Pro-poor Tourism Research Articles

Impact of standard cuisine practices in tourism in Rajasthan

To reposition Rajasthan as a preferred tourism destination for both domestic as well as international tourists by offering tourists a high-quality experience, and through responsible and sustainable policies ensuring conservation of natural, historical and cultural heritage of the State while simultaneously accelerating socio- economic development by improving livelihood opportunities for the local population. Rajasthani Cuisine will be promoted through food festivals and developing gourmet cuisine trails. Experiments such as Masala Chowk, Jaipur may be replicated in other cities of the State. In present day’s it is worldwide recognized that if, culinary tourism rises in a planned and application in appropriately, then it became an effective tool to reduce the poverty in the local society. In this paper it is augmented that it becomes a significance thought of dimension of new ―Pro Poor Tourism‖. The main aim of this paper is too placed upon the weaker section of the society and creating the revenue aspect for the weaker section of the society to opt the standards practices for the culinary tourism at urban and rural areas of Rajasthan.

Pro-poor tourism and income distribution in the second-tier provinces in Thailand

ABSTRACT In Thailand, promoting tourism in 55 second-tier (non-major) tourism provinces is a recent policy tool for reducing poverty and income inequality. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model linked with socio-economic household survey data shows that increasing domestic and foreign tourism demand in 22 first-tier tourism provinces can reduce the poverty rate, but overall national income inequality increases. However, increasing domestic tourism in the second-tier tourism provinces can slightly decrease income inequality. The model results also show that government collection and redistribution of new tourism-generated tax revenue to the 40% of poorest households significantly diminishes poverty and inequality.

Tourism and poverty alleviation in Tibet, China: the role of government in enhancing local linkages

ABSTRACT This study analyses the formation mechanism, poverty alleviation effects of local linkages, and examines the different agencies involved in shaping linkages in the Tibet Autonomous Region to understand local linkages in pro-poor tourism. A local linkage analysis framework composed of forward and backward linkages is developed from a value chain perspective. Research findings revealed the key role of governmental intervention in promoting diverse linkages, primarily forward local linkages. These linkages enable residents to occupy an active position in the tourism value chain, with improved participation and income in the tourism industry with the eventual outcome of poverty alleviation.

Pro-Poor Tourism's Evolution and Implications Arising from the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Building on David Harrison's critique of the concept, this essay describes the emergence of pro-poor tourism as a banner for development interventions focusing on poverty reduction. It reviews the application of the approach in practice, including through community-based tourism and encouraging the sector to benefit the poor through equity, employment and supply chains. Two decades on, while researchers continue to apply the term development agendas now seldom do – preferring focus on sustainable tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals. The COVID-19 pandemic has starkly revealed how important tourism had been to rural people's incomes, and the devastating effects when visitors disappeared. Resilient tourism enterprises have exhibited diverse products and income streams, and ethical operators have endeavoured to sustain livelihoods staff. Hence, although terminology has evolved, the pro-poor tourism mantra continues to provide a valuable lens through which to prioritise net-benefits to vulnerable members of societies.

An Exploratory Approach to Pro-Poor Tourism and Poverty Alleviation of Some Selective Tourism Destinations in Bangladesh

An Exploratory Approach to Pro-Poor Tourism and Poverty Alleviation of Some Selective Tourism Destinations in Bangladesh

Framing Effects of Messages and Images on the Willingness to Pay for Pro-Poor Tourism Products

Pro-poor tourism (PPT) strategies enable the poor to benefit from tourism. This study applies economic and marketing theories in the exploration of PPT. It investigates behavioral economics in tourism by evaluating the framing effects of marketing materials on tourists’ willingness to pay for PPT products. It integrates framing and persuasion theories in the PPT domain and follows a 2 × 3 factorial between-subjects design. Strong messages alone and weak messages with positive or negative images are found to lead to greater willingness to pay. More than half of the study’s respondents were willing to pay more if certain fees went directly to the poor. Different framing effects were found between a tour focused on participation and a tour focused on capacity strategies.

COVID-19 – What is the Impact for Tourism as a Vehicle of SMME Development and Incentivizing Environmental Management in South Africa?

The tourism sector is regarded as a modern-day engine of growth and has significant potential to serve as a vehicle for socio-economic upliftment. Evidence also illustrates the potential that pro-poor tourism has for incentivising natural capital protection and ecosystem restoration. This paper explores the impact of the decline in global tourism, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, on incentivising environmental management. This is analysed in conjunction with emerging literature on the impact of environmental degradation on exacerbating risks of zoonotic diseases such as Covid-19. A causal loop diagram was developed to map the system and reflect its structure and functioning and capture interactions. The behaviour of the system was used to explore the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on SMME development. This informed the re-examination of the key constraints identified as currently limiting development and growth of pro-poor tourism SMMEs. The results re-emphasise the tourism sector’s vested interest in investing in the protection of natural capital and restoration of degraded ecosystems. It highlights the need for the sector to act collectively to support recovery from Covid-19, and build resilience by developing a strategic vision for tourism that is more sustainable and equitable, and balances the needs of people and the environment.

