Probability Values Research Articles

Key Factors Affecting the Value of Energy Sector Companies

The purpose of this study is to empirically test the effect of Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Asset Ratio (ROA), moderated by Good Corporate Governance (GCG), on the Company's Value. This research is conducted using a quantitative approach with four variables. The independent variables are Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), and Good Corporate Governance as the moderating variable, while the dependent variable is the Company's Value (Price to Book Value). The study was conducted on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2021-2023, and the data were sourced from the official Indonesia Stock Exchange website, with a population and sample consisting of 31 companies in the Energy Sector, specifically the Oil, Gas, and Coal Sub-sectors. The results of the analysis using robust regression show that the independent variable (X1) does not affect Y, with a probability value greater than alpha, while the independent variable (X2) significantly affects Y. Furthermore, the interaction between variable (X1) and the moderating variable is not able to significantly moderate the effect of variable X1 on Y, and the interaction between variable X2 and the moderating variable is also not able to significantly moderate the effect of variable X2 on Y.

Comparative impact of fiscal and monetary policies on economic growth in Nigeria

This work examined the comparative impact of fiscal policy and monetary policy on economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1981 to 2021 using annual time series data on real gross domestic product, broad money supply, government expenditure, total government revenue, and interest rate (lending rate). The objectives are to determine whether the fiscal policy or the monetary policy impacts more on economic growth in Nigeria and to ascertain the causality relationship between fiscal policy, monetary policy and economic growth in Nigeria over the period. The study employed ARDL Bounds Testing methodology in determining whether long run relationship exists between fiscal policy (proxy government expenditure and total government revenue), monetary policy (proxy broad money supply and interest rate (lending rate) and real gross domestic product. The result indicated that broad money supply representing monetary policy has positive relationship with and statistically significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria over the study period as indicated by its t-statistic and probability values of 6.436365 and 0.0000 respectively. Fiscal policy variable (government expenditure), on the other hand, has negative relationship with economic growth and statistically significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria as indicated by its t-statistic and probability values of -2.427968 and 0.0234 respectively. From the result, a change in money supply (monetary policy) affects economic growth positively while a change in Fiscal policy variable (government expenditure) affects economic growth negatively. Besides, the coefficient of monetary policy (0.457048) is greater than fiscal policy coefficient (-0.300554) and implies that monetary policy impacts more than fiscal policy impacts on economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore monetary policy does impact more than Fiscal policy on economic growth in Nigeria over the period studied. The result further indicated that there is no significant causality relationship between fiscal policy, monetary policy and economic growth in Nigeria over the period covered as indicated by the probability values of both fiscal and monetary policy variables employed and economic growth. The study therefore recommends that policy makers should focus more on monetary policy than fiscal policy so as to enhance economic growth since monetary policy has more concern with economic growth than fiscal policy. Keywords: Economic growth, fiscal policy, monetary policy, ARDL, Bound Test, Causality, Nigeria.

The Influence of Sales and Inventory Turnover on Net Profit in Food and Beverage Subsector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022

This research was conducted on food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of sales and inventory turnover on net profit in food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The research method used is a quantitative method with associative descriptive methods, with data collection techniques using documentation techniques. The population in this study was 40 food and beverage subsector companies and the research sample was 8 companies with 32 secondary data obtained from sampling techniques using Purposive Sampling. The data used is annual financial report data for 4 years from 2019-2022. The data analysis used is panel data regression analysis with Fixed Effect Model estimation which was tested using Eviews 9. Based on the research results, it shows that sales have an effect on net profit with a calculated t value of 15.72687 > t table, namely 2.042272 and a probability value of 0.0000 < 0.05. Inventory turnover has no effect on net profit with a calculated t value of 0.417240 < t table 2.042272 and a probability value of 0.6805 > 0.05. Sales and inventory turnover simultaneously influence net profit with a calculated F value of 972.0746 > F table, namely 3.327654. The coefficient of determination is 0.9974 or 99.74% and the remaining 0.03% is influenced by other variables not examined by researchers

THE INFLUENCE OF THE STRUCTURAL ANALYTICAL METHOD (SAS) WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF BIG BOOK MEDIA ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' BEGINNING READING ABILITY

