Private Ones Research Articles

Comparative Assessment of the Implementation of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in Public and Private Health Facilities in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria.

Background:Due to the continuous increase in the spread of epidemic-prone diseases and the associated morbidity and mortality, integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) was introduced as the main strategy in resource-poor settings for the detection and notification of these diseases. Integrated disease surveillance is a combination of active and passive systems using a single infrastructure that gathers information about multiple diseases or behaviors of interest.Methods:A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2018 among selected public and private health facilities in Jos North Local Government Area (LGA), Plateau State. Quantitative data were collected with the aid of a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and facility-based checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Statistical significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05 at a 95% confidence level.Results:A total of 126 health workers were studied. IDSR-trained health personnel was found in 52.7% of the public health facilities compared with only 16.7% of the private health facilities studied (P < 0.001). Awareness of IDSR was higher in the public health facilities than in the private ones (P < 0.001). IDSR implementation was poorer in the private health facilities 40.7% compared with 76.4% in public health facilities (P < 0.001). Evidence of previous disease notification and reporting was seen only in 33.3% and 16.7% of public and private health facilities, respectively (P < 0.001).Conclusion:This study revealed that awareness and attitude of health workers in public health facilities in Jos North were higher than that of those in private health facilities and there is the sub-optimal implementation of IDSR among the health workers in Jos North LGA, especially among the private health facilities.

A Comperative Study of Instagram Pages of Two Leading Turkish Museums: Topkapı Museum and Sakıp Sabancı Museum

As the competition between the museums increase, tools like digital marketing are used to attract the stakeholders and increase museum attendance. By their nature, museums cannot be managed like regular consumer or industrial brands but there are areas where strategic moves can be made such as social communication. An important tool in this area is the social media where different means exist including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. Museums thrive to attract visitors and stay close to other stakeholders using social media. Playing a major role in tourism markets as well as cultural and educational areas, museums follow the developments in social media and adapt to changing environments. Different methods exist for the classification of museums and for this study institutional classification of museums, namely State versus Private museums were considered and compared. In Turkey, as Topkapı Museum is one of the most visited museums among state museums, whereas Sakıp Sabancı Museum is among the most visited private ones, Instagram pages of these museums were taken into consideration. This study analyzes @topkapi_sarayi and @sakipsabancimuzesi Instagram pages, compares them in terms of number of followers, posts, topics, views/likes, comments and other content. The analysis is made for the whole year 2021 coverage of each page. Content analysis technique has been applied as the research technique for the study. The data has been analysed and recorded between January 03, 2022 and January 20, 2022. As of the end of the recording period, Sakıp Sabancı Museum has approximately 196.000 followers versus Topkapı Museum has approximately 37.100 followers. The results indicate that Sakıp Sabancı Museum is much more active in terms of number of posts (337 versus 68 posts) and variety of topics shared (24 versus 8). Thus the result is reflected in the total number of Views/Likes/Comments; that is 570.855 Views/Likes and 2872 Comments for Sakıp Sabancı Museum and 137.052 Views/Likes and 674 Comments for Topkapı Museum. The study also points out some suggestions to improve Instagram Page quality, content and attract new followers for the museums. Keywords: Museum, Social media, Instagram, @topkapi_sarayi, @sakipsabancimuzesi

Changing Facet of Work Habits during Coronavirus Pandemic: An Exploration of E-Work and Its Implications on Work-Life Balance for Female Employees

Covid-19 radically shifted the way of work and its organization and that’s why, the purpose of the paper is to explore the impact of remote e-working on work-life balance for female teachers since they commenced to work in a remote way for educational purposes. The first coronavirus case was officially detected in March, 2020 in Turkey and the schools including the private ones were closed and EBA (Network of Education Informatics) TVs and its online platforms for teaching were established and all teachers started to teach in these platforms in a remote way. As a result of the pandemic, the distinction of work and non-work life was eliminated through technology use and these two became integrated. Measuring the effect of technology and e-working on work-life balance has become a ‘must’ for labor relations in these changing dynamics. The paper is an exploratory study of remote work and its influence on keeping work-life balance using qualitative thematic analysis of fourteen in depth interviews with female teachers from state institutions in Turkey. All these participants worked remotely by means of technology, which is the core of the study.