Pro-Poor tourism strategies in local communities in Uganda: A case study of lake Bunyonyi in Kabale district

The study examined the effectiveness of pro-poor tourism strategies on local communities in Uganda taking a case study of the Lake Bunyonyi tourist area. Using a descriptive research design, data was collected from a total of 120 community members with the aid of questionnaires. Interviews were also conducted on 10 key informants. The study found that pro-poor tourism strategies that are aimed at enhancing economic benefits to the poor are generally moderately effective as established by the composite mean. This is because the tourism enterprises have employed locals within their ranks, created opportunities for the informal sector and small businesses, boosted household income through home projects such as poultry rearing, bee keeping and fish farming. However, this has been undermined by failure by the enterprises to increased access to market opportunities indirectly to tourism enterprises and to increase community access to investment funds, loans, and micro credit schemes. The study also found that pro-poor tourism strategies that are aimed at enhancing non-financial benefits to the poor are generally moderately effective The strategies have really not succeeded as such in enhancing other non-economic livelihood benefits like; increasing access to health care, health care education for example reproductive health, HIV and malaria prevention; increasing local access to infrastructure and services for example roads, running water, internet, and telephones and improving environmental support. The study found that pro-poor tourism strategies that are aimed at enhancing community participation and partnership are generally moderately effective. The strategies have not fully succeeded in enhancing the participation and involvement of the poor in tourist activities. The study concluded that the pro-poor tourism strategies are only moderately effective in improving the economic benefits to the community, in enhancing non-economic benefits and enhancing of community participation and partnership of the poor in tourist activities.

Path dependence in pro-poor tourism

Path dependence in pro-poor tourism

Proposing a Conceptual Framework for Ecotourism Based on Pro-Poor Tourism Strategy in Lechang City, Guangdong Province

Proposing a Conceptual Framework for Ecotourism Based on Pro-Poor Tourism Strategy in Lechang City, Guangdong Province

E-tourism: How ICTs Help the Local Tourist District Drive Economic Vitality. The Case of Campania, Italy

The purpose of the study is to answer to the following Research Question (RQ): “What are the perception and the application of ICTs for e-tourism in different LTDs in Campania?” To answer the RQ a qualitative study was done with a questionnaire to 144 managers of Local Tourist Districts (LTDs) in Campania, Italy. The questionnaire was summited in 2017. The acquired data were processed using the factor analyses. The study of the region’s 12 LTDs allowed for the identification of three district typologies i.e. three homogeneous groups. The one, defined as proactive, exhibited positive results thanks to the skills and competencies of its managers. By contrast, despite the wealth of attractions, the other districts did not fare as well mostly due to management inadequacies and organizational culture. The research was limited to only 12 LTDs located in Italy. Possible measures to address operational and cultural problems in the region have been identified in implementation of ITCs’ applications to foster e-tourism and the local entrepreneurial ecosystem as well as the accumulation of knowledge to enhance the awareness of the education as a strategic factor [ Masele , J. J. ( 2015 ). Towards e-commerce use for pro-poor tourism promotion: Local providers’ ICT training needs in Tanzania. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 12(4), 1550020]. Moreover, at the national and international level, other strategic elements can be identified in: analysis of good practices and cross contamination of proactive district managers with the participated and insensitive district managers.It is the first research paper on the Campania districts since their inception. The analysis of the phenomenon may be extended to other countries too.

Pro-Poor Tourism and Local Practices: An Empirical Study of an Autonomous County in China

Pro-poor tourism increases net benefits for the poor or directs profits back into the community by employing local staff and manufacturing. Existing studies have provided a theoretical understanding of how pro-poor tourism can produce environmental, economic, social, and cultural impacts. Little research has been conducted on the power dynamics that are specific to pro-poor tourism, especially in developing countries. This study contributes to pro-poor tourism theory from an operation-level perspective by addressing the alignment and coordination of three stakeholders—local governments, tourism enterprises, and community residents—involved in implementing pro-poor tourism in an ethnic, autonomous county in southern China. The results indicate that in the absence of effective cooperation between the three major stakeholders in strategic tourism development aimed at poverty alleviation, substantially greater benefits will not be delivered to the poor. The findings of this study offer important insights into the roles that stakeholders could play at various stages of sustainable development in the long run. This study can also provide useful information to governments for policy replacements and adjustments.