This research was motivated by the results of UNESCO and PISA which stated that the literacy rate in Indonesia is still low, especially in beginning reading in elementary school students. The purpose of this study was to measure the initial reading ability of elementary school students, especially in grade I students. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a quantitative approach. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling techniques. In obtaining data, researchers conducted initial tests (pretest) and final tests (posttest) in the form of preliminary reading tests, observation sheets and interviews. The data technique used is to use descriptive analysis techniques and descriptive statistical analysis by testing hypotheses using t-test statistics.. The data obtained are then analyzed using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistical analysis data obtained average value (pretest) = 69,17 is in the very low category and average value (posttest) = 83,00 is in the high category. From the results of the hypothesis test analysis using paired sample test, a sig value = 0,001 is obtained in accordance with the basis for decision making, if the hypothesis test of the probability value of significance < 0.05, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Then significantly the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Based on the hypothesis test, it can be concluded that the synthetic analytical structural method (SAS) with the help of big book media affects the initial reading ability in grade I students of SDN Kebalen 01 Kabupaten Bekasi.

Mild to Moderate Normalization of Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure and Body Weight of Obese and Hyperlipidemic Patients by Herbs and Allopathic Agents

The research study was planned to observe effects of Nicotinic acid (niacin) and psyllium husk on blood pressure, body weight, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. It was single blind placebo controlled research study, which was conducted at Lahore Journal Hospital, from April 2023 to December 2023. Forty male and female hyperlipidemic patients were included in the research study, among which 20 patients were on placebo as control group, and 20 were on tablet Niacin, 2.25 grams daily, in divided doses for the period of three months. Patients with diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer, renal disease, hepatic disease, hypothyroidism and alcoholism were excluded from the study. Body weight and blood pressure of patients were recorded at fortnightly visit. LDL-Cholesterol was calculated by Friedwald formula (LDL= TC- (TG/5 + HDL-C). Serum HDL-cholesterol was determined by direct method. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were estimated by the enzymatic calorimetric method. Data regarding results were expressed as the mean ± SD and “t” test was applied to determine statistical significance of results. A probability value of <0.05 was the limit of significance. Three patients were dropped from the study due to side effects of Niacin. In three months of treatment with 2.25 grams of niacin HDL-cholesterol increased from 36.41±1.96 to 43.70±1.81 mg/dl, which was highly significant change when analyzed statistically. Niacin has decreased LDL-Cholesterol from 182.58±8.74 mg/dl to 119.29±4.08 mg/dl, which was highly significant (P<0.001), when compared statistically by paired “t” test. Overall percentage (%) changes from day-0 to day-90 were 34.66. Triglycerides reduced from 169.64±7.60 to 137.35±6.31 mg/dl, which was highly significant (P value <0.001) reduction in three months. Niacin has also reduced Blood Pressure. Difference between mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at day-0 and day-90 were found highly significant (P<0.001). Body weight was reduced from 66.29±194 kg to 64.79±1.82 kg in three months. This change was significant (P<0.01). We concluded from the research study that niacin decreases blood pressure, body weight and LDL-Cholesterol and increases HDL-cholesterol in primary hyperlipidemic patients. KEY WORDS: Blood pressure, diabetes, body weight, hyperlipidemia, herbs, allopathy.

Porphyry-type mineral prospectivity mapping with imbalanced data via prior geological transfer learning

Mineral prospectivity mapping is crucial for identifying areas with economically valuable minerals. Therefore, several methods based on machine learning have been applied to predict the likelihood of mineral occurrences, especially deep learning (DL), which provides a flexible and precise approach to the use of continuous data. It allows the approximation of predictive variables with probability values related to new ore targets. However, in the early stages of mineral exploration, DL-based methods face a challenge related to class and sampling imbalance due to scarce mineral deposits, resulting in a lack of enough samples to train, limiting the model’s predictive ability. This work proposed a detailed and systematic framework to address imbalanced data issues with prior geological transfer learning and a weighted loss function. We exploited the abundant pixel information of input variables to develop a pretext geological classification and a feature data extraction task as an initializer for the trainable variables of the neural network. The proposed workflow was tested in a porphyry-rich Yukon (Canada) region and overperformed other state-of-the-art classification algorithms such as random forest, support vector machines, and logistic regression. Moreover, our results were contrasted against different geological reports, where our mineral prospectivity map was coherent with regional and local potential assessments of porphyry-type mineral occurrences. The quantitative metrics with a validation dataset suggested that the proposed method can effectively predict mineral prospective areas in different imbalanced data scenarios.

