use class time for purposes of application without moving fully to a flipped classroom model. This article presents the use of labs in three undergraduate public administration classes: Introduction to Public Administration, Research Design and Data Collection, and Statistics and Data Analysis. The labs are collaborative and feature both peer and instructor support. They utilized an established problem-based strategy to demonstrate the real-life applicability of academic topics ( Kolb, 1984 ; Kramer and Schechter, 2011 ). Data collected from 10 sections of the courses before and after implementation show increased student satisfaction and greater self-reported learning, though the effect on academic performance is more moderated.

The Application of Problem-based Learning Approach in English Grammar Instruction: A Pilot Study

The study incorporates the problem-based approach (PBL) in the English class with an attempt to improve English low achievers’ grammar competence pertaining to relative clauses and their motivation in learning English. Fifty students divided into seven teams with leader for each were recruited. This study adopts the pre- and post-test research design as well as classroom observation checklist and two assignments. The result indicates that the engagement level of the participants is increased by the scenario-based strategy and their grammar competence improves under PBL instruction after being compared with the scores of pretest and posttest, which suggests that the PBL approach really exerts a positive influence on the performance of the participant. The finding also implies that the participants emphasizes, when offering solutions to the scenario, more on employment than on studies, which may reflect their real life experiences.

Improving the soft skills of engineering undergraduates in Malaysia through problem-based approaches and e-learning applications

Purpose Various studies around the globe indicate lack of soft skills in engineering students, graduating from universities, although the bulk of studies in various disciplines indicate an improvement in various skills through implementation of a problem-based learning (PBL) approach. The purpose of this paper is therefore to identify and determine the effects of PBL in improving and developing soft skills, conflict resolution traits and aspects of enhancing group learning in undergraduates. Design/methodology/approach A study with mixed methods was used, involving questionnaire, observation and document analysis. A total of 57 students from different faculties participated in the semester-long study. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered at the beginning and end of the study. The researcher attended all the classes to observe systematically the teaching-learning process and its outcomes. Findings The findings revealed that PBL has a significant effect on improving students’ soft skills and enhancing group learning, including overcoming communication conflicts. Practical implications Practical implications of the study involve the enhancement of generic skills of the engineering graduates with the student-centered and interactive methodologies like PBL and e-learning applications. Originality/value This research endeavor stands unique due to its usage of e-learning tools in the PBL classroom learning such as Schoology, Padlet, videos, internet surfing. Another unique feature of this research is the holistic nature of the study, i.e. the measurement of a number of soft skills, traits and group learning skills that are not focused in other studies of engineering.

Stress Management in Patients with Breast Cancer Using a Supportive Approach: A systematic Review

Background: Stress is a reaction to physical, psychological and emotional events. Respective to other chronic diseases, breast cancer (BC) is a dire stressful situation greatly disheartening the patients. Therefore, patients with BC need long lasting physical and emotional support to cope with the stress. The purpose of this study was to systematic studies concerning with supportive stress management interventions in patients with BC.
 Methods: In this review, the literature search was performed in scientific databases including Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and Irandoc, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed [including Medline], and Elsevier. The keywords were retrieved from Medical Subject Headings (Mesh). The articles published from 1997 to 2017 were included. Accordingly, 440 articles were initially retrieved. After reading titles and abstracts, 152 articles were selected for reading full-texts. Finally, 54 articles including 3 books were used to structure the review.
 Results: All the included studies had an interventional design focusing on stress management approaches and their related covariates in women with BC. The findings were assessed regarding two distinct approaches. First, the studies assessing stress management interventions were scrutinized. Next, the impacts of the duration of the interventional sessions, the number of the participants and the contents of sessions were explored. Of the selected articles, 6 were about mindfulness, 2 about relaxation, and 7 about stress-related cognitive-behavioral therapy. In addition, one study was related to resilience training and 2 studies investigated problem-based approaches.
 Conclusion: Stress management interventions can be helpful in reducing stress in BC patients. Therefore, it is advisable to incorporate stress management strategies along with routine pharmaceutical therapies in these patients.

