Probiotic Feed Research Articles

Probiotic post feed restriction supplementation on realimentation performances, carcass characteristic, gut morphology and gut microbes of broiler chicken

Probiotic post feed restriction supplementation on realimentation performances, carcass characteristic, gut morphology and gut microbes of broiler chicken

IS-USG: INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM ULTRASONOGRAPHY Machine Learning Implementation for Recognition of Pregnant Sheep in Gumukmas Multifarm Jember

In 2023, the government's program related to food independence emphasizes the importance of meat independence, including goat meat. CV. Gumukmas Multi Farm Jember faces several challenges in managing pregnant sheep, such as early detection of pregnancy, preventing abortion, and managing sheep health history. Therefore, the Intelligence System Ultrasonography (IS-USG) system was developed to detect sheep pregnancy more accurately and integrate medical data with the help of machine learning. This system allows automatic monitoring of pregnancy conditions and fetal health, and recommends interventions such as probiotic feeding. IS-USG is implemented using a web and mobile-based client-server architecture, with Laravel and MySQL backends, and RESTful API integration for real-time data synchronization. Testing was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the system, and initial results showed that this system can improve sheep reproductive management, accelerate pregnancy detection, and minimize the risk of birth failure.

Effect of Lactobacillus Probiotic Supplement on Growth and Haematological Performance of Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita

The influence of probiotics bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus improves the survival, growth, and Hematological performance of the Indian major carp Rohu (Labeo rohita). After acclimation, a 60-day experimental study was conducted with four different types of treatments; namely, T1: Control, i.e. Basal feed without Probiotic supplements, T2: Basal feed with Aeromonas hydrophila, T3: Lactobacillus supplemented probiotic feed without Aeromonas hydrophila, and T4: Lactobacillus supplemented probiotic feed with A. hydrophila. After the experimental study, growth parameters were monitored through Weight gain, Specific growth rates, survival percentage, and haematological parameters including WBC, RBC, haemoglobin (Hb), and haematocrit (Hct) values of probiotics treated group (T3 and T4) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control and T2 group. The Present study indicated that the positive effects of the L. acidophilus probiotic supplement diet improved the survival, growth, and Haematological performance in aquaculture.

The Effect of Synbiotics and Probiotics on Ochratoxin Concentrations in Blood and Tissues, Health Status, and Gastrointestinal Function in Turkeys Fed Diets Contaminated with Ochratoxin A.

The aim of this study was to evaluate carcass quality and analyze gastrointestinal functional status, ochratoxin A (OTA) accumulation in tissues and organs, and the health status of turkeys fed diets contaminated with OTA and supplemented with synbiotic preparations in comparison with commercial probiotic feed additives. The research involved 120 female BIG 6 turkeys, divided into six treatment groups (five replicates, four birds per replicate). Wheat naturally contaminated with OTA (662.03 μg/kg) was used in turkey diets. Turkeys in group 1 received an OTA-contaminated diet without additives. Groups 2 and 3 received 0.4 g/kg of probiotic preparation BioPlus 2B or Cylactin. Groups 4, 5, and 6 received 0.5 g/kg of synbiotics S1, S2, or S3. The following parameters were monitored: growth performance, carcass quality, gastrointestinal tract structure and digesta pH, health status, and concentrations of OTA in the blood and tissues of turkeys. The study found no significant differences in the growth performance and carcass quality of turkey. However, the introduction of probiotics or synbiotics into OTA-contaminated feed mixtures resulted in a reduced pH of the digesta in certain sections of the turkey digestive tract (p < 0.05). Additionally, the tested synbiotic additives significantly reduced liver weight in turkeys at weeks 6 and 15 (p < 0.05). The addition of probiotic and synbiotic preparations based on lactic acid bacteria strains, inulin, and S. cerevisiae yeasts to OTA-contaminated diets in commercial turkey farming may improve health status (p < 0.05) and reduce mycotoxin accumulation in organs and tissues of poultry (p < 0.05).

