Proactive Attitude Research Articles

Workers’ Culture – an Unfinished Project: From Scepticism to Historical Cultural Studies

The research on workers’ culture carried out in Poland from the 1960s to the late 1980s has been recognised in this article as a failure. The author discusses the numerous attempts to conceptualise research programmes and their actual implementation in the fields of sociology, anthropology and the emerging cultural studies. She looks for the sources of their failure, reflecting on its nature and possible causes. She asks whether the failure of the research on workers’ culture was not due to the scepticism of the researchers themselves, who might have overlooked important attempts at demonstrating self-awareness and pro-active attitude on the part of the workers, treating them as politically manipulated and therefore inauthentic. She raises the question about both ideological and methodological reasons behind this stance, the latter having to do with a clash between quantitative research and humanistic orientation. She calls for “preposterous” research (as proposed by Mieke Bal) to be undertaken, which would give a different interpretation of the workers’ various cultural initiatives from today’s perspective. Perhaps this would inspire the creation of a counter-history of workers’ culture.

Integración de la Docencia y la Extensión en el aula de Química

Reconociendo la importancia de los aportes de la Extensión a la formación de profesionales comprometidos con su rol social y de su potencial para otorgar significatividad a los contenidos disciplinares del currículum de las carreras de grado, trayendo un contexto social que les dé sentido y habilite su representación, el presente artículo aborda reflexiones acerca de la necesidad de construir nuevos lazos entre los aportes y propuestas de la Extensión desarrollada en la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y las propuestas de enseñanza. En este marco, se da cuenta de los posicionamientos docentes que sustentaron el diseño de una serie de trabajos prácticos de laboratorio de la asignatura Introducción a la Química. Estos trabajos de laboratorio pretenden motivar el aprendizaje de la Química a través de la búsqueda de posibles soluciones a problemas concretos de la comunidad inmediata, fomentando una actitud proactiva de las/os estudiantes en la elaboración de nuevos saberes en y a través de la práctica. La construcción metodológica puso el eje en propiciar situaciones que promuevan aprendizajes significativos trayendo la Extensión al aula universitaria.

Project-Based Learning in Entrepreneurship Education: a Case Study-Based Analysis of Challenges and Benefits

The Project-Based Learning (PBL) approach to teaching, although well-known, is still little used. However, its fundamental educational value is increasingly often emphasised, consisting of identifying real problems, shaping pro-active attitudes in students, and creating links between educational institutions and various types of external organisation. The article aims to present the challenges and benefits related to the teaching process in PBL based on the analysis of the LINCE project, implemented according to the same methodology simultaneously in Poland, Spain and Italy. Based on the results of the research and the literature review, recommendations are made regarding the possibility of broader use of PBL methodology in entrepreneurship education. The work is based on an exploratory research approach, using qualitative research methodology and case study technigue.

Unaccompanied young people and transition to adulthood: Challenges for child care services

The transition to adult life of unaccompanied foreign minors together with the role of specialised child care services in their caring is one of the least investigated stages of the itinerary on these minors’ migration. The article identifies the challenges and difficulties those specialised services in care of unaccompanied minors face, once their fostering ends. The study design is qualitative exploratory. The fieldwork in a southwestern European region involved working groups with specialised professionals and workshop sessions with unaccompanied foreign minors, coming mainly from the African continent. The results detected three major institutional, contextual and legal difficulties. Programs to support the transition to adult life lack a stable and standardised organisation, with sufficient financial and technical resources. An approach based on the social fabric of the community becomes essential. Finally, a planned transition pathway strongly requires legal (residence permit) and social (education and employment opportunities) supports. The research concludes that the observed local authorities are adopting a proactive position and that the technical relationship spaces for professionals have become a stable good practice.

Psychological Aspects Associated With Fertility Preservation in Oncology: An Exploratory Study.