Research on the Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of China’s Antipoverty (Pro-Poor Tourism) on GIS

Eliminating poverty is the common mission of all mankind, and it is also an important task faced by many countries. Pro-poor tourism villages are an active attempt by China to use rural tourism to escape poverty. This paper aims to provide theoretical support for consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and achieving comprehensive poverty alleviation and to provide a scientific basis for policy formulation by using GIS spatial analysis to study the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 22,651 pro-poor tourism villages in China. The findings revealed that the spatial distribution of pro-poor tourism villages is roughly divided by the Hu line. Pro-poor tourism villages show an uneven agglomeration pattern and present a spatial pattern of dense southeast and sparse northwest with six high-density core areas, among which some cities in the southwest are H-H agglomeration areas. Specifically, topography, annual rainfall, endowment of tourism resources, location transportation, and policy orientation are important factors affecting the spatial distribution of pro-poor tourism villages.

HOW CHINA’S TOURISM ASSISTING THE POOR POLICIES STRENGTHEN TOURISM-POVERTY LINK

Poverty eradication has been listed as SDG1 in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China has fulfilled SDG1 ten years ahead of the schedule in 2020. Tourism has played a significant role in poverty alleviation in China owing to the formulation and implementation of Tourism-assisting Poverty Policies (TAPPs), which is a typical example of pro-poor tourism (PPT) initiative in developing countries. However, the international academic circles have little knowledge of how TAPPs have made tourism a major poverty alleviation means that can be perceived by identifying the match of TAPP targets and TAPP instruments since 1980’s. This study is based on the Rothwell ‘s policy tool taxonomy that proposes a theoretical framework of TAPP targets-TAPP instruments and analyzes the evolution and distribution characteristics of policy tools in 64 Chinese national TAPP texts from 1984 to 2020. It’s found that the TAPP tool mix mainly consists of environmental policies, supply-side policies besides the less proportion of demand-side policies. Legal and regulatory, financial, public service and project development are the policy tools most frequently employed to achieve TAPP targets over time. The TAPP evolution follows the path from boosting regional economic development to promoting endogenous poverty alleviation capabilities in rural areas, which is consistent with the phased goals of Chinese tourism development strategies and poverty alleviation programs. This study aims to fill in the lack of the international academic community’s understanding of Chinese TAPPs’ role in pushing tourism to play a major role in poverty alleviation and generate fresh insight into the dynamics of policy instrument and mix. It provides reference for China’s efforts to consolidate the poverty alleviation achievements through tourism and sustain TAPPs’ positive role in China’s rural revitalization.

Konstruksi Realitas Makam Dewi Sekardadu dalam Komunikasi Pariwisata Pro-Poor di Sidoarjo

This study aims to determine the construction of reality carried out by the community against the tomb of Dewi Sekardadu as pro-poor tourism development. This research method is qualitative with the Peter L. Berger phenomenological approach. The results showed that there was a construction of reality carried out through three stages (externalization, objectivation, internalization). In the externalization, the stakeholders emphasized the Islamic side of Dewi Sekardadu. The objective reality of Dewi Sekardadu as an Islamic figure was accepted by the whole community because they got primary socialization from the family. Secondary socialization of Dewi Sekardau's tomb as a tourism commodity occurs when the community is mature. Due to a lack of knowledge, existing tourism support facilities cannot be maximized by most people. They still work as keepers of fish ponds and river fishermen due to the lack of socialization and training in tourism management from the government.

The measure of poverty alleviation efficiency of tourism and spatiotemporal differentiation in Southwest China according to DEA-malmquist approach

To describe the pro-poor tourism efficiency and spatial-temporal features, this paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Malmquist index and ArcGIS to analyze the data of Southwest China from 2012 to 2019. The results show that there are significant regional differences in the efficiency of targeted poverty alleviation of tourism in Southwest China, and the efficiency value increases from Sichuan to the surrounding areas, and the overall pattern is “high in the middle and low in the surrounding areas”; the tourism industry in some regions is in the stage of transformation and development, and the carrying capacity of tourism resources is insufficient; The overall efficiency of poverty alleviation in Southwest China is on the rise Tourism income in Guizhou has a weak driving force to increase the income of the poor. This paper shows the overall evolution of the poverty alleviation efficiency of tourism in Southwest China under the promotion of economic development and government in the past 10 years driven, and empirically demonstrates the poverty alleviation efficiency of Southwest China promoted by the government to win the battle of poverty alleviation in 2020. It provides a perspective and method to analyze the efficiency of government-driven tourism poverty alleviation.