The effect of the probiotic feed additive "Healthy calf" on the clinical and morphological parameters of the blood of calves with bronchopneumonia

The aim of the study was to establish the degree of influence of the feed additive "Healthy calf" on the normalization of clinical and morphological blood parameters, when it was introduced into the treatment regimen for bronchopneumonia in calves.The production experience was carried out in a farm that was safe for diseases of infectious etiology. The experiment involved 30 black-and-white calves aged 20 to 30 days, of which three groups were formed. The first (control) intact group (n=10) included clinically healthy animals. The second (n=10) and third (n=10) experimental groups included animals with a clinical manifestation of nonspecific catarrhal bronchopneumonia. The animals of the second and third groups were prescribed a treatment regimen based on antibacterial therapy. They were prescribed Streptomycin sulfate as an antimicrobial drug, at a dose of 10.0 mg / kg of body weight twice a day until full recovery. At the same time, during the entire experiment, as an addition to the above treatment regimen, animals of the third group were given oral probiotic supplement "Healthy Calf".Blood samples to determine the values of its main clinical and morphological parameters were taken at the beginning of the experiment, as well as on the seventh and 14th days of its conduct. Blood tests were performed using generally accepted techniques.It has been established that the use of probiotic feed additive "Healthy Calf" in addition to treatment regimens for catarrhal nonspecific bronchopneumonia can reduce the degree of anemia and the intensity of the inflammatory process.

Studying the application of a microbiological complex in sterbel growing

Abstract The main goal of the research is to establish the effect of the Bonaka-APK microbiological complex, which is a metabiotic for the management of fish autoflora and the comprehensive prevention of bacterial infections for fingerling sturgeon (sterbel). To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to establish the effect of Bonac-APK on fingerling sturgeon; establish the economic efficiency of its use for aquaculture. The study of the effect of the additive for growing aquaculture for yearling sturgeon fish (sterbel) was carried out with a fish weight of 130 g. The study showed that in an experiment on Sterbel the weight of fish at the end of rearing increased in experimental groups by 3.5-15.6%. The body length of fish in experimental groups increased by 1.1-2.2%. The survival rate of fish in all groups was 100%. Biochemical blood parameters of fish were within normal limits in both the control and experimental groups, which indicates that the probiotic feed additive Bonaka-APK does not have a harmful effect on the fish body. The level of lipid peroxidation increased, which indicates an increase in the antioxidant defense of the Sterbel body. The decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain compared to the control was 8.0-12.0% in experimental groups. It is recommended to use the microbiological complex Bonaka-APK in an amount of 0.4% by weight of the feed, which is a metabiotic for managing fish autoflora and complex prevention of bacterial infections for sturgeon fingerlings of the BONAKA Company.

КОМПЛЕКС КОРМОВЫХ ДОБАВОК В РАЦИОНАХ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ

To this date to achieve high indicators in poultry farming, the use of feed additives is relevant. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of firming of the probiotic and sorbents on the organoleptic indicators of poultry meat. Studies were conducted in the conditions of the Mikhailovskaya poultry farms of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, subject to all requirements for the methodology of scientific and production research on poultry feeding. Cross-Broilers Cross «Ross-308» were divided into four groups. The first group received full -time farming feed. The second group received compound feed with the addition of a “Sporotermine” probiotic. The third group - compound feeds with 0.1 % of the “Sporotermine” and bentonite 3.6 % of the mass of feed and the fourth - compound feed with the addition of a “Sporotermine” probiotic and active coal feed additive (ACFA). The tasting of the broth and meat was carried out on a 5-ballast scale. The overall assessment of the quality of the chest muscles of experimental groups varied with the control group-by 0.10-0.36 points. The quality of the broth, according to organoleptic, in the 3rd experimental group exceeded analogues from the control group - by 0.22 points. According to the indicators of the elementary chemical muscles the meat of chickens of 3 experimental groups which received a comprehensively both probiotic and sorbent, there was an increase in the content of CB in the chest muscles - by 0.72 %, protein - by 1.04 % reliably and against this background there is a decrease in the amount of fat - by 0.21 %.

