Probiotic Feed Research Articles

Effects of different feed components and the treatment of the litter on the ammonia emission of equine urine

The main goal of our research was to study the effects of different feed components and the treatment of the litter on the NH3 emission of equine urine. Four adult horses were used in the experiment. The basic diet consisted of 1500 g mashed oat, fed twice a day (morning and evening), and ad libitum hay. During the night the horses were kept separately in concrete floor boxes, the litter was wheat straw. The whole study was divided into 3 main periods. In the first period of the experiment the litter and the floor were treated with a probiotic supplement for two days in the evenings. In the second period of the experiment for 8 days the basic diet was supplemented with 40 ml of probiotic added to the oat. Before the third period of our study the horses were fed with their regular diet for two weeks. After that the oat was changed to a high-protein-value horse feed for 12 days. At the end of the second and third periods, the litter was treated again. Urine contaminated straw samples were collected after each period before and after the litter treatments from different places of the litter in the morning before the daily littering. From the samples, the dry matter content and the NH3 emission were measured. Statistical analysis was carried out with linear modelling. According to our results, both the probiotic treatment of the feed and the high-protein-value horse feed decreased the urine NH3 emission significantly (p<0.05). However, the NH3 emission was only slightly influenced by the litter treatment. Only in the case of probiotic feed supplement could a decrease in emission be detected, but the result was not significant. There was no difference in the dry matter content of the samples. Based on our results, we can conclude that both the high-protein-value horse feed and the probiotic supplement applied in our experiment can be useful to decrease urine NH3 emission by horses. The two-days litter treatment however seems to be too short to gain any positive effects.

USE OF LACTULOSE FOR INCREASE IN THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVES

One of the ways to correct dysbiosis is the use of preparations based on probiotic strains of microorganisms as well as prebiotics. The aim was to increase the effectiveness of joint cultivation of lacto and bifidobacteria for the development of new probiotic feed additives. For this purpose, the composition of a nutrient medium with different levels of lactulose was designed, and the optimal ratio of probiotic strains was determined for joint cultivation. To create a bacterial consortium, on the basis of previous investigation, the strain of Bifidobacterium adolescentis 17-11 β and the strain of Lactobacillus plantarum 8 β were selected as the most active probiotic cultures. Bifidobacteria were cultivated in the Blaurock medium (pH 6.5±0.1) at a temperature of 38.0±0.5°C. Lactobacteria were dissolved in a nutrient medium MRS-1 (pH 6.5±0.1) having been recovered at a temperature of 37.0±0.5°C for 24 hours. Then two successive passages followed, on the MRS-2 media (pH 6.3±0.1) and MRS-4 (pH 6.3±0.1). The joint cultivation of lactobacteria and bifidobacteria was performed in the casein-yeast medium. Studies have shown that the addition of lactulose to a nutrient in the amount of 1.0% and 1.5% has a positive effect on the cultural traits of probiotic cultures. In the joint cultivation of lactobacteria L. plantarum 8 β and bifidobacteria B. adolescentis 17-11 β, the largest biological bacterial consortium manifests at a ratio of lacto-bifidobacterium 1:2. As a result of the conducted research, it has been found that the cultivation of these strains under conditions in vitro, with the addition of 1.5% lactulose as a prebiotic component, allows to obtain the highest rate of growth and the level of accumulation of bacterial mass.

Effect of adding Pediococcus acidilactici at low plant protein diets on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings

In the present study effects of adding the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), on growth performance, feed utilization and carcass composition of Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were investigated. Four experimental diets were formulated, as isocaloric (4417.23 Kcal/kg diet), containing 25% crude protein (CP), and 23% crude protein (CP), each was either addition or not with Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) at 1g /kg diet (T1, T2, T3 and T4), respectively and fed to monosex Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings with average weight (2.60 ±0.01g/fish). Total of 240 fingerlings were random distributed in four treatments, triplicate groups each with twenty fish/ aquarium. The experiment period was lasted for 71 days. The results indicated that fish fed low level of crude protein (23%) in tilapia diet without Pediococcus acidilactici recorded the worst values of growth performance and feed utilization parameters. Also, fish fed with P. acidilactici presented higher weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratios (PER), protein productive value (PPV % ) and energy utilization compared to the control diet. The results indicated that the use of 1× 109 cuf kg-1 dry feed probiotics improved growth parameters and feed utilization in Nile tilapia fingerlings.