A Different Perspective to Rural Development Approach: Pro-Poor Tourism and Elazıg Case

Küreselleşme politikalarının uygulamaları sonucunda ortaya çıkan ve giderek artan bir şekilde devam eden ve ekonomik bunalımlar ile kendini hissettiren yoksulluk problemi tüm dünyada özellikle dezavantajlı gruplardaki bireyler üzerinde olumsuz etkisini göstermektedir. Yerküre üzerinde yoksul halkın %70’i kırsal alanlarda hayatlarını devam ettirmektedir. Yoksulluk sorunu bu insanları şiddetli bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda ortaya atılan Yoksul-Yanlısı Turizm Yaklaşım Modeli, kırsaldaki yoksulluk sorununa çözüm getirmeyi, kalkınmasını sağlayamayan bölge ve mekanların turizm potansiyelini aktif hale getirmeyi ve bu bölgelerde farkındalık sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Elazığ ilinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile Yoksul-Yanlısı Turizm Yaklaşım Modelinin burada uygulanabilirliği sayesinde kırsal kalkınma politikasına farklı bir bakış açısı getirmektir. Elazığ ilinde uygulanan anket çalışması ile yoksulluk problemine turizmin katkı sunacağı, sektörün geliştirilmesi sonucunda ivme gösteren bir sektör olacağına yönelik bulgular saptanmıştır. Turizm ile ilgili gerekli envanter, yatırım ve tanıtım faaliyetleri sonucunda turizm sektörünün çarpan etkisinden Elazığ ilinin faydalanılacağını söylemek mümkündür.

Ethnic Villagers’ Sense of Benefit in Pro-poor Tourism: A Case of Taoping Qiang Village in Sichuan, China

ABSTRACT Studies empirically examining the sense of benefit in the tourism field were limited. Based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews, this study investigated the ethnics’ sense of pro-poor tourism benefit of Taoping Qiang Village in Sichuan province in China. Results indicate that the ethnics’ sense of benefit in aspects of living standards, social development, community atmosphere, and traditional culture have maintained a good state. In contrast, the personal growth and ethnics’ equal right elements need to be further enhanced. Also, the specific factors affecting the sense of benefit were identified, including the level of per capita household income, the perfection of village infrastructure, the changes of villagers’ employment opportunities, the popularity of villagers to tourists, villagers’ sense of identity with traditional culture and the transparency in the use of poverty alleviation funds. This study introduces the political concept of ‘sense of benefit’ into the field of tourism. It fills a literature gap in the pro-poor tourism academic research that relates to Chinese ethnic villages and residents.

Tourism and poverty in rural South Africa: A revisit

Debates about the value of pro-poor tourism indicated a need to revisit the links between the dynamics of tourism and hospitality enterprises and community poverty in rural South African towns. The numbers of tourism and hospitality enterprises in these towns are related to population numbers by a power law with a sub-linear exponent. The residents of smaller South African towns are more dependent on the tourism and hospitality sector than are the residents of larger towns. Measurement of the enterprise dependency indices (EDIs) of these towns provides a valid measurement of their wealth/poverty states. Their EDIs are directly and negatively associated with the strength of their tourism and hospitality sectors. Communities in towns with more tourist and hospitality enterprises are overall wealthier, and vice versa. This finding contrasts with a previous view about tourism and poverty reduction in South Africa. Debates about the benefits of pro-poor tourism should include information about the impact of tourism on community wealth/poverty. The EDI is a simple, yet powerful, measure to provide poverty information. Expressing the number of tourism and hospitality enterprises per 1000 residents of towns enables comparisons of towns of different population sizes. Based on ideas of the ‘new geography of jobs’, it is clear that tourism is part of what is called the traded sector and results in inflows of external money into local economies. Tourism is a driver of prosperity and a reducer of poverty in South African towns.
 
 Significance:
 
 The application of different quantitative techniques demonstrates enterprise orderliness in the tourism and hospitality sector of towns in semi-arid South Africa.
 Smaller towns are particularly dependent on the tourism sector. Analyses indicate that tourism strength decreases overall community poverty.
 Leadership provided by individuals and location of towns can contribute to tourism success and poverty reduction.
 Community wealth/poverty should form part of the pro-poor tourism debate.

Pro-poor Tourism: a New Tourism Policy in China for Poverty Alleviation

Poverty reduction is now a major issue for developing countries to focus on and whose success, or otherwise, will directly affect upon the achievement of development of the nation. China has made significant advances in poverty reduction since the launch of its reform and open policy in 1978, however, the poverty issue is still obviously present. The Central government of China launched a new strategic plan for poverty alleviation called ‘precision poverty alleviation’ in 2015. It is aimed at taking targeted measures for poverty alleviation. Moreover, most of the poverty regions overlap the famous tourism resources, which offer the best opportunity for the tourism industry to be involved in this new poverty alleviation strategy. This paper mainly focusses on pro-poor tourism as a new tourism policy for precision poverty alleviation. Specifically, this paper is divided into three themes based on the focus topic. The first theme overviews poverty alleviation in China, the processing period and the gap between the previous strategy and the poverty alleviation situation. The second theme describes the importance of pro-poor tourism for precision poverty alleviation, and explores the development model. The last theme offers academic discussion and future predictions related to this new tourism policy for precision poverty alleviation in China