The American Student Placements in Rehabilitation Engineering Program (ASPIRE)

Background: American Student Placements and Internships in Rehabilitation Engineering is founded on the principal of sparking the interest in a new generation of rehabilitation engineering scientists to transform the lives of older adults and people with disabilities. Each year a minimum of 10 students were enrolled.Methods: The internship runs for 10 weeks and activities center on developing excitement about technology and engineering and understanding the principles and processes of conducting rehabilitation engineering research. This was accomplished by student participation in 1) rehabilitation engineering research projects; 2) educational research training, and 3) professional activities with clinical and engineering faculty, staff, and graduate students. Of the 162 participants, 53% were women and 47% men. 23% of participants were from minority or underrepresented groups, and 18% identified as having a disability.Results: From post-internship follow-up efforts, 65% of program participants went on to pursue or have graduated with advanced degrees, 27% of whom are engineers from underrepresented groups. Of those students that are working post-baccalaureate, 70% are engineers working in a biomedical/technology field. In the past 3 years, 92% of students stated that the program met or exceeded their expectations, while 100% of the 2018 group felt that their expectations were met.Conclusion: The American Student Placements and Internships in Rehabilitation Engineering program has demonstrated efficacy in preparing undergraduate students for future academic work and employment.Implications for RehabilitationCreative researchers and designers will lead the way in advancing accessibility standards and engineering for people with disabilities.The ASPIRE program increases excitement for and interest in the fields of rehabilitation engineering among undergraduate students to positively influence academic and professional careers.Students enrolled in the ASPIRE program actively participated in a real multidisciplinary project supervised by professor mentors. This led students to take a problem-based approach in their professional development.The ASPIRE program stimulates rehabilitation engineering in students’ mindset and promotes inclusive academic environments and communities.Rehabilitation engineering is not a mainstream discipline, but the ASPIRE program indicates that there are benefits to student education, including participatory action engineering, that need to continue gain momentum until rehabilitation engineering is a mainstream discipline or a core component of engineering education.We must move beyond a “survival of the fittest” mentality. A “survival of the fittest” model places a disproportionate burden on groups that are underrepresented in science and engineering, and thereby postpones the day on which the demographics of science and engineering are comparable to that of society as a whole.The ASPIRE program needs to be replicated at various institutions around the world.

A Traveling Salesman Problem-Based Approach to Observation Scheduling for Satellite Constellation

This paper addresses observation task scheduling of a heterogeneous satellite constellation in low-Earth-orbits. The goal of scheduling is to find a sequence and times for observing the ground objects to maximize the sum of values of the observed ground objects while satisfying all the constraints associated with complex mission specifications. The method develops an instance of the asymmetric traveling salesman problem (ATSP) for this scheduling, and solves the resulting ATSP using a well-established Lin–Kernighan–Helsgaun algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate the characteristics, efficiency, and scalability of the proposed scheduling approach, in particular, compared to the first-in first-out strategy-based greedy algorithm.

Модель формирования представления о своем характере у студентов-психологов

The paper discusses the novel model of psychology students’ character structure-identity formation. The purpose of this model is to provide realistic character structure-identity formation among students. The model implies the examination of psychology students’ personality traits and their character structure-identity, the identification of cognitive Self components differentiating various character structure-identities, the formation of cognitive Self components consistent with reality which differentiate various character structure-identities. The system, person-centered and activity-based, problem-based and reflexive approaches are applied to the research. The author identifies the psychological and educational environment for the model implementation, the scope of psychologists’ activities, and the expected result, i.e. the development of students’ ability to reflect and realize personality traits in communication and volitional acts.

Metode Problem Base Learning (PBL) dalam Peningkatan Pemahaman Fikih Kontemporer

method Problem Based Learning is one type of learning method based on cognitive psychology that assumes that learning is a process of changing behavior thanks to experience. Judging from the philosophical aspects of the function of the school as an arena or container to prepare students to be able to live in society, then this method is a possible and very important strategy to develop. Problem solving is seen as a process to find a combination of a number of rules that can be applied in an effort to overcome a new situation. So that this learning model as a way of presenting lesson material by making the problem as the starting point of the discussion to be analyzed and synthesized in an effort to find a solution to the problem being studied. Moreover, the use of the right method and approach will produce an understanding that can be tested to be used as a benchmark in conducting the next learning process, especially if using a problem-based approach in conducting a religious study by raising problems. At the same time, deliberation together in order to obtain answers to the problem with the classic books or the latest fatwas as a reference of the opinions put forward. In addition, the use of problem-based methods also has advantages over other types of learning methods, such as lecture and question and answer methods. Especially in solving various problems in the field of Masailul Fiqh or Bahtsul Masail.