INFLUENCE OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE «ENTERO-ACTIVE» ON AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BROILER CHICKEN MEAT

The research has proved that the usage of probiotyk in feeding of broiler chicken facilitate increasing of the digestibility of amino acids including irreplaceable. Revealed that the digestibility of amino acids was highest in broilers consumption average dose supplements investigated. It should be noted that the increased digestibility of the essential probiotic amino acids, such as: lysine, histidine,
 arginine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine. Thus, the use of probiotic supplements improve the usefulness of protein supply. Such positive changes result in the increasing of broiler efficiency. The research has proved that the usage of different doses of probiotic supplements «Entero-active» has positively effects on amino acid content in meat of broiler chickens. Specifically, the thoracic and femoral muscles of poultry raised the level of most essential amino acids. Thus, consumption of probiotic feed broilers improves meat quality.

A Comparative Interrupted Times Series on the Health Impact of Probiotic Yogurt Consumption Among School Children From Three to Six Years Old in Southwest Uganda.

Introduction: Following a school milk feeding program in Southwest Uganda, we initiated a probiotic yogurt school feeding program in the same region in 2018. In order to investigate the potential health benefits from probiotic yogurt we conducted an observational study, where we compared the effect of the consumption of locally produced probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 to milk in pre-primary schoolchildren from different schools on the occurrence of respiratory tract infections (common cold) and skin infections (e.g., tinea capitis).Method: A comparative interrupted time series over a period of 3 weeks of baseline followed by 9 weeks of 100 ml of probiotic yogurt or milk consumption for 5 days per week. In total 584 children attending five different schools were followed during consumption of probiotic yogurt and 532 children attending five other schools during consumption of milk. Incidences of respiratory tract infection symptoms and skin infection symptoms, changes in anthropometric indicators and absenteeism were recorded.Results: Over the course of the study period the incidence rate for common cold symptoms decreased faster in the yogurt group than in the milk group (p = 0.09) resulting in a final RR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.5–1.4) at the end of the observational period. The incidence rate of skin infection related symptoms also reduced faster in the yogurt group compared to the milk group (p < 0.0001) resulting in a relative risk factor (RR) of 0.6 (CI: 0.4–0.9) at the end of the observational period. Anthropometric indicators and level of absenteeism did not show significant differences between yogurt and milk.Conclusion: Notwithstanding the observed positive trend and effect of probiotic yogurt on the incidences of common cold and skin infections, respectively, we consider the results of this comparative interrupted time series inconclusive due to differences in the recorded health parameters between the probiotic yogurt and milk control groups at base line, and fluctuations over the course of the intervention period. An improved study design, with more uniform study groups, a longer intervention period and a third control group without yogurt or milk is required to draw definitive conclusions.

Effect of Probiotics and Multi-Component Feed Additives on Microbiota, Gut Barrier and Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens During Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis.

The withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry feed has increased the risk of necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreaks. This study examined the effects of a probiotic (PROB) or probiotic/prebiotic/essential oil supplement (PPEO) during a subclinical NE challenge. On day (d) of hatch, 960 male broilers were randomized to four groups (8 pens/treatment, 30 birds/pen) including (1) negative control (NC): corn-soybean meal diet; (2) positive control (PC): NC + 20 g Virginiamycin/ton diet; (3) NC + 227 g PROB/ton diet; and (4) NC + 453 g PPEO/ton diet. One d after placement, birds were challenged by a coccidia vaccine to induce NE. Feed intake and body weights were measured on d 8 (NE onset) and end of each feeding period. On d 8, the small intestines of three birds/pen were examined for NE lesions. Jejunum samples and ileal mucosal scrapings from one bird/pen were respectively collected to measure mRNA abundance (d 8 and d 14) and profile the microbiota (d 8 and d 42). Data were analyzed in JMP or QIIME 2 and significance between treatments identified by LSD (P < 0.05). PROB and PPEO had significantly lower mortality (d 0–14) and NE lesion scores compared to NC. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in PC, PROB, and PPEO, while average daily gain was higher in PPEO and PC groups compared to NC from d 0–42. On d 8 and d 14, mRNA abundance of claudin-3 was higher in PPEO compared to NC. On d 14, compared to NC, mRNA abundance of sIgA and PGC-1α in PROB and PPEO were lower and higher, respectively. Compared to NC, PPEO increased mTOR abundance on d 14. On d 8, relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Ruminiclostridium9, Prevotellaceae, Prevotellaceae UCG-014, ASF356, and Muribaculaceae was higher in NC compared to PPEO and PROB, while Lactobacillus was lower in NC. Escherichia-Shigella had higher abundance in PC compared to PPEO and PROB. Collectively, these data indicate that during a subclinical naturally occurring NE, supplementation of PROB or PPEO supports performance and reduces intestinal lesions, potentially through modifying tight junction proteins, gut microbiota, immune responses, and cell metabolism.