Probiotic Feed Additives Mitigate Odor Emission in Cattle Farms through Microbial Community Changes

Probiotic Feed Additives Mitigate Odor Emission in Cattle Farms through Microbial Community Changes

Current Advances in the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Culture: A Review

ABSTRACTThe increasing high‐end market demand for the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon has brought tremendous industry opportunities. Although the industry has tried its best to increase production, according to the report data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), annual global production has shown no significant upward trend over the past decade. Besides that, newly implemented policies such as seafood safety and food security negatively impacted the industry and reduced production. However, P. monodon cultivation is still promising due to its larger body size and higher market acceptance as a premium product. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted to increase the production of P. monodon by optimizing its culture conditions, implementing new culture system, increasing disease resistance to disease such as WSSV, AHPND, WFD, implementation of pre‐ and probiotics in feed, and selective breeding programs to increase genetic diversity and population of P. monodon broodstock. This review provides an overview of the current advances in P. monodon broodstock cultivation, thereby providing an essential baseline for P. monodon aquaculture. Areas needing urgent research focus are also highlighted. Future research should take great strides and take into account the impact of future climate change scenario during P. monodon culture and optimization, and increase biosecurity measures to prevent its introduction as an alien species in wild settings.

Supplementation of lysine and probiotics in artificial feed based on local raw materials on feed quality and feed conversion ratio of bileh fish (Rasbora sp.)

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of lysine and probiotic supplementation in artificial feed based on local raw materials on feed quality and feed conversion ratio of bileh fish (Rasbora sp.). This research was carried out from August to September 2023 at the Hatchery and Laboratory of Systems and Technology and the Aquaculture Environment, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Teuku Umar University. In this study, bileh fish measuring 2 - 2.5 cm long were used as test fish. The experimental design used was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The level of treatment applied in feed formulation is feed based on local raw materials as a control (P0), feed based on local raw materials with 1.2% lysine supplementation (P1), 1.4% (P2), 1.6% (P3), 1.8 % (P4) and probiotics 15 ml/kg feed. Feed is given at satiation 3 times a day. The test parameters observed were the quality of the feed produced, daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio of bileh fish (Rasbora sp.). The research results showed that lysine and probiotic supplementation in artificial feed based on local raw materials gave the same response to the quality of the feed produced, but had a significant effect on the daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio of bileh fish. The best daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio were obtained in the P3 treatment.Keywords: Artificial feed based on local raw materials; feed quality; feed conversion ratio; Rasbora sp.

Infl uence of biologically active additive on meat productivity of pigs

In order to improve the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in feed by animals, biologically active additives have recently been used in practice. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of a biologically active additive on the meat productivity of pigs. The research was carried out at the Agrofi rma Ariant LLC in the Emanzhelinsky district one of the largest pig-breeding complexes in the Chelyabinsk region for the production of pork on an industrial basis. The data on the use of the probiotic Bifi dumbacterin in the diet of fattening pigs have been presented in the article. The probiotic feed additive was given to animals in the amount of 0.05 and 0.10 g/head/day. It was found that the absolute gain in live weight of young pigs in the control group during the experimental period was 69.60 kg, in the 1st experimental group it was 74.16 kg, which was by 4.56 kg more, and in the 2nd experimental group it was 76.56 kg, which was by 6.96 kg more. The average daily live weight gain of animals in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was higher than in the control by 6.55 and 10.00 %, respectively. The use of a biologically active additive in addition to the main diet had a positive eff ect on the formation of meat productivity of fattened young pigs in the experimental groups. The pigs of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded the control group in slaughter weight by 5.35 and 7.81 %, respectively, in hot carcass weight by 5.13 and 7.39 %, in slaughter yield by 0.5 and 0.7 abs.%. Economic effi ciency in monetary terms was higher in the experimental groups. The use of Bifidumbacterin in feeding of young pigs made it possible to reduce the prime-cost of 1 centner of live weight gain by 294.14–423.17 rubles and increase the level of profitability of pork production by 7.26–10.74 abs.%.

Clostridium butyricum Probiotic Feed Additive: Modulation of Sow Milk Metabolomics and Mitigation of Pre-Weaning Piglet Diarrhea.

