Private Radio Research Articles

Перші комерційні радіостанції в Україні: від експериментів до бізнесу

The article concerns the first two years (1992-1993) of the formation of commercial broadcasting in Ukraine. It studies the factors that influenced the creation of the first commercial radio stations, which gradually attempted to switch from a “game mode” to the broadcasting business and business entrepreneurship. The activity of the first ten commercial radio companies is studied by means of systematization, content analysis, generalization and other methods. The authors of the article offer the documented time of the first airwaves of each company mentioned (from the authors‟ personal archives). The role that these stations played in the formation of commercial private broadcasting in Ukraine is analyzed. Additional information is given about the creation of the Association of Private Radio Stations in Ukraine which was intended to unite commercial radio stations. The minute of the seminar “Local Radio” is published for the first time. The meeting with the head officers of the radio stations present was organized by the public organization International Media Center – Internews (Ukraine) and by the training center British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC, England) from May 20 to June 3, 1994 in Pushcha-Vodytsia near Kyiv. It was there where they decided to create the association. One of the radio projects of MMC-Internews “Interview from Internews” is examined. It may be considered as the first radio project unifying commercial radio stations, and also the first student radio project at the private radio station in Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study facts and documents (from the authors‟ personal archive) certifying the dialectic progress of Ukrainian commercial broadcasting from the so-called “musical patchwork” to the transformation into a profitable means of mass communication.

La impronta de las políticas de gestión de archivos en la labor formativa de los medios. Estudio comparativo de las radios líderes en España y Portugal

La comunicación mediática actual asume la inmediatez en detrimento de la contextualización, hecho que a la larga pone en riesgo la memoria informativa del ciudadano y parte de la labor formativa de los medios. En este contexto, la gestión de contenidos puede y debe jugar un papel importante como actividad no solo vinculada a la producción diaria y a la estrategia de la empresa de comunicación, sino también como colaboradora en la creación de productos específicos con finalidad educativa. El objetivo planteado consiste en radiografiar y caracterizar las políticas de gestión de contenidos en las empresas radiofónicas de titularidad privada, líderes en España y Portugal, para razonar la labor que desempeñan en relación al fin formativo de los medios. Aun con diferencias estructurales y organizativas, no se están aprovechando los beneficios de la aplicación de políticas de gestión de contenidos mediáticos, ni existe normativa para su uniformización.

BELENGGU ATURAN, NEGOSIASI, DAN EKSISTENSI RADIO KOMUNITAS Studi pada Radio Balai Budaya Minomartani dan Wijaya di Yogyakarta

Licensing issues are one thing that puts a burden on community radios, radios that are established to serve the information and entertainment needs of a particular community and are not justified in seeking benefits like private radio. Another thing is about the rules of advertising where community radio is not allowed to broadcast commercial advertisements, as well as canalization rules problems or broadcast frequency restrictions. This research answers the negotiations conducted by the Balai Minomartani (BBM) radio station and Radio Wijaya in Yogyakarta in obeying the government's burdensome rules and what their motivations. Data obtained from in-depth interviews, online and offline observations, and document collection. The results showed that the negotiations carried out by such two radio related to the troublesome and burdensome rules were to obtain legality and carry out the mandate of the community because legality became an important capital for the existence of community radio and to obtain various accesses. To cite this article (7th APA style) : Eddyono, A. S. & Hanathasia, M. (2018). Belenggu Aturan, Negosiasi, dan Eksistensi Radio Komunitas [The Shackle of Regulation, Negotiation, and Existence of the Community Radio]. Journal Communication Spectrum, 8 (1), 15-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36782/ jcs.v8i1.1810

Computed Tomography Scan Findings in Children from a Tropical Region.

BACKGROUND:Computed Tomography in the diagnosis of pathologies in children is becoming increasingly popular.AIMS:To document indications and findings of referrals for CT scan in children in a private Radio - diagnostic Center in a developing environment.METHOD:Children aged 6 months to 13 years referred to a private Radio - diagnostic Center, between June 2015 to June 2016 were studied. Patients were examined using GE CT Brivo 385 machine.RESULT:Forty - seven children were referred for CT scan during the period. Of these 45 (95.47%) were referred from the Teaching Hospital located in the same city. A brain scan was most commonly performed (93.6%) while the frequency of abdominal CT was (6.4%). The main indications for the referrals were delayed milestones (61.7%) and seizures (17.0%). The major findings were cerebral atrophy 26 (55.32%), and cerebral infarction 3 (6.38%).CONCLUSION:This study shows a predominance of brain CT scan request in children, delayed milestones and seizures being the most common indications, while cerebral atrophy and cerebral infarction were the common brain findings. In the absence of MRI, CT scan provides a suitable alternative for imaging of the brain and abdominal pathologies in a developing environment like ours.