Use of probiotics in fish feed and clams (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) as biofilter components of aquaponic system in archipelagic dryland

Abstract. Santoso P, Sunadji. 2020. Use of probiotics in fish feed and clams (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) as biofilter components of aquaponics system in archipelagic dryland. Trop Drylands 3: 46-50. Aquaponics is a combination system between aquaculture and hydroponic. It is water-use efficient and suitable to be developed in the archipelagic dryland. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding probiotics in fish feed and the use of clam (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) as additional components in the aquaponic system on feed conversion ratio, productivity of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and aquatic spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), and removal efficiency of organic matter suspended in the aquaculture water. This study was an experimental study using a factorial treatment laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments applied were administration of probiotics with concentrations of 2 mL kg-1, 4 mL kg-1, and 6 mL kg-1 in feed to improve feed efficiency in catfish, thus minimizing metabolite discharges, and the use of clam in biofilter systems with a density of 50 clams m-2, 100 clams m-2, and 200 clams m-2 to improve the efficiency of absorption of cultivation effluents in the form of suspended particles. The results of ANOVA showed that the treatment of adding probiotics in the fish feed had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on improving feed conversion ratio, increasing the production of catfish, and the removal efficiency, but had no significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on aquatic spinach biomass production. Whereas the use of clams as biofilter significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved feed conversion ratio, increased the production of catfish and aquatic spinach, also efficiently removed organic matter in the aquaponic system. The interaction of these two factors had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on feed conversion ratio and aquatic spinach production, however, it had no significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on the production of catfish and the organic matter removal efficiency. Post hoc LSD test showed that the best interaction effect was the treatment of probiotic 6 mL kg-1 and biofilter 200 clams m-2 because it generated a combination of the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.07) and the highest of aquatic spinach production (5.28 kg m-2).

POTENSI DAUN ASHITABA (Angelica keiskei) SEBAGAI SUMBER FITOBIOTIK DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI LEMAK ABDOMINAL AYAM BROILER

Ashitaba leaves have many vitamins, minerals, amino acids, antioxidants, and has the potential to be a feed supplement to chicken growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Ashitaba leaf flour as a source of probiotics in feed on levels of broiler abdominal fat production. 25 DOC broilers were kept for 35 days. The treatment was the addition of Ashitaba leaf flour in basal feed with different levels ; P0 (0% Ashitaba Leaf Flour + 98% Basal Feed + 2% Filler); P1 (0.5% Ashitaba Leaf Flour + 98% Basal Feed + 1.5% Filler); P2 (1% Ashitaba Leaf Flour + 98% Basal Feed + 1% Filler); P3 (1.5% Ashitaba leaf meal + 98% Basal feed + 0.5% Filler) and; P4 (2% Ashitaba leaf flour + 98% Basal feed + 0% Filler). The data obtained were analyzed using variance and if there were significant differences it would be further tested with the Duncan Distance Test. The results showed that giving Ashitaba Leaf Flour up to a level of 2% had a significant on increasing the weight of broiler (P&gt; 0.05) but had no significant (P&gt; 0.05) on the weight of abdominal fat and the percentage of abdominal fat.