Assessment of the Safety of Tofacitinib Among Patients With Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Psoriasis is a clinically heterogeneous, lifelong skin condition. Novel medications such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as a promising class of agents that modulate the immune response. Tofacitinib could reduce skin lesions and boost patient-reported clinical outcomes, but its immunosuppressive effects might also increase patients' risk of infections and other adverse effects. To assess the safety outcomes of using Tofacitinib in comparison to placebo in terms of the incidence of serious infections, herpes zoster infection (HZ), upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), nasopharyngitis, and serious adverse events (SAE), this systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy involved five databases. Two authors independently screened and selected studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion. Data on baseline patient characteristics and outcomes such as serious infections, HZ infections, nasopharyngitis, and URTIs were extracted. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised version of the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB2) tool, and meta-analysis was conducted using Cochrane's Revman web. The ORwas employed to estimate outcomes. A probability value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The search strategy initially identified 998 studies; of these, six RCTs were included with a total of 2516 participants having moderate-to-severe psoriasis and treated with either Tofacitinib or placebo. The meta-analysis results revealed increases in the risks of HZ, URTIs, serious infections, nasopharyngitis, and SAE, but no significant difference was found between the intervention and placebo groups. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB2 tool, revealing low bias across most domains, with some concerns in certain studies related to deviations from intended interventions and missing outcome data. In conclusion, while Tofacitinib is effective against moderate-to-severe psoriasis with non-significant risks, there are some safety concerns regarding the measured outcomes. Future research is needed concerning the assessment of safety outcomes with long-term use of Tofacitinib among larger populations.

The Influence of Audit Tenure, Audit Fee, and Institutional Ownership on Audit Delay: Study of Companies in Various Industrial Sectors Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange 2018-2022

ABSTRACT Purpose: This research aims to analyze the influence of audit tenure, audit fee, and institutional ownership on audit delay.Design/methodology: To do this research, the method chosen is quantitative. The sample used included 21 companies from various industries listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange and data collected over five years, from 2018 to 2022. The logistic regression test is the analysis used.. Findings: The results showed that the probability values of audit tenure, audit fees, and institutional ownership were less than the significance level of 0.05, suggesting that the increase and decrease in the number of audits in tenure, audit fees, and institutional ownership were not large enough to indicate a significant influence on the audit delay proposed as a hypothesis.Practical implications: The author organized the diverse factors and findings inside the structured literature review, while this study, which focuses on Institutional Ownership and board governance, provides valuable insights into earlier studies. The writers guide academics, regulatory agencies, and company practices in this corporate governance topic.Originality/Value: This research is relatively new because it uses varying audit fees and various industrial sectors, which include various industrial sectors, so that the research results can be more acceptable.

Anthropogenic Drivers of Floods and Household Adaptations Across the Coastal Wetland Areas of Limbe and Douala IV Municipalities, Cameroon

Many coastal wetland areas are experiencing the impacts of accelerated and episodic floods on the built environment and people’s livelihoods. This work examined the anthropogenic drivers of floods and household adaptations in Limbe and Douala IV Municipalities-Cameroon. Data was generated from primary and secondary sources and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26. Findings revealed that areas between 1-5m such as Clark’s Quarter, Down Beach, Mabanda and Ndobo witnessed severe floods. There was a statistically significant relationship between poor drainage facilities, haphazard settlement construction, blockage of drains by refuge and severe coastal flooding with probabilities values of (0.00582**, 0.0001*** and 0.0888*) respectively. Construction on raised foundation (p = 0.0439**), raising bed higher above the floor (p = 0.0370**), placement of valuable items above the floor (p = 0.0613*) and seasonal migration (p=0. 177) were principal informal adaptation strategies to floods. This study recommends proper land use planning by stakeholders.

Superior probabilistic computing using operationally stable probabilistic-bit constructed by manganite nanowire

Abstract Probabilistic computing has emerged as a viable approach to treat optimization problems. To achieve superior computing performance, the key aspect during computation is massive sampling and tuning on the probability states of each probabilistic bit (p-bit), demanding its high stability under extensive operations. Here, we demonstrate a p-bit constructed by manganite nanowire that shows exceptionally high stability. The p-bit contains an electronic domain that fluctuates between metallic (low resistance) and insulating (high resistance) states near its transition temperature. The probability for the two states can be directly controlled by nano-ampere electrical current. Under extensive operations, the standard error of its probability values is less than 1.3%. Simulations show that our operationally stable p-bit plays the key role to achieve correct inference in Bayesian network by strongly suppressing the relative error, displaying the potential for superior computing performance. Our p-bit also serves as high quality random number generator without extra data-processing, beneficial for cryptographic applications.