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of Clostridium butyricum probiotic feed additive on sow and piglet performances, together with alterations in the lipidomic and metabolomic profiles of sow milk. Sixty-four Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows and 794 piglets were included. Sows were divided into two groups; i.e., (i) conventional gestation diet (control; n = 35) and (ii) conventional diet added with 10 g/sow/day of probiotic C. butyricum spores (treatment; n = 29) from one week before the estimated farrowing day until weaning (29.6 ± 4.8 days). The sow and piglet performances and incidence of piglet diarrhea were recorded. Changes in gross chemical composition, fatty acid and non-volatile polar metabolite profiles of sow colostrum, transient milk and mature milk were evaluated. The results showed that relative backfat loss in the treatment group (-2.3%) was significantly lower than in control group (11.6%), especially in primiparous sows (p = 0.019). The application of C. butyricum probiotics in sows significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea in piglets (p < 0.001) but no other effect on piglet performance was found. Lipidomic and metabolomic analyses revealed variations in sow colostrum and milk biomolecular profiles, with indicative compounds significantly altered by feeding with the C. butyricum probiotics. In conclusion, the use of C. butyricum probiotics in sows may improve sow body condition and reduce diarrhea incidence in piglets, with underlying changes in milk composition that warrant further investigation. These findings support the potential of C. butyricum as a beneficial feed additive in swine production.

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Different Probiotics on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Salmo trutta (S. trutta).

Probiotics play an important role in animal production, providing health benefits to the host by improving intestinal microbial balance. In this study, we added three different probiotics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Bacillus licheniformis (BL), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and compared them with the control group (CON), to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, gut microbiology, and gut flora of S. trutta. Our results showed that feeding probiotics improved the survival, growth, development, and fattening of S. trutta. Additionally, probiotic treatment causes changes in the gut probiotic community, and the gut flora microorganisms that cause significant changes vary among the probiotic treatments. However, in all three groups, the abundance of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Rhizophagus bacterial genera was similar to that in the top three comparative controls. Furthermore, differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota among feed types were directly associated with significant changes in the metabolomic landscape, including lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compounds. The probiotic treatment altered the gut microbiome, gut metabolome, and growth performance of S. trutta. Using a multi-omics approach, we discovered that the addition of probiotics altered the composition of gut microbiota, potentially leading to modifications in gut function and host phenotype. Overall, our results highlight the importance of probiotics as a key factor in animal health and productivity, enabling us to better evaluate the functional potential of probiotics.

Effects of Dietary Multi-Strain Probiotics on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microbiota of Hybrid Groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂).

This study aims to examine the effects of the mixture of Bacillus cereus G1-11 and Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1-33, isolated from the gut of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), on the host. The hybrid groupers were divided into a control (C, without any probiotics), B. cereus (BC, 1010 cfu/g), E. acetylicum (EA, 108 cfu/g), compound (mix, a 1:1 mixture of B. cereus and E. acetylicum), and positive reference group (P, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 5 × 108 cfu/L). Each group had four replicates, with 30 fish per replicate (53.30 ± 0.50 g), and were fed for 60 days. The results showed that adding probiotics to the feed significantly improved the weight gain, weight growth rate, specific growth rate, and digestive enzyme activities of hybrid groupers compared to the C group. The compound group was the most significant. In addition, composite probiotics added to feed significantly upregulated the expression levels of several growth-related genes in the liver and muscles. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, lysozyme, and total antioxidant capacity in the serum and liver were significantly influenced through mixed probiotic feeding. Moreover, the expression levels of several immune-related genes in the liver, spleen, and head kidney were significantly enhanced by adding single and mixed probiotics to feed, with the synergy of mixed probiotics being the best. An analysis of the gut microbiota showed that adding composite bacteria enhanced the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, significantly increasing the relative abundance of potential probiotics (Cetobacterium and Microbacterium) while decreasing the presence of potential pathogens (Mycoplasma). Overall, our findings highlighted the efficacy of mixed probiotics (B. cereus and E. acetylicum) in enhancing growth performance, nutritional value of hybrid grouper feed, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and intestinal health, in finding the best combination of functional feed additives.

Biochemical indicators of pig blood when using a complex probiotic feed supplement

