Pro-oxidant Parameters Research Articles

Impact of Nuts Consumption on Antioxidant Status and Pro-Oxidant Parameters in Healthy Human Volunteers

The aim of the current research was to study the effect of consumption of a mixture of almond and pistachio on antioxidants and pro-oxidants levels in healthy human volunteers. This dietary intervention study was carried out during the period from February to March, 2013 on a total of 48 apparently healthy males students from Military Academy / Zakho, Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Blood samples were withdrawn from all volunteer who were living in a controlled environment and analyzed for the determination of serum antioxidants, pro-oxidants. Parameters were obtained at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks after daily consumption of 50 gm. of a mixture of almond and pistachio. The results of the current study demonstrated that daily consumption of 50 g of almond and pistachio mixture for 3-6 weeks, significantly increased (P<0.05-0.005) the levels of total antioxidant, Ceruloplasmin, Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione reductase. On the other hand, the levels of the pro-oxidants Malonaldehyde and Peroxy- nitrite were significantly decreased (P<0.005) after 6 weeks of nuts consumption compared to the control. From this dietary intervention trial, it can be concluded that almonds and pistachio mixture improved anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants status compared with those of the healthy volunteers.

The Antioxidant Effect of Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Physical activity has been associated with reduced oxidative stress (OS) in observational studies and clinical trials. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials was to determine the effect of physical exercise on OS parameters. We conducted a systematic review of the literature up to March 2016 that included the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. A keyword combination referring to exercise training and OS was included as part of a more thorough search process. We also manually searched the reference lists of the articles. From an initial 1573 references, we included 30 controlled trials (1346 participants) in the qualitative analysis, 19 of which were included in the meta-analysis. All trials were conducted in humans and had at least one exercise intervention and a paired control group. Using a standardized protocol, two investigators independently abstracted data on study design, sample size, participant characteristics, intervention, follow-up duration, outcomes, and quantitative data for the meta-analysis. Thus, the investigators independently assigned quality scores with a methodological quality assessment (MQA). The agreement level between the reviewers was 85.3%. Discrepancies were solved in a consensus meeting. The MQA showed a total score in the quality index between 40 and 90% and a mean quality of 55%. Further, in a random-effects model, data from each trial were pooled and weighted by the inverse of the total variance. Physical training was associated with a significant reduction in pro-oxidant parameters (standard mean difference [SMD] -1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.57 to -0.58; p<0.001) and an increase in antioxidant capacity (SMD 1.45; 95% CI 0.83-2.06; p<0.001). The pooled analysis revealed that regardless of intensity, volume, type of exercise, and studied population, the antioxidant indicators tended to increase and pro-oxidant indicators tended to decrease after training. Therefore, we conclude that exercise training seems to induce an antioxidant effect. Thus, it is suggested that people practice some kind of exercise to balance the redox state, regardless of their health status, to improve health-related outcomes.

Grape seed oil: a potential functional food?

Grape seed oil (GSO) is not often consumed in Brazil and little is known of its nutritional value. Around the world there are already studies that point to the high levels of minority bioactive compounds and their relation to health benefits. The main constituent of GSO is linoleic fatty acid, some works are controversial and there is no consensus in literature regarding their effect on the animal organism. Thus, this study aimed to present a review of GSO and show the potential health effects of its major components, not only linoleic acid, but also γ-tocotrienol and β-sitosterol, and finally, their influence on lipid-modulating, anti and pro oxidative parameters.

Trastuzumab-based chemotherapy modulates systemic redox homeostasis in women with HER2-positive breast cancer.

Trastuzumab is an immunotargeting therapeutic against breast tumors with amplification of the human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). HER2 patients naturally exhibit disruption in the pro-oxidant inflammatory profiling; however, the impact of trastuzumab-based chemotherapy in modulating this process is still unknown. Here we determined the systemic pro-inflammatory profile of women diagnosed with HER2-amplified tumors, undergoing trastuzumab-based chemotherapy (TZ), and compared the results with that of healthy controls (CTR) and untreated patients with HER2-amplified breast cancer (CA). The plasmatic inflammatory profile was assessed by evaluating pro-oxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TRAP), levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), nitric oxide (NO), C-reactive protein (CRP), and total thiol content. Markers of cardiac damage were also assessed. Our findings showed increased NO levels in TZ than that in either CA or CTR groups. Furthermore, TZ augmented TRAP and reduced total thiol than that of the CA group. Our data also revealed that AOPP levels were significantly higher in the TZ than the CA group. AOPP and the MB fraction of creatine-kinase (CKMB) levels were positively correlated in TZ patients. These findings suggest that trastuzumab-associated chemotherapy can modulate the pro-inflammatory markers of HER2-positive breast cancer patients to the levels found in healthy controls.