The use of probiotic drug Monosporin in diets of heifers

Rearing of replacement young animals in particular of calves based on the scientific notion of development of the organism, knowledge of age-specific physiology of digestion, metabolism of nutrients and needs them in the process of ontogenesis animals. The main task in the development and use of new effective feed additives is to increase the growth energy and livability of young cattle. One of the most reliable tools in this case are probiotic drugs of the new generation. Probiotics in animals activate digestion; strengthen non-specific immunity, which is the result of normalization of the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this work was to study the possibility and effectiveness of using a multi-factorial microbiological drug Monosporin produced by Biotechnagro LLC (Krasnodar) in feeding of heifers. In the diets of heifers of experimental groups, the probiotic feed additive Monosporin has been used in quantities of 3,0 g/head/day (the 2nd experimental group) and 5,0 g/head/day (the 3rd experimental group). Heifers of the 1st control group did not receive this additive. It has been found that the expenditures of concentrated feed in heifers of the 2nd experimental group was lower by 3,5 %. Their herdmates of the 3rd experimental group spent concentrates per 1 kg of live weight gain by 5,4 % less compared to the 1st control group. In heifers of the 3rd experimental group have been received 5 g/head/day of probiotic feed additive of multivariate action Monosporin, feed expenditures per unit of live weight gain were the lowest. According to the results of research, it can be assumed that the use of the studied feed additive in these dosages contributes to the better use of metabolic energy and nutrients in the diet when rearing heifers.

Dietary supplementation with phytochemicals improves diversity and abundance of honey bee gut microbiota.

Determine the impact of beneficial phytochemicals on diversity and abundance of the gut microbiome in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Eight-day-old honey bee workers were fed 25ppm of phytochemical (caffeine, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid or kaempferol) in 20% sucrose. Guts of bees collected at 3 and 6days were excised and subjected to next-generation sequencing for bacterial 16S and fungal ITS regions. Although phytochemical supplementation fostered gut microbial diversity and abundance, the patterns differed between phytochemicals and there was a temporal stabilization of the bacterial community. While bacterial and fungal communities responded differently, all phytochemical treatments displayed increased abundance of the most represented bacterial genera, Snodgrassella sp. and Lactobacillus sp. Phytochemical supplementation improves gut microbial diversity and abundance, reiterating the need for diverse habitats that provide bees with access to pollen and nectar rich in these micronutrients. Diverse gut microbiota can provide a strong line of defense for bees against biotic stressors while improving worker bee lifespan. This is the first report on the impact of phytochemical supplementation on gut microbiota in honey bees and these findings have implications for strategic hive management through standardization of effective phytochemical and probiotic feed supplements.

Probiotic Carnobacterium divergens increase growth parameters and disease resistance in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae without influencing the microbiota.

Aquaculture represents the fastest growing food sector and the second largest export commodity in Norway. Disease in aquaculture causes mortality and huge losses in farmed fish. Probiotic treatment of farmed fish, i.e. feeding of fish with live, beneficial microorganisms, may represent one part of a sustainable solution to these problems. Some carnobacteria of fish origin have shown promising results as probiotics for fish. In this study, two Carnobacterium divergens strains were fed to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae through intermittent feeding with Artemia franciscana containing the bacterial strains. Cod larvae fed with the carnobacteria showed a significantly higher growth and survival during the larval rearing stage compared to the larvae fed A. franciscana with no carnobacteria (control treatment). Following the probiotic feeding period, the cod larvae were challenged with a pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum. Cod larvae from probiotic treatment showed significantly better disease resistance compared to the control. Microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing verified that enrichment of carnobacteria in the A. franciscana feed. Analysis of the whole larvae detected only minor relative levels of carnobacteria in the probiotic treated larvae, which was non-significant compared to the control larvae (p = 0.062). The probiotic treatment had no significant impact on the overall microbiota diversity or composition in the larvae during the probiotic feeding period or after the disease challenge. Despite this, significantly improved growth and survival during larval rearing and post-pathogen challenge suggest probiotic effects of C. divergens mixture on cod larval fish performance and welfare. Studies examining the mode of action should be carried out to get more insight to lead to the commercial application of C. divergens in Atlantic cod larviculture.

Effects of feeding double strain spores as a probiotics with or without antibiotic growth promoter on broiler performance