Probabilistic Seismic Risk Assessment of Metro Tunnels in Soft Soils

Tunnels are of significant importance in the sustainable development of global urban areas, particularly in metropolitan areas. It is of the utmost importance to evaluate the seismic performance of tunnels across a wide spectrum of earthquake intensities. In order to address this, our study presents a framework for the assessment of seismic risk in tunnels. This study employs the city of Shanghai’s urban metro tunnels as case studies. The nominal values of seismic risk for the three main damage states—minor, moderate, and major—were calculated. Furthermore, the influence of utilizing disparate fragility functions on expected seismic risk assessments was investigated. In this framework, the probability density functions of the different fragility curve models are employed to treat the probability values associated with them as random variables. This approach aims to facilitate the propagation of IMV in seismic risk assessments. The results demonstrate that the Bayesian framework efficiently incorporates the full range of input model variability into risk estimation. The findings of this study offer a foundation for decision-making processes, seismic risk assessments, and the resilience management of urban infrastructure.

Enhancing structural damage evaluation of PC girder bridges through digital twinning Bayesian model updating

Developing a unified analytical framework to assess the structural performance of deteriorated prestressed concrete (PC) girder bridges is important for their maintenance. This study aims to construct a physics-based digital twin framework for PC girder bridges incorporating Bayesian model selection and updating, a high-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model, and a method for simulating prestressed tendon damage. In this study, three PC girder specimens were designed and tested to evaluate the effects of tendon rupture near the anchorage region on structural performance. Bayesian model selection was used to determine the most plausible model class based on the estimated model evidence. The most probable values (MPVs) of the model parameters, derived from the estimated posterior probability density functions (PDFs), were then used to calibrate the FE model, which reflects a healthy state of the PC girder bridge. This updated FE model serves as the baseline for conducting what-if scenario simulations. Subsequently, nonlinear segments of the constitutive model, obtained from coupon tests, and a simulation method for tendon rupture were incorporated into the updated FE model. Nonlinear static simulation results obtained through the updated model were found to be consistent with both the observed crack pattern and the load–deflection curve. The reliability of the digital twinning FE model for assessing tendon damage and for predicting the residual load-bearing capacity was verified through comparison with measured data. Therefore, the digital twinning Bayesian model updating approach shows potential applications in continuous structural health monitoring (SHM) of PC bridges.

Accuracy in Pedigree Records in Hair Goats: New Microsatellite Based Paternity Test Panels

Objective: The aim of the study was to establish microsatellite-based paternity test panels that can be used in paternity tests for Hair goat populations bred in Aydın and Denizli provinces, and to evaluate them in terms of paternity test parameters. Material and Methods: The animal material of the study consisted of a total of 247 hair goats (42 bucks and 205 kids) in Hair goat farms in Aydın and Denizli provinces. The 18 microsatellites used in the study were evaluated in terms of molecular genetic parameters obtained from genotyping. After the evaluation, microsatellites were ranked from highest to lowest based on their individual exclusion probability values. Eighteen paternity test panels were created by sequentially adding a new microsatellite with a lower individual exclusion probability than the previous one to the microsatellite with the highest exclusion probability. Molecular genetic test statistics were obtained for the paternity test panels. Results: In the study, 306 alleles were observed. The observed heterozygosity ratio (Ho) ranged from 0.39 to 0.95, while the expected heterozygosity ratio (He) ranged from 0.72 to 0.92. In the study, individual P-probability of exclusion (PE) values ranged from 0.316 to 0.719, while the combined probability of exclusion (CPE) values for the paternity test panels ranged from 0.7188 to 0.9999. Among the paternity test panels, Panel -7 and the following panels showed values above the threshold value reported in the literature in terms of the combined probability of exclusion. Conclusion: According to the study findings, Panels 7 and 8, designed for paternity testing with fewer microsatellite markers, can be more cost-effective and practical for Hair goat populations compared to other panels. The findings obtained from the study make a significant contribution and provide a perspective for improving hand-mating practices. This is crucial within the framework of the "National Genetic Improvement Project for Small Ruminants at Breeders' Conditions" coordinated by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies.

THE INFLUENCE OF TAM VARIABLES AND FINANCIAL LITERACY ON QRIS PAYMENT DECISIONS WITH INTEREST AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE (STUDY ON POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG STUDENTS)

The rapid evolution of digital technology, especially in the digital economy and payment sector, has driven the widespread adoption of digital payment services utilizing QR Codes. The Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS), introduced by Bank Indonesia and the Indonesian Payment System Association (ASPI) on August 17, 2019, serves as the national QR code standard, facilitating QR code-based payments across Indonesia. QRIS presently allows the acceptance of payment applications, whether from banks or non-banks, at various establishments. This study, involving 370 students from a population of 6,128, utilizes the Structural Equation Model (SEM) for analysis, demonstrating a robust fit with a GFI value surpassing 0.913. The findings reveal that TAM variables—perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and financial literacy—significantly influence the decision of QRIS payment through interest in adopting digital payments as an intervening variable, supported by probability values below 5%

Assessment of Risk Factors for Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy

Background: Globally, iron insufficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency and the primary cause of anemia. Iron deficiency can result in maternal anemia and decreased infant iron reserves due to increased iron demand during pregnancy. Objective: The study was designed to assess the risk factors encountered during pregnancy among pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on one hundred pregnant women enrolled on the health care centers who were diagnosed as anemic. The data were obtained from all through direct interviews using a special questionnaire covering the sociodemographic characteristics, diet habits, and supplements taken during pregnancy. The one-way ANOVA test analysis was done to see the association of each variable with the anemia severity. The probability value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results indicated that there was no statistically significant relation between iron deficiency anemia and all the socio-demographic characteristics which included; age, parity, educational level, occupation, family size, and gestational age. While there is a highly statistically significant relation between iron deficiency anemia and diet habit of pregnant women regarding the frequency of intake of meats, fishes, vegetables, and fruits at p-value = 0.001, intake pulse at p-value = 0.012, intake of nuts at p-value = 0.021, and drinking tea at p-value = 0.001. Conclusion: Educating pregnant women to eat iron-rich foods may be useful as a strategy for reducing iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy, also using of iron supplements, folic acid and vitamin B12 is regarded as a successful way to treat anemia.

Global environmental sustainability trends: A temporal comparison using a new interval-based composite indicator

Assessing progress on the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals is crucial for evaluating the sustainability of a Country, although this is not easy, considering the interdependencies or interconnections of individual goals with others, and the fact that there are several indicators for each goal. The aims of this research are: (1) to propose a novel interval-based environmental sustainable composite index (ESI) suitable to monitor the worldwide environmental SDGs' implementation at national scale, (2) to solve the problem of missing data in large databases and the subjectivity in computing a composite index (CI), (3) to group and compare statistically countries according to the ESI, and (4) to represent spatially the results to identify areas of the world more or less environmentally sustainable than others. Clustering and Sankey diagrams have supported the temporal and spatial analysis of ESI trends, showing that Canada, Brazil, New Zealand, and several European countries have been the most sustainable in 2019. The novelty of this indicator is that each country presents an ESI central value, the most probable value of the composite indicator, and a range, which represents the uncertainty given by the lower and upper bounds. In this sense, it is possible to better interpret the results of the composite indicator, while simultaneously obtaining a measure of the uncertainty of the results. The composite indicator can be used to monitor countries’ vulnerability towards the unsustainability risk, as well as countries that are not able to escape from a sort of “unsustainability trap”.

Intravital Position Study of the Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Lobe and Superior Poles of the Thyroid Gland.

Background and Objectives: This study analyzes the issues of position dislocation of the head of the superior poles and lateral points of the outer edge of the middle divisions of each of the thyroid lobes (TL) changes. The purpose was to provide an intravital position study of the clinical anatomy of the middle and superior poles of the thyroid gland (TG). Materials and Methods: We used data on anthropometry obtained during the study and data from MRI of the neck organs and anatomical formations of 100 healthy individuals, comprising 55 (55%) female and 45 (45%) male participants. To evaluate the data obtained in the examined group, the minimum probability value was 0.95 (95% confidence interval or p < 0.05). Results: Maximum flexion of the neck the distance from the center of the jugular notch to the lateral points of the outer edge of the middle parts of the TL decreases in all groups of but mostly in male ectomorphs; the same distance to the superior poles of the TG changes most in ectomorphic males on the right by 38.9% (p value < 0.001) and mesomorphic females on the left by 37.8% (p value < 0.001); in rotation to the left, the maximum was found in male ectomorphs, which decreased by 9.5% on the left (p value < 0.001) and by 7.3% on the right (p value < 0.001). Conclusions: this study provided new information about the intravital anatomy of the TG position, of the superior poles, and the lateral points of the middle part of its lobes.

Risk analysis of accident-causing evolution in chemical laboratory based on complex network

Chemical laboratories usually have many high risks from various dangerous chemicals, dangerous devices, and experimental operators involved in the laboratory. Once a severe accident occurs, the accident consequence will significantly impact scientific research innovation and social progress. Aiming at laboratory safety problems, an accident evolution model is established to reveal the critical accident-causing factors and the most likely evolutionary path of accidents in the process of accident evolution. Firstly, the 24 model is used to identify the cause factors of laboratory accidents and the causal relationship between factors. Then, the complex network model of laboratory accident evolution is constructed with accident-causing factors as nodes and causal relationships between factors as edges. Secondly, using the TOPSIS method, four typical complex network characteristic indexes, including degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality, are constructed into a comprehensive evaluation index to reveal the key influencing factors in the accident evolution process. Finally, the fuzzy number is introduced to quantify the uncertainty of the accident evolution path. The most likely evolutionary path is obtained through the Dijkstra and risk entropy theory. Based on the data of 151 laboratory accidents from 2001 to 2022, the accident evolution analysis of chemical laboratories was carried out. The evolution results show that the maximum probability value is the evolution path of fire accidents, and the minimum probability value is the evolution path of electric shock accidents, which accords with the general statistical law of accidents. When applied to the actual laboratory, the safety management level of the laboratory can be effectively improved by controlling the key influencing factors and cutting off the accident evolution path.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIMPLE SUGAR INTAKE AND THE ABDOMINAL CIRCUMFERENCE OF PSSK STUDENTS

The abdominal circumference is dependent upon various factors, one of it is the simple sugar intake. Hence, research has been conducted in order to determine the effects of simple sugar intake on the abdominal circumference because there is an increase in people who have a large abdominal circumference in the past years, mainly due to increase in simple sugar intake. The research was conducted using a descriptive design with a cross-sectional analytical research method amongst the Medical Students of Udayana University by providing questionnaires. For the majority of the students, the simple sugar intake appears to be in the mid-range. There are 15 students, whose intake is more than the mid-range and 14 student whose intake below the mid-range. For majority of students, the abdominal circumference appears to be around the mid-range, 65.8cm to 92.8cm. There are 8 students whose abdominal circumference is more than the mid-range and another 8 students whose abdominal circumference is below the mid-range. The Pearson chi-square test value is 25.772 with an asymptotic significance 2 tailed (often referred to as “p”, short for probability) value of 0.018. Since this p-value is below 0.05, it means there is a significant or valid relationship between the two variables as expected.In conclusion, there is a significant relationship and moderate correlation between the intake of simple sugars and abdominal circumference amongst the PSSK UNUD students

Risk factors for transient ciliochoroidal detachment after goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade

To investigate ciliochoroidal detachment (CCD) frequency and risk factors after performing goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB). The presence of CCD was examined using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography at postoperative day (POD) 1, month 1, and month 2 in 91 eyes of patients who underwent goniotomy with KDB. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured at POD 1, POD 7, month 1 and month 2. A generalized linear mixed model analysis was used to compare the age, gender, axial length, central corneal thickness, surgical procedure (combined or single), operators (K.H. or H.O.), glaucoma type and preoperative IOP between the groups. Factors were selected from the variants when there was a probability value of less than 0.05. CCD was detected in 18 eyes (19.7%) at POD 1. For postoperative IOP, no significant differences were observed between the CCD and non-CCD groups. However, the IOP on POD 1 in the CCD that was associated with the anterior chamber group (7.7 ± 3.0 mmHg) was significantly lower than that in the non-CCD group (15.3 ± 0.9 mmHg) (P = 0.02). Mixed-effects model analysis demonstrated that the surgical procedure (combined) and operator (H.O.) were significantly associated with the higher incidence of CCD. Approximately one-fifth of all eyes exhibited CCD after goniotomy with KDB. Combining cataract surgery and goniotomy with KDB and the intraoperative procedure during the goniotomy with KDB were all found to be risk factors for developing CCD.