Effect of sodium selenite on chosen anti- and pro-oxidative parameters in rats treated with lithium: A pilot study

BackgroundSelenium is an essential element of antioxidant properties. Lithium is widely used in medicine but its administration can cause numerous side effects including oxidative stress. The present study aimed at evaluating if sodium selenite could influence chosen anti- and pro-oxidant parameters in rats treated with lithium. MethodsThe experiment was performed on four groups of Wistar rats: I (control) – treated with saline; II (Li) – treated with lithium (2.7mgLi/kg b.w. as Li2CO3), III (Se) – treated with selenium (0.5mgSe/kg b.w. as Na2SeO3), IV (Li+Se) – treated with Li2CO3 and Na2SeO3 together at the same doses as in group II and III, respectively. All treatments were performed by stomach tube for three weeks in form of water solutions. The following anti- and pro-oxidant parameters: total antioxidant status (TAS) value, catalase (CAT) activity, concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in plasma as well as whole blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured. ResultsSelenium given alone markedly enhanced whole blood GPx and diminished plasma CAT vs. control. Lithium significantly decreased plasma CAT and slightly increased AA vs. control. Selenium co-administration restored these parameters to the values observed in control animals. Furthermore, selenium co-administration significantly increased GPx in Li-treated rats. All other parameters (TAS, SOD and MDA) were not affected by lithium and/or selenium. ConclusionFurther research seems to be warranted to decide if application of selenium as an adjuvant in lithium therapy is worth considering.

An assay for pro-oxidant reactivity based on phenoxyl radicals generated by laccase

A transient species may be detected with UV–vis and EPR spectroscopy during turnover of a laccase with quercetin; this species is assigned as a quercetin-derived radical, based on EPR spectra as well the observed UV–vis similarities (a 540nm centred band) with previously reported data. The rates of formation and decay of this species correlate well (r=0.9946) with the pro-oxidant reactivity manifested by flavonoids in the presence of laccase. An assay for the pro-oxidant reactivity of natural products is hence proposed based on the results reported here; its application is demonstrated for a series of pure compounds as well as for several propolis extracts. This assay has the advantages of using a biologically relevant process (haemoglobin oxidation), and not requiring the addition of oxidising agents such as peroxide or superoxide. Correlations, or the lack thereof, between the pro-oxidant parameters and the redox potentials, antioxidant capacities and lipophilicities, were analysed. The laccase employed in our study does display reactivity-related similarities to a range of other proteins, including human plasma ceruloplasmin.

Distal Venous Arterialization and Reperfusion Injury: Focus on Oxidative Status

In patients with unreconstructable arterial occlusive disease distal venous arterialization (DVA) seems to be a promising option in the treatment. The goals of this prospective study were to assess clinical efficiency and possible impact of DVA on tissue damage by estimating oxidative status of patients with critical limb ischemia treated with this procedure. The subjects were 60 randomized patients: 30 were undergoing DVA and 30 were treated with antiaggregation therapy. During the mean follow-up period (6.13 ± 4.32 months for DVA vs. 6.74 ± 0.5 months for antiaggregation therapy) survival (p < 0.01), limb salvage (p < 0.001), pain relief (p < 0.001) and wound healing (p < 0.001) rates were significantly different between the two groups of patients in favor of the DVA group. Ten minutes after declamping we observed a decreasing trend in the lactate level in the blood of the deep venous system (p < 0.001). Also, on postoperative day 7 digital systolic pressure and digital-brachial index were higher than before the operation (p < 0.001). In blood samples collected immediately before and successively at 1, 3, 5 and 10 min postoperatively, prooxidative status (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, O₂^–, H₂O₂ and nitric oxide) and antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) were determined spectrophotometrically. Using the nonparametric Friedman test, we noted statistically nonsignificant differences (p > 0.05) in values of both prooxidative parameters and enzymes of the antioxidative defense system, before and successively at 1, 3, 5 and 10 min after operation. These results indicate that there was no statistically significant reperfusion injury after revascularization, which could have been expected after this surgical procedure, thus confirming its validity in these patients.