The use of probiotics in animal feed is one of the most promising alternatives to the application of antibiotics. In order to establish the effectiveness of the use of a complex probiotic supplement (Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., Spirulinaceae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Actinomycetaceae, Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp.) in pig farming, two groups of pigs of the Poltava Meat breed were formed by the analog method. In the ration of the fattening pigs of the experimental group, 1.0% of the mass of compound feed was replaced with a complex probiotic supplement, which was fed during the 45 days of the experimental period at the age of 135 to 180 days. In experimental pigs, biochemical blood parameters were determined (the content of protein, lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, the content of creatinine, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, albumins and globulins) using test kits from the company "Filisit Diagnostics" (UA). As a result of the research, it was established that with the use of a complex probiotic feed supplement, the content of total protein in the blood serum of the pigs of the experimental group was higher by 18.4%, glucose by 21.4%, aspartate aminotransferase activity by 20.4%, alanine aminotransferase by 38.0% compared to control group. In both groups, regardless of the established difference, the named indicators were within the physiological norm. The concentration of cholesterol in the blood of pigs receiving the probiotic supplement decreased by 43.2%, but the concentration of calcium (by 26.2%) and phosphorus (by 17.9%) increased. In the experimental group, the blood indicators related to the immunity of pigs improved – the content of α1 and α2 globulins decreased by 4.1% and 7.4%, respectively. Also, in the experimental group, the concentration of albumins increased by 7.5%, which probably indicates an improvement in the functional state of the liver. As a result of feeding with a complex probiotic supplement in the experimental group the albumin-globulin ratio improved, which increased by 35.0%. Thus, the introduction of a complex probiotic feed additive into the ration of pigs changed the structure of the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on metabolism, had a positive effect on the protein profile of the blood, and caused an increase of average daily gains in experimental animals by 5.8% compared to the control group.

Identification of moonlighting adhesins of highly-adhesive Lactobacillus plantarum PO23 isolated from the intestine of Paralichthys olivaceus

At present, feeding probiotics has been an effective method to prevent and control enterogenous diseases of cultured fish. It is very important and urgent to study the molecular mechanism of the adhesion and colonization of probiotics to improve the use efficiency accurately. In our previous research, highly-adhesive Lactobacillus plantarum PO23 (LP-PO23) was isolated from the intestine of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). To clarify the specific adhesion of LP-PO23 to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), six adhesins, d-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), enolase (ENO), 60 kDa chaperonin (Cpn60) and chaperone protein DnaK (DnaK) were identified as moonlighting proteins by far-Western blot and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in this research. The recombinant proteins rLDH, rGAPDH, rEF-Tu, rENO, rCpn60 and rDnak containing FLAG tag were expressed and employed as antigens to produce mouse polyclonal antibodies (pAbs). Using pAbs, Western blot, immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) were carried out to confirm the surface distribution of six adhesins on LP-PO23 cells respectively. Finally, the specific binding of rLDH, rGAPDH, rEF-Tu, rENO, rCpn60 and rDnak to IECs was verified by IF. In binding inhibition assay, the mouse anti-GAPDH pAb displayed the strongest inhibition activity among six pAbs. These results confirmed that six moonlighting adhesins participated in the specific adhesion of LP-PO23 to IECs and would facilitate understanding the adhesion mechanism of lactobacilli.

The Effect of Orally Administered Multi-Strain Probiotic Formulation (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) on the Phagocytic Activity and Oxidative Metabolism of Peripheral Blood Granulocytes and Monocytes in Lambs.

Probiotic feed additives have attracted considerable research interest in recent years because the effectiveness of probiotics can differ across microbial strains and the supplemented macroorganisms. The present study was conducted on 16 lambs divided equally into two groups (C-control and E-experimental). The examined lambs were aged 11 days at the beginning of the experiment and 40 days at the end of the experiment. The diet of group E lambs was supplemented with a multi-strain probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus plantarum AMT14, Lactobacillus plantarum AMT4, Lactobacillus rhamnosus AMT15, and Bifidobacterium animalis AMT30), whereas group C lambs did not receive the probiotic additive. At the beginning of the experiment (day 0) and on experimental days 15 and 30, blood was sampled from the jugular vein to determine and compare: phagocytic activity (Phagotest) and oxidative metabolism (Phagoburst) of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes by flow cytometry. An analysis of the phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes revealed significantly higher levels of phagocytic activity (expressed as the percentage of phagocytic cells and mean fluorescence intensity) in lambs that were administered the multi-strain probiotic formulation compared with lambs in the control group. The probiotic feed additive also exerted a positive effect on the oxidative metabolism of both granulocytes and monocytes (expressed as the percentage of oxidative metabolism and mean fluorescence intensity) after stimulation with Escherichia coli bacteria and with PMA (4-phorbol-12-β-myristate-13-acetate). These findings suggest that the tested probiotic formulation may have a positive effect on the immune status of lambs.