Attitudes of Yemeni Audience towards Local Private Radio stations: A Field Study on FM Stations

This study aimed to explore the attitudes of Yemeni audience towards the local FM radio stations. It investigated the attitudes of the audience towards the performance of the new radio stations in the country. A field study was carried out on a sample of the public audience in the vicinity of the capital Sana'a by conducting a survey on a random stratified sample of 300 respondents. The study revealed that Yemeni audience had positive and negative attitudes towards the performance of the modern radio stations. The findings showed that there was a positive correlation between the level, motivations and gratifications of exposure and the attitudes towards the local private radio stations. The results also revealed differences among the Yemeni audience in the level of their attitudes towards the radio stations based on the variations in variables of gender and level of education.

اتجاهات الجمهور اليمني نحو الإذاعات المحلية الخاصة – دراسة ميدانية على محطات FM

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على اتجاهات الجمهور اليمني نحو الإذاعات المحلية الخاصة FM في اليمن، وإجراء مسح لاتجاهات الجمهور نحو أداء هذه المحطات الإذاعية الجديدة على المجتمع، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على إجراء بحث ميداني على عينة من الجمهور العام في محيط العاصمة صنعاء من خلال مسح عينة عشوائية طبقية بلغت (300) مفردة، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها وجود اتجاهات إيجابية وسلبية متباينة لدى الجمهور اليمني نحو أداء هذه المحطات الإذاعية حديثة التجربة، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية إيجابية بين مستوى ودوافع وإشباعات التعرض والاتجاهات نحو الإذاعات المحلية الخاصة، كما كشفت النتائج أيضاً عن وجود فروق في اتجاهات الجمهور اليمني نحو هذه الإذاعات بناء على متغيري النوع والمستوى التعليمي.

State, Song, and Shabāb in Syria’s Prewar Radioscape

Analyzing Syrian mass-media discourses, radio playlists, and interviews, this article describes the musical values and aesthetics of Syrian state-run and private radio in the years leading up to the 2011 uprising, focusing on radio’s sonic definition of “youth.” After outlining a topography of Syrian radio during 2009–11, I examine the call for songs from the 2011 Syrian Radio Song Contest. Focusing on two styles detailed therein— shabābī (youth) and shaʿbī (folk/popular)—I argue that Syrian radio in the prewar moment programmed large segments of the population out of that definition of “Syrian youth” and thus out of the official version of Syria’s future. Abstract:

KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA RADYO TELEVİZYON ÜST KURULUNUN TELEVİZYON YAYINCILIĞINA YAKLAŞIMI; ULUSAL YAYIN YAPAN TELEVİZYON KURULUŞLARI ÖRNEKLEMİNDE BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ

The regulation of radio and television broadcasting and control issues is one of the major subject of discussions in the broadcasting field. In today’s internationally scaled broadcasting that is being performed in various mediums, discussions about broadcasting further expanded and grew because of diversified viewer expectations and increasingly scrutinized rules of supervision. The tendency to deregulate the radio and television broadcasting system is trending and the necessity of new arrangements towards this goal is defended on various grounds. Conditions for private radio and television broadcasting in Turkey is also the same. However, the government’s certain habits coming from the past is still continued even though the general views on regulations regarding radio and television broadcasting follows the same trend in developed countries. The section that regulates the broadcasting principles of radio and television of the 6112 law in force is full of examples demonstrating the governments outdated approach. The selection procedures of members of the Supreme Council of Radio and Television is also another indication of the government’s desire to carry on state control on broadcasting. This study is designed as a research to identify and check the validity of these and similar views with data. For this purpose, decisions issued by the Supreme Council of Radio and Television regarding the 6112 law are compiled and analyzed. The compiled data which is bounded to ten national television broadcaster organizations have been tabulated and analyzed.

Social media usage by teen segmented commercial private radio in Bandung

Radio is one of mass media which functions to inform, to educate, to entertain and to influence. In Indonesia, private commercial broadcast radios are the biggest in numbers with more than 700 radio stations throughout indonesia. Some of the private commmercial radio stations select audience segmentation of young people or teenagers. This is due to fact that numbers of young people dominate the whole population. Social media nowadays has become a primary need for most of its users, especially young people. The usage of social media as a tool in virtual social interaction, has also been used by many radio stations, especially whose target audience are teenagers. The usage of social media by teen segmented radio stations is not only for on-air activities, but also to support off-air activities. How the use of social media by teen segmented radio stations in Bandung, to support on-air and off-air activities, is the focus of this research. Through qualitative research with descriptive method, it is hoped to describe more comprehensively about the usage of social media by teen segmented private radio stations in Bandung.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN KEDELAI DI KOTA MANOKWARI SOYBEAN MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE MANOKWARI CITY

This study was conducted to determine determine the marketing strategies used by employers soybean imports in the city of Manokwari. There are also other things to be extracted is the price of soybeans at the time of purchase, how employers promote soybean and to determine the total volume of imported soybeans. This research was conducted in the district of Manokwari start of December 6, 2013 to February 7, 2014. Methods used descriptive case study technique. These results indicate that the marketing strategies used by both companies this is a strategy in which the price when buying in large quantities of consumer got a discounted price. Other results obtained in this study are from year to year soybean prices have increased in line with the relative price of the dollar. There is also the price at time of purchase in the amount of Rp. 8,000 per kg, the importer sold it for Rp. 9,000 per Kg way companies promote their goodsare not too complicated simply put a banner in front of his shop and or private radio. Famous for its business customers tell langgananya that other consumers. Soybeans are sold in a single transaction, could serve 99% of the volume of soybean imports.

Does commercial orientation matter for policy-game framing? A content analysis of television and radio news programmes on public and private stations

This article examines the relationship between different ownership types in broadcast news to determine the portrayal of election coverage as a strategic game against a focus on policy issues. Using a content analysis of six television and radio programmes during the 2011 Irish general election, we test hypotheses about differences in coverage provided by public service programming with equivalent private sector coverage. Our findings improve upon two key aspects of earlier research on game-policy frames. First, we show that commercial outlets can produce content that has democratic value, and suggest that before reaching definitive judgements not only it is necessary to distinguish between radio and television programmes but it is also advisable to study individual programming on each medium. Second, in a key market segment, we show that there is a clear distinction between editorial choices on policy content between public and private radio. These findings suggest that policy-orientated private programming may react to factors such as a culture of public service broadcasting as well as regulatory interventionism. We also suggest that there are cases where policy-rich private programming is driven by different editorial values from its public counterpart which can benefit the public.

The Radio in Spain: European Appearance, Franco’s Legacy

The democratisation of media depends not only on legal reforms and economic changes introduced into their structure, but also the biasing effect the dominant political culture can exert in this process. As seen in the Spanish radio industry, changes made since the beginning of the political transition period are purely formal because they remain deep traits inherited from the Franco dictatorship such as clientelism and political instrumentalisation. This article analyses the evolution of private radio and relates the survival of typical values of the dictatorship with the persistence of the political culture of Francoism, accepted and internalised by the new democratic regime.

Radio Broadcasting in New Russia: Specifics of Structure and Problems Functioning

This article discusses the development of radio broadcasting in the new Russia that emerged in the years 1991–2011. Changes in radio were part of the larger, complex and controversial process related to major economic, political and social changes in the Russian Federation after the Soviet Union dissolved. Radio programming developed to reflect the new political, social and public lives of the Russian people. The analysis examines the functioning of state, public, and private radio, and their competition for audience, the role of radio advertising, and programming broadcast content. The article shows that there has been the formation of a new type of free, uncensored journalism with experienced radio journalists experiencing a new environment.

Concentración y dependencia en la radio privada andaluza (1982-2008)

The aim of this text is to analyze the evolution of the private radio in Andalusia from the constitution of the first autonomous government. The article bears in mind the political and economic dimensions of this development; especially, we examine the different allocations of radio licenses as central elements to understand the process of concentration that is observed in the Andalusian radio broadcasting industry and the marginal character of the local independent stations.

Can Cellular Compete with Private Radio?

Can Cellular Compete with Private Radio?

Online Media Within the Public Service Realm?

Public service media are no longer limited to radio and television as new media genres emerge. Among others, the online medium has supplemented radio, television and the press since the mid-1990s and has become a medium in its own right. Moreover, online media have become essential elements of media consumption patterns. Public service media compete not only with private radio and television broadcasters but also with the press. The question arises, whether such competition in the online field results in more diversity and higher output quality, serving the public interest better. In Europe, there are at least two different schools of thought. One line of argument accepts the public service expansion into online media and regards online media as a necessary and important field for public service activities. Another line of argument suggests limiting the public service remit strictly to radio and broadcasting and considers online media as an emerging market subject to competition among private companies only. Based on the results of a comparative empirical analysis of online media provided by public service broadcasters and print publishers in Switzerland, Germany and Austria (from 2006) this article shows that the achieved results in media output are disappointing. Only few online media live up to the expectations. The article finally argues that the extension of the public service remit to online media might enhance quality and diversity.

Factors Influencing Information Delivery Technology Choice in Deprived Regions in Ghana

Using a contingent valuation (CV) method to quantitatively estimate the influence of selected socio-economic factors on households’ willingness to pay for alternative information delivery technologies, the study intended to provide basic information regarding rural households’ willingness to pay for information delivery technologies.
 This study used rural household survey data collected from three administrative regions in Ghana to examine rural women’s willingness to pay for information delivered via three technologies – community radio, private radio, and extension agents. 
 The primary objective of the study was to identify the critical factors to consider in planning and policy design in using ICT to provide information to empower rural women. While there were nontrivial regional variations, the overall results from this study point to household expenditures (used as proxy for income), household education, and membership in community organizations as the principal factors influencing rural women’s willingness to pay for the various technologies used in information delivery to women in rural areas in Ghana. 
 The overriding conclusion that emerged from this study was the need to examine ICT use in empowering rural women within a ‘holistic’ context.

“Huge need for independent media” in Middle East: AmmanNet founder Daoud Kuttab

There are few media professionals in the Middle East who juggle as many commitments as Daoud Kuttab. Director of the Institute of Modern Media at Al Quds University and a regular columnist for the Jordan Times and Jerusalem Post, perhaps his greatest achievement has been as founder and chief of the Arab World’s first online community radio station AmmanNet. So what has online radio achieved in Jordan? And where can it go from here? Co-Editor and Publisher of Arab Media & Society finds out (to listen to this interview, click here). Pintak: Daoud this station evolved from a purely Internet operation. Tell me about the origins. Kuttab: Well it actually started as an experiment. I was attending a conference in 2000 in Jordan with the International Press Institute and the Jordanian Minister of Information who was boasting that in Jordan the Internet is not censored, there are no proxies, anybody can do anything on the Internet. And I knew that in Jordan private radio was not allowed so I said I’m going to start a radio station on the Internet. And I did and it was a big success. Jordan is very close to Palestine, and there are FM radio stations in Palestine, so we asked stations there to download some of our radio programs and re-broadcast them back on the FM frequency so people in Jordan could hear things about themselves. So we were kind of doing something illegal but in a legal way.

Digitalization and the Concept of "Local": The Case of Radio in Spain

Local communication has developed rapidly in Spain in recent years, both in terms of social and economic impact. Initially limited to private press and radio, the local sphere gradually saw the entry of public press, municipal radio, and television. In the 1990s, the Internet also appeared, mainly in the form of local portals. Digital technology raises new challenges. A new concept of "local" emerges and demands interpretation.

La radio aragonesa y el fracaso del Plan de Adjudicación de Frecuencias de 1998

The Government of Aragon conceded 32 frequencies of radio in 1998 destined to commercial private radios. Between the conditions that mainly were valued highlights two: the attempt to foment the plurality of the emissions and the of favoring to the companies that they bet for the own code. However, after something more than four years it has been checked like the 32 frequencies have been controlated by the big groups of media of direct form or by means of agreements of colaboration, while no operator has not been created that it bet clearly for an own grill. Including there are some nets that they have not begun to emit and anothers nets that make it only like posts repeaters. In this sense, the reduced importance of the municipal radio, of the without license radios, of the disconnections of National Radio from Spain and, above all, the lacking of a public regional radio, imply to the scarcity of contents in vicinity of this medium in Aragon.