PENYULUHAN IMUNISASI DASAR ANAK PADA MASA ADAPTASI KEBIASAAN BARU

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The government has designated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a non-natural disaster in the form of an outbreak/pandemic, this determination is followed by efforts to prevent the spread of the corona virus through social restrictions, including restrictions on crowds, travel restrictions, implementation of isolation, delays and cancellations. events, as well as the closure of facilities and public service arrangements. This condition also affects the schedule and procedures for immunization services both at posyandu, puskesmas and other health facilities, including private ones). Nationally, Regency/City Immunization Coverage which reaches 80% of complete basic immunization is 37.2% of the target of 79.3% or the percentage of performance achievement is 46.9%. Universal Child Immunization (UCI) Villages are villages where 80% of the total number of infants in the village have received complete basic immunization within one year. The coverage of UCI Villages/Urbans in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province in 2020 is 99.3%, a decrease from 2019 which reached 100%. Through this health education activity, it is expected to increase public knowledge about basic immunization for children during the adaptation period of new habits at the Posyandu, Kekeran Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency, Bali with various efforts in joint activities with all parties.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

History of Judiciary of the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century in the territory of Southern Ukraine in epistolary sources

The change in the modern scientific paradigm of historical research encourages a more active study of the personal, subjective, "human" in various spheres of society. The purpose of the article: is to analyze the information potential of epistolary sources on the history of justice on the territory of Southern Ukraine in the last quarter of the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century. Research methods: biographical, comparative studies, method of internal criticism of the sources. Main results. All letters can be divided into two groups. The first being letters of various kinds, are directly in the court cases themselves. The second, being private letters of persons, mention cases of contact with the judicial system and give its characteristics. The letters preserved in court archives are divided into private and business ones. The first ones were provided as evidence in cases; the second ones were used as a power of attorney. In the first group, the most interesting is the correspondence between the leader of the nobility of Yekaterinoslav governorate, Konstantin Lalosh, and his wife, Martha, in the 1780s. Letters of assistance to high-ranking officials are informative in terms of understanding the court process, attitude to the law, and combating office abuse by members of the court. They, as well as letters of instruction (“letters of credence”) of this period sometimes contain elements of private communication. That is, business and private correspondence often had common features and similarities. In addition to the procedure for obtaining legal services, the preserved epistolary describes the procedure for examining a criminal corpse. During this period, each landowner had experience in communicating with the judiciary, often in civil proceedings. Land tenure, inheritance, conflicts were resolved through the courts, debts were withheld. There is frequent evidence of such facts in ego-documents. The result of the lawsuit is correspondence between the famous writer Vasyl Kapnist and his counterpart Tekla Tarnovska (1797–1798). The consideration of mutual claims for property rights lasted for more than 20 years, for some time it took place in the chamber of the civil court of Yekaterinoslav governorate. The case was complicated by various circumstances and finally resolved by mutual agreement outside the courtroom. There are 17 letters from both sides, which were sent in search of understanding. Equally important is brief information about the activities of the courts which occur in the correspondence of this period (for example, the published complex of letters of the Yekaterinoslav landowners the Nechaievs). Conclusions. All epistolary sources demonstrate the importance of courts in the life of the society in the Southern Ukraine in the last quarter of the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century. They tried to maintain good relations with court officials, avoided appearing before judges, but had little hope for judicial justice. Therefore, the need for control over attorneys and litigation was often pointed out; at the same time with trials, high officials and the emperor were usually addressed. Reconciliation processes were also popular. The analyzed epistolary books, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, have significant information potential for research of social, gender, economic history of the region in this period. Type of article: research.