Combined effect of antioxidant supplementation and resistance training on oxidative stress markers, muscle and body composition in an elderly population.

This study was aimed to examine the effect of vitamin C/E intake alone or combined with resistance training on antioxidant/pro-oxidant status, muscle strength and body composition in an elderly population. Fifty-seven men and women with a mean age of 65.6 ± 3.8 years were recruited and randomized in a double-blind fashion into four groups: control-placebo; resistance training (RT); vitamins C/E supplementation (AS); AS+RT. Oxidative stress status and metabolic and lipid profiles were determined at baseline and after six months. Fat-free mass and fat mass measured by DXA were similar at baseline for all groups. At six month, there was a significant difference among the groups as a function of vitamin E supplementation. Moreover, although there was no effect on pro-oxidative parameters, a significant effect on body composition was noted, but no difference was noted on strength gain. The combination of RT+AS had a positive effect on the plasma antioxidant profile but not on the pro-oxidant status.

Antioxidative and Pharmacological Effects of Silymarin

Event Abstract Back to Event Antioxidative and Pharmacological Effects of Silymarin Raskovic Aleksandar1*, Stilinovic Nebojsa1, Mikov Momir1, Samojlik Isidora1 and Milijasevic Boris1 1 University of Novi Sad, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Clinical Pharmacology, Serbia Introduction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of silymarin and doxorubicin on the liver and myocardium function in rats. Methods. White laboratory rats of Wistar type were used in this experiment. They were treated with saline, 1ml/kg, orally (KN, n=8), olive oil 1ml/kg, orally (KU, n=8), silymarin, 60mg/kg, orally, every day, (S, n=8), with doxorubicin, 1,66mg/kg, i.p., every second day (D, n=8), and with the combination of silymarin and doxorubicin in stated doses. After the treatment the animals were anesthetized with urethane at a dosage of 0.75 g/kg i.p., and administered with continuous infusion of lidocaine through the infusion pump. During the lidocaine infusion the EKG of the treated animals was observed. The animals were sacrificed by cardiopunction. Samples of serum were taken in order to determine the transaminase activity, whereas the activity of the enzymes, the indicators of the oxidative stress was determined in liver homogenate. Results.The results of our research showed significant body weight reduction in the group treated with doxorubicin in comparison with the control group and the group treated with the combination of silymarin and doxorubicin (- 27 g, - 15 g). Compared with the control group, the concentration of lidocaine required to cause bradycardia was significantly higher in the group treated with doxorubicin (26,33:15,36, p<0.01). Silymarin administration caused the decrease of the prooxidative parameters: lipide peroxidation (2,25:0,28 p<0,005), catalase activity (5,98: 0,40, p<0,05) and glutathione peroxidase activity (5,30:0,45, p<0,005). Glutathione concentrations were not significantly changed in neither one of the experimental groups. Silymarin prevented the doxorubicin induced increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity (349.5:279.5, p<0.05). Conclusion. Silymarin administration significantly reduces the loss in body weight and prevents the increase of the myocardium excitability in rats treated with doxorubicin. Prooxidative activity of doxorubicin is significantly lower when it is administered in combination with silymarin. Keywords: Silymarin, pharmacokinetics, Liver, Myocardium Conference: 8th Southeast European Congress on Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity - XEMET 2010, Thessaloniki, Greece, 1 Oct - 5 Oct, 2010. Presentation Type: Oral Topic: Xenobiotic toxicity Citation: Aleksandar R, Nebojsa S, Momir M, Isidora S and Boris M (2010). Antioxidative and Pharmacological Effects of Silymarin. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: 8th Southeast European Congress on Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity - XEMET 2010. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2010.60.00098 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 28 Oct 2010; Published Online: 04 Nov 2010. * Correspondence: Dr. Raskovic Aleksandar, University of Novi Sad, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Clinical Pharmacology, Republic of Serbia, Serbia, araskovic@hotmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Raskovic Aleksandar Stilinovic Nebojsa Mikov Momir Samojlik Isidora Milijasevic Boris Google Raskovic Aleksandar Stilinovic Nebojsa Mikov Momir Samojlik Isidora Milijasevic Boris Google Scholar Raskovic Aleksandar Stilinovic Nebojsa Mikov Momir Samojlik Isidora Milijasevic Boris PubMed Raskovic Aleksandar Stilinovic Nebojsa Mikov Momir Samojlik Isidora Milijasevic Boris Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Oxidative stress in gill, erythrocytes, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) from a polluted site

