Pro-inflammatory Diet Research Articles

Exploring the association between pro-inflammatory diets and chronic liver diseases: evidence from the UK Biobank

BackgroundChronic liver diseases (CLD) continue to pose a significant global burden, potentially exacerbated by pro-inflammatory diets. This study explores the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), a measure of dietary inflammatory potential, and CLD risk.MethodsUtilizing data from the UK Biobank cohort, we assessed the dietary information and calculated the DII for each participant. Cox proportional hazards models and Fine-Gray competing risk models were employed to evaluate the association between DII and CLD incidence, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOur analysis included 121,329 participants with a median follow-up of 604.43 weeks, during which 4,018 developed CLD. A higher DII, indicating a more inflammatory diet, was associated with a 16% increased risk of CLD [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.162, P = 0.001], with each unit increase in DII elevating the risk by 3.3% (HR: 1.033, P < 0.001). A significant linear association between DII and CLD was observed. Competing risk analyses, which accounted for cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death, supported these findings. Subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of the DII's association across various demographic and lifestyle factors. Moreover, a higher DII was positively associated with the progression of CLD to cirrhosis. Sensitivity analyses, including energy-adjusted DII and typical dietary DII, reinforced our results. Additionally, adherence to anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, as indicated by higher Healthy Eating Index 2020 and Mediterranean Diet Score values, was inversely associated with CLD risk.ConclusionOur study highlights the potential benefits of adopting anti-inflammatory diets as a strategy for the prevention and management of CLD. Comprehensive dietary interventions may play a pivotal role in mitigating the global burden of CLD.

The association between the dietary inflammatory index and multiple myeloma: a case–control study

The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a common grading system for diet inflammatory potential. Recent investigations link DII to hematopoietic malignancies. However, the relationship between DII and Multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. DII and MM were examined in a present case–control study of Iranian adults. This case–controlstudy was conducted on adults aged 20 to 75 years, selecting 149 cases with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and 359 healthy individuals. Dietary assessment was conducted using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including 154 items, and energy-adjusted DII scores were calculated to determine the level of inflammatory properties in each individual’s diet using 29 dietary parameters. Conditional logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between DII and MM. The case group participating in the study was on average 54 years old and mostly male (52.3%). After adjusting for age, sex, and energy intake, we found that individuals with the highest DII scores were significantly less likely to have MM compared to those with the lowest scores (OR: 0.02; 95% CI 0.01, 0.08). Additional adjustment with other confounders confirmed this association (OR: 0.03; 95% CI 0.01, 0.13). This association did not change significantly with further adjustment for BMI (OR: 0.04; 95% CI 0.01, 0.14). In conclusion, our research showed that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a significantly higher risk of MM. If our findings are confirmed in other large studies, these data will provide personalized approaches for MM patients, particularly for physicians and registered cancer dietitians.

P0759 The interplay between dietary intake and disease activity in Australian adults with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Background Diet has been considered as one driving factor in the onset and course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD[DT1] ) (1). However, the mechanisms of interplay between diet and disease activity are unclear. Given people living with IBD perceive diet to be an important modifiable factor in their disease management, ongoing research is needed to provide specific dietary recommendations (2). We explored dietary adequacy in people with IBD compared to healthy controls, and the association between dietary intake and disease activity. Methods We analysed cross-sectional baseline dietary and clinical data from the Australian IBD Microbiome (AIM) study, the largest longitudinal microbial cohort study in the Southern Hemisphere on people with Crohn’s disease (CD), Ulcerative colitis (UC), first-degree relatives and population healthy controls (both considered in the HC cohort). Nutrient intake, food groups, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) were calculated. Associations between dietary intake, clinical disease activity (remission or active) measured via the CDAI for CD participants or Partial Mayo for UC participants, and faecal calprotectin (FCP) were explored in adult participants. Results The analysis included 542 adults (CD = 155, UC = 144, HC = 243), with a median age of 46 years, and 58% female. Median partial Mayo (1 [0 – 2]) and CDAI (59 [29 – 146]) scores indicated clinical remission. Median FCP was higher in IBD (32.7 [0.0-179.0] μg/g) vs. HC (0.0 [0.0-0.0] μg/g), with no significant difference between UC and CD. Intake of grains, vegetable, dairy, and fruit was 25–50% below Australian Dietary Guideline recommended serves across all cohorts (3). Intake of dietary fibre, iodine and calcium was 25-40% lower than recommended intakes (4). There were no differences in intake of nutrients or food groups between IBD vs. HC or CD vs. UC cohorts. Within the UC cohort, kilojoule, iodine, iron, zinc, and grain intake were significantly lower in clinically active disease vs. remission. There was no difference in dietary intake based on clinical disease activity status in the CD cohort. The mean dietary inflammatory score was 0.17 ± 2.29, indicating a pro-inflammatory diet, with no differences between IBD and HC. No relationship was observed between dietary intake or DII score and FCP in IBD. Conclusion Dietary intake did not differ between the IBD cohort and HC cohorts. Both cohorts consumed pro-inflammatory diets with low adherence to Australian dietary guidelines. Further longitudinal studies will be beneficial to examine associations between baseline dietary intake and future disease activity.

Dietary patterns modify the association between body mass index and mortality in older adults.

The potential modifying roles of dietary patterns in the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in older adults remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the stratified and combined associations of dietary patterns and BMI with all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. This prospective cohort study included 3982 Chinese community-dwelling older adults between 2001 and 2003. A 280-item validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate five dietary indies: Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet. Higher DQI-I scores indicate better overall diet quality, while higher DII scores represent a pro-inflammatory diet. Higher MDS, DASH, and MIND scores indicate greater adherence to these healthy dietary patterns. Mortality data were obtained from official records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Over a median follow-up of 16.8 years, there were 1879 all-cause deaths, 561 cancer deaths, and 386 CVD deaths. The J-shaped associations between BMI with all-cause and cancer mortality were weaker in healthier dietary patterns (DQI-I, MDS, DASH, MIND ≥median or DII <median) than in unhealthier dietary patterns (DQI-I, MDS, DASH, MIND <median or DII ≥median). Lower DQI-I scores were associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in participants with underweight (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.40-2.26) or obesity (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.02-1.53), while higher DQI-I scores did not have significantly higher risk in participants with underweight (HR:1.24, 95% CI: 0.94-1.65) or obesity (HR:1.03, 95% CI: 0.82-1.28), with those having higher DQI-I scores and normal weight as the reference. Higher DQI-I scores attenuated the excess risk of cancer mortality in the underweight or the obese. Similar trends were observed for other dietary patterns. For CVD mortality, lower DII and higher MIND scores reduced the elevated risk associated with obesity, but this modifying effect was not observed in other dietary patterns. Higher diet quality attenuated the increased risks of all-cause and cancer mortality associated with underweight or obesity in older adults. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative diets may protect against CVD mortality associated with obesity.

Elevated risk of possible sarcopenia and weak muscle strength with higher dietary inflammatory index in Iranian breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIncreased levels of inflammation in cancer patients and survivors can make them more prone to muscle wasting and sarcopenia. Diet can be an appropriate treatment for alleviating patient complications. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the association between sarcopenia and its components with the dietary inflammatory index (DII) among breast cancer survivors.MethodsA total of 223 female breast cancer survivors were included in this research at the Cancer Prevention Research Center of Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital and the Iranian Cancer Control Charity Institute (MACSA). Forty-three items of dietary inflammatory index (DII) were extracted from the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Sarcopenia detection was performed according to the Asian criteria. The linear and binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between sarcopenia and its components with DII.ResultsParticipants in the highest DII quartile had significantly elevated risk of impaired hand grip strength and calf circumference in both crude and adjusted models. Moreover, individuals consuming a more pro-inflammatory diet displayed a greater risk of abnormal appendicular skeletal muscle index in the crude model. After controlling for potential confounders, participants in the top quartile of DII had a 2.992-fold greater risk of possible sarcopenia than those in the bottom quartile (P value = 0.035). In addition, a decreasing linear trend was observed between higher DII score and 0.059 and 0.349- units lower in appendicular skeletal muscle mass index and hand grip strength variables in the crude Model (P-value < 0.05).ConclusionDiets with more pro-inflammatory features might be associated with increased risk of possible sarcopenia, as well as its components especially muscle mass and strength in women recovering from breast cancer.

Association between the dietary inflammatory index and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Limited research exists on the association between preconception pro-inflammatory diets and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and this relationship remains poorly understood. To investigate the association between preconception dietary inflammatory potential, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous individuals. This was a secondary analysis of the data from the Nulliparous Outcomes Study: Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b). Preconception dietary habits, assessed via food frequency questionnaires, were used to calculate DII scores based on 29 pro- and anti-inflammatory food items. Participants were categorized into DII quartiles (Q1-Q4), with Q1 representing the most anti-inflammatory and Q4 the most pro-inflammatory diets. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, or eclampsia), small for gestational age (<5th percentile), and stillbirth. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome and gestational diabetes. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using modified Poisson regression, controlling for confounders. Among the 7,994 participants included, 1,829 (22.8%) experienced the primary outcome. Participants in Q4 had a significantly higher risk of the primary outcome compared to Q1 (25.9% vs. 22.1%; aRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.28) and a notably increased risk of stillbirth (0.9% vs. 0.3%; aRR 2.68, 95% CI 1.01-7.07). No significant associations were found for Q2 or Q3 compared to Q1 for the primary outcome (aRR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91-1.14; aRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86-1.09, respectively). Other secondary outcomes were not statistically significant. Among individual food items, only folic acid was associated with a reduced risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (aRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.99). A pro-inflammatory preconception diet was associated with an increased risk of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly stillbirth, among nulliparous individuals. These findings underscore the potential role of dietary interventions during the preconception period to mitigate these risks.

Plasma metabolomic signature of a proinflammatory diet in relation to breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study.

A proinflammatory diet has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. However, the underlying metabolic roles remain to be elucidated. To investigate the metabolic mechanism between proinflammatory diet and breast cancer risk. This prospective study included 273,324 females from the UK Biobank. The dietary inflammatory potential was assessed via an energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) based on a 24-hour recall questionnaire. The plasma metabolome was profiled via high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). A metabolic signature was constructed by summing selected metabolite concentrations weighted by the coefficients via absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. Multivariate Cox regression was applied to assess the associations of the E-DII and metabolic signature with breast cancer risk. We constructed a metabolic signature comprising 26 metabolites associated with a proinflammatory diet. These metabolites primarily included lipoproteins, amino acids, fatty acids, and ketone bodies. Both the E-DII and metabolic signature were positively associated with breast cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR] comparing the highest quintile to the lowest quintile = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = (1.04, 1.32); and 1.21, 95% CI = (1.01, 1.46), respectively). Furthermore, we found that saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids percentage and acetone concentration were positively associated (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = (1.04, 1.37); 1.15, 95% CI = (1.01, 1.32), respectively), while the degree of unsaturation was inversely associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.75, 0.99). We identified a metabolic signature that reflects a proinflammatory diet and is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.

Dietary inflammation and childhood adiposity: Analysis of individual participant data from six birth cohorts.

Childhood adiposity and inflammation impact long-term health. However, associations between dietary inflammation and childhood adiposity are unclear. We investigated if more pro-inflammatory diets are associated with greater adiposity in early-, mid-, and late-childhood. We pooled individual participant data (IPD) from 13,978 children in six European birth cohorts in the ALPHABET consortium: Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study (Lifeways), the Randomised cOntrol trial of LOw glycaemic index diet during pregnancy study (ROLO), the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS), the Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL), and The Generation R Study (Generation R). Dietary inflammation was determined using the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII™). Adiposity-related outcomes included BMI z-score (primary outcome), abdominal circumference, skinfolds, fat-mass- and fat-free-mass-indices (secondary outcomes). Two-stage random effects IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA), with adjusted linear and logistic regression models, was conducted. Quantile regression (QR) examined C-DII associations with BMI z-score percentiles. Median, 25th and 75th percentile C-DII scores trended upwards from early 0.18 (-0.65, 1.03) to late-childhood 0.51 (-0.40, 1.49). Pooled QR revealed positive C-DII associations across BMI z-score percentiles, particularly in late-childhood unadjusted β (95% CI) 75th (0.075 (0.046, 0.105), p<0.001); 85th (0.077 (0.045, 0.108), p<0.001); and 95th (0.051 (0.011, 0.091), p=0.01). Adjusted cohort-specific QR identified contrasting associations at early-childhood (ALSPAC and SWS) and late-childhood (Generation R). Pooled adjusted IPD-MA showed C-DII associations with late-childhood obesity [OR (95% CI) 0.89 (0.81, 0.97), p=0.01]. C-DII associations across BMI z-score distribution varied by cohort, quantile, and time-point, with some potentially explained by adiposity rebound, reverse causation and questionnaire response biases, highlighting insights not evident with linear regression.

Association of the dietary inflammation index DII with the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension

Background and objective Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern that is frequently associated with hypertension. Inflammation is an important factor in the development of both illnesses. The Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) has evolved as a way to measure how much a diet can cause inflammation, which may impact CKD, especially in hypertensive persons. The study’s goal is to investigate the link between DII and the occurrence of CKD in hypertensive individuals. Methods This study examined data from 22940 hypertensive patients from 1999 to 2018 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The DII was computed using 28 dietary components. CKD was diagnosed based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. The link between DII and CKD was explored using sampling-weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines. Results Higher DII scores were shown to be strongly related with an increased risk of CKD. In the fully adjusted model, this connection remained consistent across demographic and clinical categories. Conclusions The study found a strong association between a pro-inflammatory diet and an elevated risk of CKD in hypertensive individuals, emphasizing the potential of dietary changes in CKD management.

Dietary inflammatory index and its associations with cardiovascular diseases and cancer: Evidence form NHANES 2017-2018 and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer are significant global causes of mortality. However, the link between diets that promote inflammation and various subtypes of CVDs and cancers remains unclear. Utilizing the dataset from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data release cycle, our study encompassed 3538 adult participants within the age range of 20 to 80 years. The dietary questionnaire information was utilized to calculate dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores. Logistic regression analysis was employed to validate the association between the DII and CVDs, as well as overall cancer and special type cancer. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between DII and the aforementioned diseases, with hemoglobin serving as the potential mediator. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis externally validated hemoglobin's causal link to these diseases. Patients with the highest quartile levels of DII scores demonstrated an elevated prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF), stroke, overall cancer and some specific types of cancers. The logistic regression analysis revealed a correlation between DII and CHF (OR = 1.197, p = 0.002), stroke (OR = 1.205, p < 0.001), as well as breast cancer (OR = 1.306, p = 0.004). The pro-inflammatory diet also resulted in lower hemoglobin levels (p < 0.001). Mediation analyses found a role for hemoglobin in the relationship of DII and CVDs. Both CVDs and cancer risk were positively correlated with the DII in our study. Hemoglobin emerged as a potential mediator in the intricate relationship between DII and CHF, as well as stroke.

Joint association of anti-inflammatory diet and vigorous leisure-time physical activity on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in U.S. adults: findings from NHANES, 2007-2014.

Balanced dietary patterns, sufficient physical activity, and other healthy lifestyle behaviors are increasingly recognized as a complimentary strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aim to explore the joint association of anti-inflammatory diet and vigorous leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on all-cause and CVD mortality. This retrospective cohort study included 16,068 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014). Participants were categorized into four lifestyle patterns based on the inflammatory properties of the diet and the degree of vigorous LTPA: pro-inflammatory diet and insufficient vigorous LTPA (pattern 1), anti-inflammatory diet and insufficient vigorous LTPA (pattern 2), pro-inflammatory diet and sufficient vigorous LTPA (pattern 3), anti-inflammatory diet and sufficient vigorous LTPA (pattern 4). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared to pattern 1, pattern 4 showed an obvious lower risk of all-cause (HR, 0.51; 95% CI 0.32-0.81) and CVD mortality (HR, 0.31; 95% CI 0.12-0.80). In addition, pattern 2 also had a significantly decreased all-cause (0.80; 0.69-0.92) and CVD mortality risk (0.71; 0.53-0.95). However, t there was no significant reduction in all-cause mortality (0.75; 0.54-1.06) and CVD mortality (0.60; 0.32-1.13) among pattern 3. Consistent results were obtained in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Adhering to the anti-inflammatory diet and sufficient vigorous LTPA was associated with lowest all-cause and CVD mortality. Anti-inflammatory diet can counteract the hazards caused by insufficient vigorous LTPA, while sufficient vigorous LTPA fails to offset the detrimental effect of pro-inflammatory diet.

Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Differentially Associated With Cardiometabolic Health After Pregnancy on the Basis of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Exposure.

Inflammatory diets may influence risk of cardiovascular disease. Subsequent cardiovascular disease is also influenced by adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) such as preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. However, the associations between inflammatory diet, APOs, and cardiometabolic health remain unclear. We used data from the nuMoM2b (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be) HHS (Heart Health Study) to assess the relationship between dietary quality and cardiometabolic health. We calculated Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index scores representing the inflammatory burden in a person's diet. We used linear regression to determine the association between Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index score and cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed stratified analyses for outcomes with a significant interaction between Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and APO. Data were available from 3249 participants at a median of 3.1 years after delivery. Higher Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index scores were associated with higher body mass index (B=0.29 kg/m2 [95% CI, 0.16-0.42]), waist circumference (0.66 cm [95% CI, 0.39-0.93]), diastolic blood pressure (0.26 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.09-0.44]), mean arterial pressure (0.23 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.06-0.40]), triglycerides (2.11 mg/dL [95% CI, 1.05-3.18]), creatinine (2.78 mg/dL [95% CI, 1.13-4.44]), insulin (exp[B]=1.04 [95% CI, 1.03-1.05]) and C-reactive protein (exp[B]=1.07 [95% CI, 1.04-1.10]), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.41 mg/dL [95% CI, -0.66 to -0.37]) (all P<0.01). Significant interactions with APO (P<0.05) were identified for body mass index and waist circumference, with stratified analysis revealing stronger associations for individuals with APOs. A more proinflammatory diet was associated with worse cardiometabolic health measures, and these relationships differed by a person's APO history. Further investigation should establish how dietary modifications after pregnancy may potentially mitigate cardiovascular disease risk.

Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and fractional exhaled nitric oxide among United States adults: A cross-sectional study.

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNo) is a convenient and noninvasive test that measures the concentration of nitric oxide in exhalation as a surrogate biomarker of airway inflammation. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the associations between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and FeNo in US adults. Adults participating in the 2007-2012 cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with complete information and available measurement data of DII and FeNo were included. Associations between DII and FeNo were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline analysis, stratified analysis, and sensitivity analysis. A total of 7677 participants (mean age 45.68 years, 53.03% men) with a mean DII of 1.28 and FeNo of 17.33 ppb were included. The multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis showed that a one-unit increase in DII was associated with a 0.283-ppb reduction in FeNo level. The beta and 95% CI for the second, third, and fourth DII quartile groups were -1.19 (-2.04 to -0.35), -1.07 (-2.26 to 0.12), and -1.60 (-2.85 to -0.36), respectively (P for trend = 0.04), with the lowest quartile group as the reference. The restricted cubic spline curve showed an inversely linear relationship between DII and FeNo. The study result is robust and did not appear to be affected by the participant's age, sex, race, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes status, or white blood cell or eosinophil counts. A proinflammatory diet, as indicated by a higher DII, is cross-sectionally associated with lower FeNo levels in US adults.

Association between modified dietary inflammation index score and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density in patients with hypertension: data from NHANES—a population-based study

BackgroundThe modified Dietary Inflammation Index Score (M-DIS) is a scoring system used to quantify the inflammatory effects of nutrients and foods. Inflammation may affect Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The purpose of this study was to utilize data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to evaluate the relationship between M-DIS and lumbar vertebrae BMD in patients with hypertension.MethodsData from 2007 to 2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014 and 2017–2018 NHANES cycles were collected for secondary analysis. Information provided by NHANES participants included complete dietary intake interviews and BMD measurements. M-DIS was calculated based on dietary intake interviews. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to evaluate the average BMD of lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4). As an indicator of bone health, weighted multiple logistic regression and restricted spline analysis were utilized to study the relationship between M-DIS and lumbar vertebrae BMD in American patients with hypertension.ResultsA total of 3864 participants aged ≥ 20 years with complete data were included in this study. The proportion of osteopenia in the lumbar spine was 7.2%. After adjusting for confounding factors, negative correlations were observed between the BMD of each vertebral and its average BMD with M-DIS. In Model 3, the relationship between mean lumbar BMD and M-DIS was β = − 0.0103 (95% CI − 0.0160 to − 0.0046, P < 0.001). Notably, L1 showed a particularly significant negative correlation with β = − 0.0120 (95% CI − 0.0172 to − 0.0067, P < 0.001), while the proportion of osteopenia was highest in the L3 vertebra, accounting for 8.3%. Higher M-DIS was positively correlated with the incidence of osteopenia (OR 0.595, 95% CI 0.371–0.965, P = 0.041). Further analyses revealed that in hypertensive patients, elevated M-DIS in women was associated with lower lumbar BMD (P for nonlinearity = 0.093), while this trend was not significant in hypertensive men.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that a higher M-DIS (pro-inflammatory diet) is significantly associated with BMD in females with hypertension. These results indicate that female with hypertension who prefer a pro-inflammatory diet may be at an increased risk of osteopenia, highlighting the necessity for tailored dietary recommendations.

Diet Quality Scores and Central Precocious Puberty Risk in Chinese Girls: A Case-Control Study.

Diet is an important factor influencing central precocious puberty (CPP). This study aimed to investigate the relationship among diet quality, pro-inflammatory diets, and CPP in Chinese girls. This case-control study enroled 112 Chinese girls with CPP and 131 healthy controls. Children's dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric and sociodemographic data were collected and serum interleukin-6 levels were measured. We calculated the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII), Chinese Children's Dietary Index (CCDI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and the adjusted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (aDASH) score. The association between diet and the risk of CPP was analysed using logistic regression models. After adjustment, higher C-DII scores were associated with an increased risk of CPP (P for trend = 0.034), and aDASH scores were significantly negatively associated with the risk of CPP (P for trend = 0.048). Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group and were positively correlated with the risk of CPP (P for trend = 0.006). High-quality dietary patterns and an anti-inflammatory diet may contribute to the prevention of CPP in Chinese girls.

Exploring the association of dietary inflammatory index, disease progression and cellular integrity in chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study.

While the anti-inflammatory effects of specific nutrients are well established, there is limited research on the relationship between overall dietary patterns and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and biochemical and body composition parameters in pre-dialysis CKD patients. The DII scores of 143 pre-dialysis CKD subjects were calculated using 24-h recalls. Body composition was measured using bioelectric impedance-based InBody 770. Oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity were measured using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and uric acid-independent FRAP (FRAP_UA) assays respectively. C-reactive protein (CRP) was selected as an inflammatory marker while other biochemical parameters were analysed using diagnostic kits. Subjects were categorized into early-stage CKD (ES; eGFR: 30 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m2) and late-stage CKD (LS; eGFR: < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2). The ES group had a lower extracellular to total body water ratio (p < 0.01) and higher levels of whole-body phase angle (p < 0.01) compared to the LS group. However, FRAP_UA was higher in the LS group (p < 0.05). For each increase in DII score by 1, eGFR decreased by 2.31 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p < 0.01) and phase angle by 0.11 degrees (p < 0.05). Consuming cereals and millets, other vegetables, roots and tubers, spices, poultry, oils and fats significantly contributed to the anti-inflammatory potential of the diet (p < 0.01). A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with disease progression and decreased cell integrity, underscoring the importance of its consideration in CKD management.

Proinflammatory Diet is Associated with Higher Pain, Disease Severity and Biochemical Parameters Associated with Inflammation in Fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia, which is becoming increasingly common today, affects the quality of life of those affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diet and pain, disease severity and biochemical parameters in fibromyalgia. Cross-sectional design using validated questionnaires. Fibroyalgia patients with Traditional and Complementary Medicine clinics. 84 patients with Fibromyalgia (FM), which was diagnosed by a rheumatologist. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 84 fibromyalgia patients in Turkey. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was calculated by a 24-hour diet recall. Self-reported pain levels and disease severity were evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and a Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), respectively. Antropometric measures and biochemical parameters associated with inflammation were also evaluated. Linear regression analysis revealed that the VAS pain score [β (%95CI)=1,72 (0,90-2,55), p < 0,001], FIQ-R [β (%95CI)=5,62 (0,14-11,09), p < 0,001] and uric acid/creatinine ratio [β (%95CI)=0,21 (-0,10-0,52), p < 0,001] were positively associated with the DII after adjustments for BMI, body fat, fat free mass, cholesterol, fiber, caroten, iron, magnesium, vitamine C reported by the patients with FM. A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with higher pain, disease severity and uric acid/creatinine ratio in patients with FM.

Association of dietary inflammatory index score with anthropometric measures and obesity indices in Indonesian adults with cardiovascular diseases

Dietary is one of the modifiable lifestyle factors that may affect inflammation status which contributes to obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) score and anthropometric measures in adults with CVD. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 CVD patients living in Malang, Indonesia. Usual dietary intake was measured using a validated 168-item SQ-FFQ and transformed into a DII score. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body fat percentage (% BF) were measured. Obesity indices including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to evaluate the difference in anthropometric data across DII score tertiles stratified by sex. The mean age of study participants was 64.14±7.99 years old and 63.8% of them were men. Energy and macronutrient intakes were not different between men and women; nevertheless, all intakes were higher in the lowest tertile of DII, except for polyunsaturated fat, vitamin B, vitamin E and zinc. There is an increased trend of all anthropometric measures across tertiles, but no significant difference was found. After adjusting for confounding risk factors, women participants who had higher DII scores had higher weight (p = 0.049), WC (p = 0.024), and HC (p = 0.013). In conclusion, a proinflammatory diet showed by higher DII score and was associated with higher weight, WC, and HC in women with CVD.

Is an antioxidant-rich or a pro-inflammatory diet during pregnancy associated with allergic and respiratory multimorbidity in children from the ELFE birth cohort?

The antioxidant capacity and the inflammatory potential of diet during pregnancy may represent a prevention opportunity for allergic and respiratory diseases. We aimed to investigate the associations between the antioxidant and the inflammatory potential of maternal diet in the last 3 months of pregnancy with allergic and respiratory diseases in children. Analyses were performed on 9679 mother–child pairs from the ELFE birth cohort. The dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), without coffee, was estimated with the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), the total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP). The inflammatory potential of the maternal diet was assessed by the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). Allergic and respiratory diseases in children up to 5·5 years were considered jointly through five allergic and respiratory multimorbidity clusters (‘asymptomatic’ - reference, ‘early wheeze without asthma’, ‘asthma only’, ‘allergies without asthma’ and ‘multi-allergic’). Multinomial logistic regressions were performed and adjusted for main confounders. A diet with a higher antioxidant potential was associated with a lower risk of belonging to the ‘early wheeze without asthma’ cluster (aOR (95 % CI) = 0·95 (0·90, 0·99) per sd of TEAC score). A higher E-DII was associated with a higher risk of belonging to the ‘asthma only’ cluster (aOR (95 % CI) = 1·09 (1·00, 1·19) per sd). No association was found with the ‘allergies without asthma’ or ‘multi-allergic’ clusters. An antioxidant-rich diet during pregnancy was associated with better respiratory health, while a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with poorer respiratory health in children up to 5·5 years, though the associations were weak.

Relationship between Diet-Related Inflammation and Hospitalization Risk and Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19

Background: Increased serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in patients indicate a strong association between COVID-19 and inflammation. However, the association between diet-related inflammation and COVID-19 has been less investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the inflammatory scores of the diet are associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease and the probability of hospitalization of patients. Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study involving 141 patients with COVID-19. The empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and dietary inflammation scores (DIS) were calculated based on a 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and diet-related inflammation was also investigated. Results: 74 inpatients and 87 outpatients participated in this study. Higher DIS scores were significantly associated with an increased risk of COVID-related hospitalization (Tertile3 vs. tertile1: OR = 3·62; 95 % CI 1·43 to 9·14, P=0·008 after fully adjustment). This association with EDIP was also observed, but it was not significant. Conclusion: The data from this provide evidence that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with higher risk of hospitalization due to high severity of COVID-19.