Substantive Conditions of Adoption Regarding the Adopting Person or Family

Abstract This article analyzes the substantive conditions imposed by the Romanian legislator on persons wishing to adopt, the legal circumstances considered to be essential and indispensable for a person or a family to be able to adopt. From a historical point of view, the adoption has been permanently subject to conditions, imposed by the interests of the child without parental protection, of the state or of a logic common sense. The existence of conditions regarding the situation, attributes or aptitudes of the adopter does not contradict the general principle of non-discrimination, recognized and guaranteed by both national and international law. The regulation of restrictions on the possibility of adoption does not amount to discrimination against any citizen, as long as such restrictions or conditions are motivated by interests of a higher order than private ones and apply to all persons in a certain situation. Adoption is a complex social phenomenon due to the emotional implications on those involved in this process.

Has the University Always Been “Neoliberal”?

Has the University Always Been “Neoliberal”?

The adoption level of electronic medical records in hebron hospitals based on the electronic medical record adoption model (EMRAM)

BackgroundElectronic Medical Records (EMRs) have become a priority for hospitals, and assessing the level of deployment of EMRs nationwide is essential to better utilization. The Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM) is one of the widely used EMR assessment systems worldwide. ObjectivesStudy aims at assessing the adoption level of EMRs in Palestine using the EMRAM model, specifically Hebron city hospitals, as a case study. MethodsUsing a semi-structured interview as a research instrument, a total of 5 interviews were conducted with IT directors responsible for EMR systems used by all of the 5 hospitals in Hebron. ResultsOur study showed that EMRs in Hebron have a low level of EMR capabilities. Besides, we found Hebron public hospital is better than the private ones in adopting EMRs. RecommendationsPalestinian hospitals are advised to invest more in their EMR systems to gain more capabilities. Besides, the Palestinian Ministry of Health and the Palestinian government should encourage hospitals to proceed.

도시재생 뉴딜사업 실태분석 및 개선방안

This study was written to understand the conditions of new deal for urban regeneration and come up with improvement measures for successful promotion through actual analysis. To do so, this study classified plans for revitalization by provincial governments into unit businesses and clarified problems of the businesses on the basis of evaluation for results. Grouping problems caused by delay of business promotion into the 3 cases and 6 patternings, this study found out the three results: unsecured professionals and reckless attempts of connective projects to relevant ministries in terms of a planning stage, unsecured professionals and insufficient community governance in terms of management and lack of additional proceedings such as administrative measures and inadequate support systems for steady funds. In order to improve the problems prior evaluation standards need to be strengthened and appreciable plans such as a land bank have to be organized by national and public lands, small-sized revitalization programs and relevant measures. In terms of management, local public enterprises such as LH and private ones are encouraged to take part in urban regeneration. Finally, relevant procedures should be minimized, while reflux functions should be enhanced in order to set up sustainable management systems.

The Trilemma of 2020: Understanding Higher Education’s Fall 2020 Reopening Decision Amidst the COVID Crisis

In the summer of 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic continued to spread around the world, institutions of higher education were faced with three options in terms of their teaching modality for fall 2020: resume in-person education, switch to online delivery, or adopt a hybrid approach. This observational research study aims to tease out the variables that explain the decisions announced in summer 2020 by various colleges and universities in the United States for their planned instruction for fall 2020. We propose and test eight hypotheses related to the decision. The study found statistical confirmation that universities with higher financial stability and/or prestige tended to select the online delivery option, while lower financial stability/prestige showed a preference to stay with in-person delivery. We also found public institutions were more likely to go online than private ones. Additionally, we found statistical support for our hypotheses that universities located in Republican leaning states and also those with a religious affiliation would prefer the in-person modality. The results also confirmed our hypothesis that universities offering a higher percentage of humanities degrees would have a greater probability of choosing the in-person modality. Interestingly, we did not find statistical support for our hypothesis that the level of COVID spread in the geographical area of a university’s location would affect its decision.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Preschool Children in Baghdad, Iraq