A comparison between some pro- and antioxidant parameters in erythrocyte, gill, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia, O. niloticus from a fish farm (Control group) and from a polluted site in the Billings Reservoir (Reservoir group) was done. No hematological alterations were observed in blood of Billings fish. The erythrocyte oxidative stress was characterized by increased oxygen uptake and decreased induction time (induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide, t-BHP) evidencing a higher susceptibility to oxidative damage. Moreover, beside the augmented erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glutathione peroxidase activities, a decrease in both catalase (CAT) activity and total glutathione content (GSH), in erythrocytes of Reservoir fish was observed. The higher cytochrome b 5 levels observed in the gill microsomal fraction is likely to be the cause of the enhanced oxyradical production. This fact, associated with the diminished CAT and G6PDH activities, accounts for a gill oxidative stress of Reservoir fish. Except for the NADPH-cytochrome P-450 (c) reductase activity, the other liver pro-oxidant parameters were greatly increased in the Reservoir fish. These results together with the increase in SOD activity and decrease in CAT, glutathione reductase (GR) and G6PDH activities indicated a liver oxidative stress status. The observed increases in kidney NADH cytochrome c reductase and in both cytochromes P-450 and b 5 contents were not reflected in enhanced oxyradical production, suggesting a well coupled P-450 catalytic cycle in this tissue. However, the antioxidant enzymes had a similar pattern in liver. The decrease in GSH observed in kidney is probably associated with conjugation reactions for subsequent excretion. All these results furnish useful data for future investigations of polluted aquatic sites in order to provide a data base relating the presence of pollutants to biological effects at a molecular level.

Oxidative stress in lungs of mice infected with influenza A virus.

As oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain viral diseases we determined antioxidant and prooxidant parameters in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza A/PR8/34 virus. Viral infection was characterized by massive infiltration of leukocytes, mainly polymorphonuclear leukocytes, into the alveolar space. The total number of BALF cells increased up to 8-fold (day 3 post-infection) and these cells appeared activated as judged by their increased rates of superoxide anion radical (O2-.) generation upon stimulation. Maximal rates of radical generation by BALF cells during the early stages of infection were 15- or 70-fold higher than those of cells from control animals when expressed per cell or total BALF cells, respectively. At the terminal stages of infection the total capacity of BALF cells to release O2-. declined to approximately 35-fold the control values. Infection also resulted in increased in vivo formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) within the lungs at a time that coincided with the maximal capacity of BALF cells to release O2-.. Whereas pulmonary activities of glutathione peroxidase and reductase remained unaltered, levels of ascorbate in the cell-free BALF decreased significantly during the early stages of the infection and then returned to normal levels and above, late in infection. The oxidation state of the dehydroascorbic acid/ascorbate couple increased concomitantly with the decrease in ascorbate concentrations early in infection and remained elevated throughout the infection. As assessed by the prevention of peroxyl radical-induced loss of phycoerythrin fluorescence, the total antioxidant capacity present in lung tissue homogenate from terminally ill animals was not diminished when compared to that prepared from lungs of control mice. We conclude that although early stages of influenza infection are associated with the presence of oxidative stress in the lung tissue and alveolar fluid lining the epithelial cells, this stress does not appear to overwhelm local antioxidant defenses. The results therefore do not support a direct causative role of oxidative tissue damage in the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection.