Probe For Detection Of Peroxynitrite Research Articles

A simple highly selective ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of peroxynitrite and its bioimaging applications

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−), a potent oxidant, plays an important regulation role in different physiopathological processes. Its overproduction can potentially cause several diseases. Therefore, being able to accurately and selectively monitor ONOO− could help elucidate the interaction and function of ONOO− in physiological and pathological processes. Herein, a novel naphthalimide derived ratiometric fluorescent probe was successfully designed and synthesized for monitoring ONOO− in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and zebrafish. The probe showed highly selective towards ONOO− with satisfactory sensitivity (detection limit: 0.32 μM) and a significant 15 - fold enhancement of fluorescence ratio accompanied with a large blue shift of 110 nm. In addition, further biological experimental studies showed that the probe could track ONOO− in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and zebrafish animal models with specific sensitivity and reliability. Therefore, the probe can be expected to be a biological tool for developing the role of ONOO− in physiological systems in the future.

A xanthene-based fluorescent probe for detection of peroxynitrite in living cells and zebrafish

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of quite critical reactive oxygen species that acts critical roles in a number of diverse biological functions and pathological events. Notably, excessive ONOO− will lead to sorts of diseases. Thus, monitoring of endogenous ONOO− levels will be conducive to exploring the physiological activities and functions of ONOO−. Here, a simple turn-on fluorescent probe named DMX is reported using CN bond as the ONOO− recognition site and xanthene as the fluorophore. DMX possessed a good linear dependence with ONOO− concentration (0–9 μM), highly sensitive detection (DL = 37 nM), and excellent selectivity towards ONOO−. What is more, the biological experiments reveal that DMX is able to be utilized to track exogenous/endogenous ONOO− employing confocal laser scanning microscopy. Visualization of ONOO− in zebrafish was also successfully conducted, suggesting that DMX might be used to study ONOO− roles in vivo. We believe that DMX will have potential for exploring the pivotal role of ONOO− during all sorts of physiological and pathological activities.

Product-boosted fluorescence signal: a new approach for designing small-molecule probes for detection of peroxynitrite.

In situ self-assembled boronate ester comprising commercially available 2-formylphenylboronic acid and 2-(2',3'-bihydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (BHBT) is explored for the detection of ONOO- with product-boosted fluorescence. The self-assembly can detect ONOO- in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells.

Ratiometric Polymer Probe for Detection of Peroxynitrite and the Application for Live-Cell Imaging.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of the sources of oxidation stress involved in many biological signaling pathways. The role of ONOO− being a double-edged sword in biological systems drives the development of effective detection tools. In this work, a boronate-based polymeric fluorescent probe PB-PVA was synthesized and the probe performance was evaluated. The probe exhibits ratiometric sensing of ONOO− in a range of 0–6 µM. There is good linear relationship between the probe fluorescence intensity ratio and ONOO− concentration. The probe also displays moderate selectivity towards ONOO− over other ROS. Moreover, it is water-soluble and possesses good biocompatibility which aids the imaging of ONOO− in living cells. These properties could make the probe a promising tool in in vitro study related to ONOO−.

A Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Endogenous ONOO- near NMDA Receptors in Neuronal Cells and Hippocampal Tissues.

In this study, we developed a two-photon fluorescent probe for detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) near the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. This naphthalimide-based probe contains a boronic acid reactive group and an ifenprodil-like tail, which serves as an NMDA receptor targeting unit. The probe displays high sensitivity and selectivity, along with a fast response time in aqueous solution. More importantly, the probe can be employed along with two-photon fluorescence microscopy to detect endogenous ONOO- near NMDA receptors in neuronal cells as well as in hippocampal tissues. The results suggest that the probe has the potential of serving as a useful imaging tool for studying ONOO- related diseases in the nervous system.