ObjectiveGonadotoxicity is considered one of the most distressing side effects of cancer treatment. Although fertility preservation can be a valid solution, it also involves a challenging process. A clear understanding of the features of women who decide to pursue fertility preservation after cancer diagnosis is missing. The purpose of the present study was therefore to analyze the personality profile of female patients referred to oncofertility prior to gonadotoxic treatment.MethodsFifty-two female cancer patients took part in the study. The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), the Response Evaluation Measure-71 (REM-71), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y Form (STAI-Y) were administered to examine personality characteristics, defense mechanisms, depression and anxiety symptoms.ResultsCompared with reference data of the Italian population, our sample reported significantly lower scores in Harm Avoidance and trait anxiety, and significantly higher levels of mature defense mechanisms. Most of the patients reported low scores in immature defense mechanisms, depression, and trait anxiety, and medium scores in state anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that these women display functional personality traits and defensive style, in association with low levels of depression and trait anxiety. These features may enable a proactive attitude to cancer and the ability to make long-term plans. This may favor psychological adjustment to cancer and a projection toward the future.

A Look at the History of Biosimilar Adoption: Characteristics of Early and Late Adopters of Infliximab and Etanercept Biosimilars in Subregions of England, Scotland and Wales - A Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundRegions within England, Scotland and Wales show variation in rate of adoption of biosimilar infliximab and etanercept.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine how local decisions and practices in regions within England, Scotland and Wales might explain initial variation in market dynamics of biosimilar and originator infliximab and etanercept.MethodsMarket data provided by the National Health Service (NHS) on biosimilar and originator infliximab and etanercept uptake were analysed for the 10 historical regions of England, 14 health boards in Scotland and 7 health boards in Wales (2015–2018). Findings were discussed in ten semi-structured interviews: on a national level with an industry representative (1), on a regional level with NHS employees in England (6), Scotland (1) and Wales (1), and on a local level with a representative of a clinical commissioning group in England (1).ResultsTenders for infliximab and etanercept in England, Scotland and Wales have consistently resulted in a biosimilar as the best value biological. Early and late biosimilar adopters are seen, with overall convergence towards high biosimilar market shares over time. Qualitative results suggest that biosimilar adoption was positively influenced by (a) a price difference between biosimilar and originator product making it worthwhile to switch patients; (b) a good relationship between commissioner and provider in England resulting in gain share agreements; (c) leadership on biosimilars in regional NHS offices in England or Scottish and Welsh health boards; (d) key opinion leaders or leading hospitals that start using biosimilars early and gain experience.ConclusionsThis study has shown that the savings potential drives biosimilar use. Regions with a proactive attitude, good stakeholder relationships, and clinician engagement were identified as early adopters.

SENAI CIMATEC in the Scnario of Coronavirus Pandemic

The new coronavirus pandemic has posed challenges to the health system, people, and the economy, leading to abrupt social changes. Although the negative economic impact has been huge since the pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization in March 2020, new achievements are being made by industry 4.0 focused on health. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has equipped society with highly potent tools and we must harness their capabilities, where possible, to win this fight. So, COVID-19 accelerates this process and sentences our definitive entry to the fourth Industrial Revolution. In this sense, aligned with industry 4.0, SENAI CIMATEC established a proactive position in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, promoting research, implementing plans, activities, and actions that contemplate both the redirection of the sector’s industries to the health area, as well as the new technologies of industry 4.0. The position of SENAI CIMATEC reaffirms its commitment to society at decisive moments and ensures its efforts in health care against the pandemic.

LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SOCIAL WORKERS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY

The article addresses the problem of professional training of social workers in scientific research activity. The authors substantiated that pedagogic theory and practice lack of comprehensive studies of research technologies for training of professionals in social work. The article aims to specify effective technologies for training of social workers in scientific research activity in tertiary education. Research methods used: analysis of the scientific literature, systematization (with a view to clarifying the key research notions), studying the experience of higher educational institutions in research training of social workers (with a view to defining distinctive features of the process), generalization (with a view to drawing the conclusions). The authors rationalized the research skills of social workers as an important component and an essential feature of professional social work in the current context. Professional development of well-educated, proactive, and highly committed researcher is an absolute precondition for further evolution of the profession aiming at social protection of different groups of population. The authors justified commitment of social worker to scientific research activity as a coherent system of professional and personal features, sound theoretical and methodological knowledge and skills, and proactive personal attitudes to research process, which are reflected in awareness and positive perception of scientific research activity as a component of professionalism. The authors concluded that effective technologies for training of social workers in scientific research activity in tertiary education are as follows: case technology (it enables students to develop specific practical skills through the collective creative discussion based on real situation containing unique practical experience), learning-focused (it enables higher leaning achievements of the students without increase in a volume of learning through the changes in the learning strategies, structure of provided information, and ways of communication), differentiated instruction (providing students with environment which enables each of them to develop abilities to conduct research), development of critical thinking (development of scientific thinking to solve non-trivial expert tasks), project development (enables students to develop their capacities of combining and matching the formal knowledge with the practical experience).

Sustainable growth in times of crisis: L’Oréal Russia

Learning outcomes This study enables to critically assess: what constitutes the consequences of a financial crisis to a multi-national enterprise operating in the emerging market of Russia; the decision-making processes behind crisis management and the corresponding search for informational grounds to be used as decision justification; and the role of sustainable development in times of crisis. Case overview/synopsis During the 2014–2015 financial crisis in Russia, L’Oréal Russia managed to increase growth by 7%–15%, strengthening its place as the market leader in the country. First, the case illustrates the way Antonio, the General Manager of L’Oréal Russia, had successfully approached this situation by learning from the shortcomings of the company’s strategy during the 2007–2008 crisis and deciding to take a proactive position concerning stakeholders. Then, upon recalling his success story, Antonio suddenly found himself at the dawn of yet another crisis caused simultaneously by the COVID-19 outbreak and oil prices drop. In the face of uncertainty regarding the applicability of prior crisis management strategy for the new economic and social reality of Russia, Antonio was worried about whether the company would be able to achieve the 2020 sustainable development goals of L’Oréal by the end of the year. The case dilemma involves choices Antonio faced during mid-March 2020 about strategy formulation based on an adjustment to the expected consumer behavior patterns and possible need to rethink sustainable development goals priority. Complexity academic level This case is appropriate for an undergraduate or graduate-level program curriculum for courses dedicated to or including topics related to crisis management, doing business in emerging markets, corporate social responsibility and consumer behavior. Before engaging with the case, the students should be aware of basic management- and economics-related concepts and terms, such as strategy, sustainable development, CSR and economic crisis. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

Personhood and care in disorders of consciousness. An ontological, patient-centred perspective

People in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/vegetative state or minimally conscious state are characterized by the alteration – or the complete loss – of self-awareness and consciousness of the external environment. According to the functionalist and brain-centred approach, this kind of clinical situations also implies the loss of the moral status of person. This paper critically discusses this perspective and proposes an alternative paradigm of personhood concerning the disorders of consciousness (DOC). After a preliminary analysis, I will compare the function-based approach with the pragmatic perspective, arguing that the latter seems to deal better with the evaluation of the status of personhood in patients with disorders of consciousness, and specifically criticising the functionalist view from both the theoretical and ethical levels. Nevertheless, I will claim that the pragmatic view only works as a provisional approach, falling back into the functionalist perspective once the uncertainty of the clinical diagnosis is resolved or decreased. I will thus propose an ontological personalist approach that avoids the radical separation of the concepts of person and human being, considering personhood as an intrinsic condition of human existence, instead of an emerging property from certain contingent faculties or decisions made by a community of moral subjects. In this sense, the patient with DOC is understood as a human being with some damaged features (rationality, consciousness, self, etc.) but still a person worthy of care and attention precisely because of her/his human nature in a fragile and non-autonomous condition. Moreover, I will argue that such an ontological personalism could guide healthcare professionals towards a proactive attitude for the wellbeing of these patients.

Mental Health and Ethical Issues in Cultural and Organizational Change

Introduction. Human behavior and by extension and organizational behavior becomes intelligible, adaptable and with the possibility of optimization if analyzed from the perspective of development and bio-psychological evolution of the human individual. In his bio-psycho-social evolution, the human individual goes through stages with specific needs, being equipped with specific tools, necessary to satisfy those needs.
 Purpose. The results of the researches in the field of neurosciences, interpreted in epigenetic and psychological key, offer necessary solutions in the optimization and efficiency of the organizational life. On the other hand, new perspectives open up in understanding interpersonal behavior and relationships, with potential for use in organizational dynamics
 Methodology. Each stage of the development of the human brain implies the manifestations of behavior, specific to those stages. The creation of an explanatory model based on the interpretation of the functioning of the human brain and on the analogy between its dynamics and concrete, observable behavior's, deepens the knowledge of the individual on his way to becoming a human being
 Results, Discussion and Conclusion. The concepts of Human Being 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 are closely related to the organization and functioning of the human brain. They describe the type of needs specific to each component level of the brain, needs that determine and motivate human behavior, the rewards associated with their satisfaction, which strengthen behaviors, and the evolutionary hypostasis of human behavior in relation to values and moral principles.
 The experimentation of soft skills takes place only by respecting certain conditions that meet the specific needs of employees but especially by ensuring the framework of manifestation of Human being 3.0 through self-control of intention, proactive attitude and building a moral architecture to guarantee its achievement

A STUDY ON THE LEARNING BELIEFS OF CHINESE AS A SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR ENGLISH MAJORED STUDENTS OF BANKING UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY

The research surveyed the learning beliefs of Chinese as a second foreign language for English majored students of Banking University Ho Chi Minh city. Based on the theory of beliefs in foreign language learning by Horwitz (1985), we conducted a questionnaire survey with 177 students. The questionnaire results indicate that: firstly, Chinese is relatively easy to learn; secondly, children have better language learning capacity than adults; third, focus on phonetics, vocabulary and culture, not grammar; fourth, learning Chinese is useful for yourself. Female students focus on phonetics more than male students. Second-year students focus on phonetics more than third-year students, but not more grammar like third-year students. Unlike students from the central region, students from the northern and southern regions said that they must come to China to learn Chinese. The belief that "Chinese language is easy to learn", the confident and proactive attitude of using Chinese language has a positive impact on students' learning results.

MAS-Based Interaction Simulation within Asymmetric Information on Emergency Management of Urban Rainstorm Disaster

The frequent occurrence of urban waterlogging constantly affects resident living and urban construction. Improved adaptive prevention and control strategies are highly requested due to huge economic losses and casualties caused by flood and waterlogging in China. The urban waterlogging may evolve into a serious emergency, generally characterized by high complexity, uncertainty, and time pressure. Coupled with the asymmetric information, waterlogging often exacerbates the impact of urban rainstorm disasters. Through the multi-agent system simulation with given geographic information, government and residents interact under dynamic risk distribution in rainstorm disaster. The results show that the proactive attitude of residents and the government towards disaster relief could have a promoting effect for both, thereby increasing the disaster relief efficiency. Obviously, rapid accurate information collection and analysis facilitate disaster relief to a large extent. Meanwhile, appropriate supply rather than excessive supply may mobilize residents’ self-help and balance replenishment of relief supplies.

Impact of predictive, preventive and precision medicine strategies in epilepsy.

Over the last decade, advances in genetics, neuroimaging and EEG have enabled the aetiology of epilepsy to be identified earlier in the disease course than ever before. At the same time, progress in the study of experimental models of epilepsy has provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the condition and has enabled the identification of therapies that target specific aetiologies. We are now witnessing the impact of these advances in our daily clinical practice. Thus, now is the time for a paradigm shift in epilepsy treatment from a reactive attitude, treating patients after the onset of epilepsy and the initiation of seizures, to a proactive attitude that is more broadly integrated into a 'P4 medicine' approach. This P4 approach, which is personalized, predictive, preventive and participatory, puts patients at the centre of their own care and, ultimately, aims to prevent the onset of epilepsy. This aim will be achieved by adapting epilepsy treatments not only to a given syndrome but also to a given patient and moving from the usual anti-seizure treatments to personalized treatments designed to target specific aetiologies. In this Review, we present the current state of this ongoing revolution, emphasizing the impact on clinical practice.

WAGES AND ATTITUDES OF MEDICAL SPECIALISTS TO VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND LABOUR MOBILITY

In the health care sector, due to a long cycle of accumulation of human capital, a change of profession often leads to a disruption of this cycle. Therefore, stable employment in the workplace for medical specialists is preferable and should be accompanied by permanent qualification growth within the framework of the profession. Labour mobility to a large extent contradicts this process. One of its most powerful incentives is dissatisfaction with earnings, and this article presents an analysis of the impact of this dissatisfaction on readiness for vocational and labour mobility, based on a questionnaire survey of doctors and nurses of Moscow health care system. A reference group of specialists with proactive attitude towards vocational and professional growth has been singled out. Its assessments of satisfaction with the size of earnings and with correspondence between earnings and labour contribution showed that the dissatisfaction with the inadequacy of earnings is widely spread. This dissatisfaction relates to both base salary and incentive payments against labour contribution. An increase in base salary and in incentive payments together with a simultaneous increase in the share of incentive payments should be the basis for adjusting the wage system. A more accurate accounting of the workload (which has grown as a result of optimization) in earnings is also relevant for paramedical personnel. Should the authorities fail to do this, the undesirable staff turnover, which is already high, may increase even further.

Long-term evaluation of proactive attitudes toward disaster education in Nepal

This study proposes a change in the approach to evaluating disaster risk reduction (DRR) education from short-term knowledge transfer to a long-term action-oriented approach. Furthermore, the study recommends introducing a chronological and progressive evaluation method that follows learners in DRR education from the beginning, rather than evaluating retrospectively. Thus, the study discusses the strong tendency in the literature toward the short-term knowledge-transfer evaluation paradigm and its problems from two viewpoints: inconsistency between what is evaluated and what needs to be achieved, and dissociation of knowledge from action. Three studies on long-term evaluation have solved these problems; however, they did not evaluate how the proactive attitude grows and is evoked. Thus, this study describes the chronological development of a DRR education exchange program between Nepalese and Japanese students and the progressive change in attitude of Nepalese students from 2001 to 2015. It was revealed that the education contributed to fostering the learners' proactive attitude, which they maintained even after graduation. The learners promoted the construction of earthquake-resistant houses in their village and contributed to decreasing structural damage sustained from the 2015 earthquake. More importantly, the study clarified that the learners’ attitudes evolved to become proactive, and that this proactive attitude was maintained for more than 10 years throughout three phases: educational, participation, and independent action. The study recommends that researchers change their approach to evaluating DRR education to a long-term action-oriented approach. Accumulation of data for long-term action-oriented evaluation leads to the ability to explore an effective education methodology that fosters a proactive attitude in learners.

Exploring the role of healthcare organisations in increasing women's participation in breast-screening in the United Arab Emirates.

The study explored the role of healthcare organisations in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, in improving women's breast cancer awareness and screening participation in a multi-cultural society. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight representatives from five healthcare organisations involved in breast cancer campaigns in RAK including hospitals, clinics, and universities. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The organisations' campaigns focused on breast cancer awareness, providing free doctor consultations or clinical breast examinations, and where possible, offering free or subsidised screening or health checks. Breast campaigns and free screening were often limited to October, breast cancer awareness month, but breast screening clinics held more frequent awareness campaigns year-round to focus on increasing screening participation. Collaboration between institutions helped strengthen campaigns along with multiple advertising mediums to reach more women. The representatives believed that campaigns have resulted in greater breast cancer awareness and proactive attitudes among women. There were a variety of strategies used in breast cancer campaigns in RAK, and the involvement of nurses and collaboration between organisations can help strengthen breast cancer campaigns.

BIBLIOTERAPIA E MEIOS DIGITAIS EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19

Este artigo reflete sobre a relevância da extensão em tempos de crise como um espaço de multiplicação de cuidados e de estímulo à resiliência. Objetiva descrever um relato de experiência de extensão em tempos de COVID-19 e analisar o efeito de reversibilidade da ação que visa promover a resiliência por meio da biblioterapia e, por consequência, causa nos mediadores uma atitude proativa, de atos solidários e de alteridade. A metodologia dialógica e interativa revela-se como reversível alcançando mediadores de leitura e público na promoção do bem estar e da catarse em meio ao caos. As conclusões revelam um upgrade na motivação dos mediadores, maior intensidade e compreensão da relevância de ações extensionistas como espaço de alteridade e compromisso social, político e afetivo com a comunidade assistida.

Cirugía hepática extrema: tomar una actitud proactiva para mejorar la evolución postoperatoria inmediata

Cirugía hepática extrema: tomar una actitud proactiva para mejorar la evolución postoperatoria inmediata

CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING - PRIORITY OF TEACHING STAFF

The article covers the issue of continuous professional training of teachers, which is a complex, coherent process, aimed at ensuring the permanent adaptation of teachers to the dynamics of education processes and systems, promoting a proactive attitude, specific to a lifelong learning horizon. The research paper specifies the defining characteristics of the continuous professional training process, describes the principles and objectives of continuous teacher training, determines the content, methodology, forms of continuous teacher training, and elucidates the trends in continuous professional training of teachers.