Human factors, cognitive bias and the paramedic

The consequences of human factors and cognitive bias can be catastrophic if unrecognised. Errors can lead to loss of life because of the flawed nature of human cognition and the way we interact with our environment. Seemingly small mistakes or miscommunications can lead to negative outcomes for patients and clinicians alike. It is easy to see therefore why the College of Paramedics now recommends the teaching of human factors at higher education institutions. Using a problem-based approach, this article aims to inform prehospital clinicians about how human factors and cognitive bias can affect them and their practice, and how these can be mitigated.

The conception of language training of applicants for higher medical education (model 1 – the English-language mode of study)

The article is devoted to the conceptual development of the Ukrainian language training for foreigners who get the higher medical education in Ukraine. The tasks of Ukrainian language training of the non-native speakers who study in English have features determined by the specific communicative needs of this contingent. In order to identify such needs, the methodological approaches of the educational paradigm, which are relevant for the training of students who get higher medical education, are analyzed. At the methodological level of paradigm axiological (value), acmeological (professionally oriented), educational, strategic and problem-based approaches are outlined. Intercultural, communicative-cognitive, effective educational space approaches are distinguished at the socio-cultural level taking into account the level of proficiency in a foreign language. The task of the approaches of linguo-didactic level of the paradigm is the implementation of the above mentioned approaches in the application of methods and the creation of teaching resources, taking into account the metalinguistic, semiotic, polygraphic aspects of educational materials. The methods, the application of which in the process of language preparation ensures the realization of the communicative needs of non-native speakers, the main of which is the conscious-practical method, have been defined. To determine the communicative needs on the basis of the principle of frequency, the cataloging of communicative situations in the educational and professional sphere of communication relevant for educational migrants who receive medical education in English in the Ukrainian-speaking world is carried out. The current status of the methodological support of the educational process is described. The recommendations for optimizing the educational process organization based on the results of the study are summarized.

Проблемный подход в экономической географии: аналитический сюжет в связи со 100-летием со дня рождения профессора В.А.Витязевой

Проблемный подход в экономической географии: аналитический сюжет в связи со 100-летием со дня рождения профессора В.А.Витязевой

Formation of the Future Teacher’s Professional Competence: European Experience

The article clarifies the essence of the concepts of «сompetence» and «professional competence», determines the components of teacher’s professional competence: motivational (interest and motivation for future professional activity), cognitive (formed knowledge), operational (acquired skills and abilities) and personal-reflexive (ability to self-esteem, self-development and self- improvement). The author, on the basis of comparative analysis, shows the experience of forming the future teacher’s professional competence in leading countries such as: Germany, Denmark, Great Britain, France and others. The article outlines the peculiarities of the formation of the future teacher’s professional competence in determined countries. The interesting aspect in the formation of the future teacher’s professional competence in Germany is its information component, whose high level of evaluation is facilitated by the introduction of modern multimedia technologies in the educational process. The peculiarity of the Danish system of the future teachers’ professional competence formation is the availability of an additional vocational guidance level. So while forming the professional competence of a future teacher in the UK, considerable attention is paid to student’s research activities built on the humanization and democratization of the educational process in this country. The specificity of the future teachers’ professional competence formation in universities of France is that its most important component is the information and communication component. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the positive experience of the future teachers’ professional competence formation abroad is generalized; the recommendations on its introduction into the system of professional training in higher education institutions of Ukraine are worked out. The conclusion is made that the formation of the future teacher’s professional competence abroad will contribute to: the introduction of professional selection of applicants for teaching professions; exploiting the potential of non-formal education; an increase in the duration of teaching practice and the introduction of a mentoring system; inclusion of academic disciplines, that provide inclusive education, into the educational process; providing benefits to active teaching methods based on an interdisciplinary and problem-based approach; creating conditions for the exchange of experience of higher educational institutions with foreign educational institutions.

The Professionalization of Sports Coaching: A case study of a graduate soccer coaching education program

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the curriculum and delivery of a graduate soccer coaching education program in the United States in the context of increased professionalization of sports coaching. The research goal was to contribute to the growing literature on formal sports coach education in university settings. Documents, observations, and conversations with faculty served as the data sources, with the coding of themes as the main form of data analysis strategy. The program adopted a problem-based approach to learning and linked new knowledge to students’ specific coaching context. Each cohort functioned as a community of practice with coaches learning from each other through reflective practices. This study has shown that collaboration between a higher education institution and a national sport coaching organization can be productive in a blended (online-residential) environment. Using a professionalization lens, this paper discusses the need for university programs to focus on ethics in order to move the professionalization process along. A follow-up study is recommended to gain more in-depth knowledge of the students’ perspectives on their experiences.