PSV-10 Evaluation of the effect of probiotic feed additives in the diet to improve dairy production and quality measures

Abstract There is limited information regarding the effectiveness of probiotic feed additives in the diet of lactating dairy cows. This study aimed to determine the effect that Fastrack probiotic had on the yield and milk quality measures of lactating dairy cows. To accomplish this goal, lactating Holstein cows (n = 80) were equally divided into two treatment groups: one supplemented with a probiotic (PRO) and one that did not receive the probiotic supplement (CON). The cows remained in their treatment groups for the duration of the 120-d study and were given ad libitum access to a total mixed ration consisting of 35% corn silage, 30% rolled corn, 10.5% soybean meal, 23% DDGS, and 1.5% mineral supplement. Cows on the PRO treatment were given 1 kg of DDGS once a day at milking that had the probiotic mixed in while the CON treatment were given 1 kg of the same DDGS that did not have the probiotic included. Preliminary results of this study show a decrease in individual treatment records for cows on the PRO treatment and an increase of 2 kg of milk yield per day.

PSVI-20 The effect of a probiotic feed additive on average daily gain and feed intake

Abstract Probiotic feed additive use in the swine industry has become increasingly popular as a substitute for antibiotic feed additives. This is due to the overuse of antibiotics in swine diets that has led to antibiotic residues in animal products and bacterial resistance. For this reason, we decided to feed a probiotic to prevent illnesses associated with the transition from the nursery to finisher phase. The objective of this study was to determine the effect that Fastrack probiotic had on the health and performance of post-weaning feeder pigs. The trial was conducted using feeder pigs weighing 39 kg ± 2.2 kg. To evaluate the effect of the probiotic on health, average daily gain, and feed intake, a contemporary group of pigs was split evenly into two pens. The pigs were housed in an outdoor pen with ad libitum access to water and feed coming from a Smidley automatic feeder. The feeders were filled once a week, and the pens were sanitized using the farms SOP for pen sanitation. The pigs were on trial for a total of 45 d with general health observations taken daily and body weights measured on d 0, 23, and 45. The results showed that the pigs in the probiotic pen were healthier throughout the duration of the trial with fewer individual treatments recorded. Also, there was a numerical difference in the average daily gain of the probiotic group compared with the control, with the probiotic group weighing approximately 0.45kg more than the control. There was no difference in the feed conversion rate of the pens.

Pharmacological effects of the use of enzyme and probiotic feed additive for dry cows

The scientific research conducted worldwide on the use of probiotics in animal husbandry demonstrates only a positive effect on the functioning of the macroorganism, but questions persist about the various pharmacological effects of multicomponent microbial preparations in combination with enzymes important in the digestion of certain types of productive animals, which makes it important for veterinary medicine and farmers to obtain environmentally friendly and high-quality products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a multicomponent enzyme and probiotic supplement on the duration of calving stages, prevention of postpartum complications in cows and some haematological parameters. Clinical, haematological, and statistical research methods were employed in this study. The research was conducted in a private dairy farm with 195 cows. The housing conditions and diet of the animals in the control group (n=6) and the experimental group (n = 17) were analogous, and the enzyme and probiotic supplement “ProActivo” (containing enzymes, Bacillus subtilis strain AX20, B. licheniformis strain EA22, and Enterococcus faecium) was added to the diet of the experimental cows at the rate of 10-14 g/animal, once a day, for 21-30 days before calving. A positive effect on the body of pregnant cows was found – elimination of diarrhoea symptoms in 4 days in 100% of diseased animals, and no changes in the control group. The study proved that the prenatal course of probiotic therapy of cows provided 95% prevention of afterbirth retention, a significant (P ≤ 0.001) reduction in the duration of the stage of afterbirth separation in cows of the experimental group (253.9±3.6 min) compared to the control group (326.8±8.9 min). A significant (P≤0.01) increase in the count of lymphocytes by 3.25±0.2 G/l, monocytes by 0.43±0.03 G/l, neutrophils (P≤0.001) by 1.6±0.28 G/l in cows treated with an enzyme-protein supplement was recorded, which is associated with the optimisation of the functioning of the primary immune system and the pharmacosynergistic effect of the multicomponent supplement. The findings obtained are valuable for veterinarians and dairy herd keepers, as the addition of an enzyme and probiotic supplement to the diet of dry cows will facilitate the calving stages and prevent afterbirth retention