The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of feeding probiotics supplemented diets with or without antibiotic growth promoter on growth performance, carcass characteristics and cost-effectiveness of commercial broilers. A gable type open sided house was used for experimental purpose. Three hundred twenty Cobb-500 one- day-old straight run chicks were randomly distributed into four dietary groups having five replications. The number of birds in each replication was 16. Four diets were considered: diet 1: control; diet 2: antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) at a dose of 15g/100kg; diet 3: probiotics (PB) at a dose of 250g/100kg and diet 4: AGP plus PB (15g/100kg+250g/100kg). Birds were vaccinated against common viral diseases as a part of disease prevention program. The records were kept of body weight, feed intake and mortality while weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survivability were calculated. Both performance and carcass yield were statistically analyzed for interpretation. Broiler chicks that received PB showed significant improvement in performance (P&lt;0.01) over control with respect to body weight gain, FCR, carcass yield and cost-effectiveness. Feeding AGP alone had comparatively less weight gain, net profit and almost similar feed efficiency compared with PB and AGP+PB groups but its performance was much better than that of control group. The PB fed group showed better meat yield traits. The PB alone group was also more cost effective over control. Feeding PB may be practiced in broiler diet as an alternative to AGP.&#x0D; Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 400-407

Synbiotic feed supplementation significantly improves lipid utilization and shows discrete effects on disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Enteric redmouth disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri is the main reason for antimicrobial prescription, and a cause of substantial economic losses and decreased animal welfare in aquaculture. Given the importance of the intestinal microbiota in digestion and disease, our aim was to investigate whether synbiotic feed supplementation strategies could improve feed performance and disease resistance. Four experimental synbiotic feeds formulated with pre- and probiotics were tested against a commercially available probiotic control feed. Each experimental feed was evaluated for feed performance, effects on gross as well as intestinal morphometrics, and finally their effect on resistance against a waterborne experimental infection with Yersinia ruckeri serotype O1, biotype 2. While co-supplementing Pediococcus acidilactici with citrus flavonoids or bacterial paraprobiotics significantly improved utilization of feed lipid content relative to the control group, a decrease in lipid utilization was observed for feeds that combined P. acidilactici with yeast paraprobiotics. No significant improvements on disease resistance were observed. Still, synbiotic formulations including P. acidilactici led to reduced risks relative to that of the control group, while an increased relative risk was observed for a Bacillus-based formulation. In conclusion, two of the synbiotic supplements significantly improved lipid utilization and contributed to minor increases in disease resistance.

Oral administration of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum modulates the gut microbiota and increases the amylase activity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The aim of this research was to evaluate the possible positive effects of feeding Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with a diet containing a commercial probiotic AQUA-PHOTO® [Lactobacillus plantarum (1.51 × 106 CFU g−1) and Bacillus subtilis (1.34 × 107 CFU g−1)] on digestive enzymes’ activity and gut microbiome profile. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments [control and probiotic diets (0.08 g.100 g−1 of feed)] and six replicate tanks per group (n = 8 animals per experimental unit, mean weight 8.18 g ± 1.85 g). The 96 fish were distributed into 12 aquaria and fed with the probiotic and control diets for 7 days. After this period, intestine samples (anterior, middle, and posterior portions) were collected from two individuals per tank. The samples were analyzed for assessment of DGGE profile and digestive enzymes’ activity (amylase, alkaline protease, and alkaline phosphatase). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means compared by t test (P < 0.05). The addition of B. subtilis and L. plantarum in the diets modulated the intestinal microbial biodiversity, more specifically the species richness and habitability index (P < 0.05). Besides, probiotic feeding also increased specific amylase activity in the anterior gut (P < 0.05). The other variables studied did not show any significant differences between treatments. The oral administration of B. subtilis and L. plantarum (AQUA-PHOTO®) modulates intestinal microbiota profile and increases the amylase enzymatic activity. Therefore, this measure may provide better utilization of carbohydrate sources in the diet, supplying energy for Nile tilapia growth.

Feed Supplementation with a Commercially Available Probiotic Solution Does Not Alter the Composition of the Microbiome in the Biofilters of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems.

Recirculating aquaculture relies on the treatment of ammonia compounds from the water by a bacterial flora growing inside biofilters. Another increasingly common practice in aquaculture is the supplementation of feed with live probiotic bacteria to boost the immune system of the farmed animals and hinder the implantation of pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the bacterial flora within the biofilters of recirculating farming units in which African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were being farmed. Our results suggested that these two farming systems could be compatible as feeding of the probiotic feed had no detectable effect on the composition of the microbiome within the biofilters and none of the bacteria from the feed could be detected in the biofilters. These findings suggest that supplementation of the fish feed with probiotic supplements did not interfere with the microbiome residing inside the biofilter and that it is a safe practice in recirculating aquaculture systems.

Selection of strains of lactic-acid bacteria for creation of a probiotic feed additive

Selection of strains of lactic-acid bacteria for creation of a probiotic feed additive

The Results Of Using The Probiotic Feed Additive "Baktovit" In The Diet Of Rabbits

The Results Of Using The Probiotic Feed Additive "Baktovit" In The Diet Of Rabbits

Probiotics in poultry feed: A comprehensive review.

The use of antibiotics to maintain animal well-being, promote growth and improve efficiency has been practised for more than 50 years. However, as early as the 1950s, researchers identified concern on the development of resistant bacteria for the antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline used in turkeys and broilers respectively. These findings laid the groundwork for agricultural officials to impose stricter regulatory parameters on the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds. Probiotics are live micro-organisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Commonly known as a direct-fed microbial, probiotics provide beneficial properties to the host, primarily through action in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animal. Supplementation of probiotics in the diet can improve animal health and performance, through contributions to gut health and nutrient use. For instance, supplementation of probiotics has been demonstrated to benefit farm animals in immune modulation, structural modulation and increased cytokine production, which positively affect the intestinal mucosal lining against pathogens. Bacillus subtilis has been a popular bacterium used within the industry and was shown to improve intestinal villus height. Increasing the villus height and structure of the crypts in the GIT allows for the improvement of nutrient digestion and absorption. Tight junctions maintain important defences against pathogenic bacteria and cellular homeostasis. Heat stress can be a major environmental challenge in the poultry industry. Heat stress causes the bird to fluctuate its internal core temperature beyond their comfort zone. To overcome such challenges, poultry will attempt to balance its heat production and dissipation through behavioural and physiological adaptation mechanisms.

The Utilization of Sweet Potatoes as Prebiotics on The Performance of Lactobacillus sp. in The Vanamei Shrimp Digestion (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The use of probiotics (Lactobacillus sp.) in feed is one alternative that is done to improve immunostimulants, growth stimulants, and can be used as a balance of microorganisms in digestion. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of vanamei shrimp fed with the addition of Lactobacillus sp. with sweet potatoes in feed. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment was by feeding with different sweet potato concentrations: A) The dose of sweet potato in feed was 0% (as control); B) The dose of sweet potato in feed was 10%; C) 1The dose of sweet potato in feed was 15%; and D) The dose of sweet potato in feed was 20%. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and continued with W-Tuckey's further test. The research parameters were digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, and growth. The results of the variance analysis showed the addition of various sweet potato concentrations with Lactobacillus sp. has no significant effect (p&gt; 0.05) of the growth rate. The specific growth rate of vannamei shrimp ranges from 3.06 to 3.23% / day. Based on the results of the analysis on the utilization of sweet potatoes as a prebiotic on the performance of Lactobacillus sp. in the vannamei shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) digestive tract can be concluded that the growth performance does not have a significant effect after being fed with the addition of Lactobacillus sp. and sweet potatoes in feed. Keywords: Enzymes, Digestion, Growth, Lactobacillus sp., Prebiotic, Probiotic.

Spray drying studies of probiotic Enterococcus strains encapsulated with whey protein and maltodextrin

BackgroundProbiotic Enterococcus strains of human origin were microencapsulated by spray drying using whey protein and maltodextrin as an encapsulating agent. The obtained encapsulates were characterized for stability, viability, and physiological properties.ResultsThe microcapsules were prepared from probiotic Enterococcus strains that were previously isolated from human vagina and infants’ meconium. The microcapsules revealed similar particle sizes and morphologies. The highest hygroscopicity was observed in the microcapsules produced with strain E. rivorum S22C (0.17 ± 1.15) g water/kg powder/min. E. canintestini S18A revealed highest dissolution time in water (703 ± 2 s). The DSC thermogram revealed excellent thermal stability of all microcapsules. The physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the microcapsules were acceptable with regard to residual water content, particle mean size, and thermophysical properties and storage stability under room temperature conditions, with a low inactivation rate of Enterococcus strains. All the microcapsules revealed the recommended count of probiotic cells, low moisture content with low water activity. Observation under a scanning electron microscope revealed spherical-shaped partially collapsed structures measuring between 9 and 14 μm with surface concavities.ConclusionsThe microcapsule probiotic strains of Enterococcus microencapsulated by spray drying using whey protein and maltodextrin revealed properties of acceptable standards. These strains can have future potential as developing probiotic animal feed and food industry.