ackground: generalized anxiety disorder is a mental health disorder manifested by a lot of worry with no real cause and more intense than situation need. Few publications on anxiety among preschool anxiety in Iraq.Objective: to report on generalized anxiety disorder among preschool children in Iraq (prevalence and determinant factors).Methods: A total 423 preschool children was included in the study. They were recruited from 4 public and 4 private kindergartens. They were selected randomly from Al-Rusafa Al-Thania Education directorate (one out 3 directorates in Al-Rusafa). Spence Child Anxiety Scale-parent version was used to assess the anxiety.Results: Generalized anxiety disorder was observed in 37.4% of children. Among the ages 4, 5, and 6 years, generalized anxiety disorder was observed in 37.2%, 35% and 4.3%, respectively. Rate of the disorder among males was 34.2% and among females was 40.2%. In public kindergartens the rate of the disorder was significantly higher (43%)than in private ones (31.6%). In low, middle and high socioeconomic status the rate of disorder were 57.7%, 29.2% and 34.4%, respectively. Paternal and maternal educational levels were significantly affecting the rate of generalized anxiety disorder (p = 0.003 and 0.009, respectively). The rate of the disorder among preschool children cared by one parent was significantly higher (86.6%) than those cared by both parents (27.4%) (p=0.0001).Conclusion: A high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among preschool children was observed. Private kindergarten showed lower rate of the disorder than the public ones.

Knowledge of medical students about perioperative nutritional care in Bahia, Brazil: a transversal study

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the medical students’ knowledge about perioperative nutritional care. These students are from public and private academic institutions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to analyze medical students based on an online instrument regarding topics related to perioperative care. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. Fisher's Exact Test and G Test were used to analyze the association. Results: 209 responses were obtained. Regarding the learning on nutritional preparation of the patient submitted to a surgery, 25 (64.9%) students of public institutions and 90 (52.3%) students of private ones reported not knowing or not having been exposed to such knowledge. Regarding the importance of addressing topics related to nutritional therapy (NT), 37 (100%) students from public institutions and 168 (97.7%) from private ones recognize the importance of spreading this knowledge. Unnecessary absolute preoperative fasting, shortening techniques of fasting and bronchoaspiration prevention and reintroduction time of a diet in the postoperative period are unknown to most of the population studied. CONCLUSION: Most students included in this study do not have satisfactory knowledge in NT and for preparing the surgical patient.

Impact of Knowledge of Natural Sciences on ENEM Performance: Considerations about Scientific and Technological Inequality to Social Justice

This paper sets out from the perspective sociology of education and sociology of science, aiming: analyze the performance of students in nature sciences compared to other areas of knowledge in the National High School Exam; analyze the performance of candidates from public schools and private schools; present preliminary considerations that indicate how the presence of scientific laboratories in schools show some evidence of improvement in performance. The debate goes through by mobilizing the concept of scientific inequality and cultural goodwill to propose an interpretation of data that allows a comparison between the performance in natural sciences of students from several school systems by comparative analysis among public and private schools. The data selection it reports on the microdata of the National High School Exam (ENEM) — 2017 edition — which was investigated the results of students from the final year (senior year) who scores between 600 and 1000 points in natural sciences in order to compare these results with other areas of knowledge. The data show that students from public schools have proportionally more significant performance (between fields of knowledge) in hard sciences (and writing) than students from private schools. In addition, it is found in this range of score of the analysis a disproportion of representativeness of students from public schools on objection of private ones that can be interpreted as a marked characteristic of social and educational inequality in the country.

Public vs. private job dilemma: Influencing factors in career selection for university graduates.

The unprecedented growth of educated workforce following the economic development and diversity in workplace has widened the career choices of young people in Bangladesh. However, it intensifies a dilemma among the job seekers about determining their career goals, because career goals are often influenced by certain socio-demographic and cultural aspects. Hence, this cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the career choices of university students in Bangladesh and to identify its determinants. Administering a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ), data were collected from 422 students at a public university using the multistage stratified sampling. Data were analyzed by bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (exploratory factor analysis and binary logistic regression) analyses. Findings suggest that the career choices of students vary regarding their gender, religion, and academic track. For example, female (AOR: 0.281; 95% CI: 0.144 to 0.547) and Muslim (AOR: 3.648; 95% CI: 1.765 to 7.542) students preferred public jobs, whereas students of commerce (AOR: 0.344; 95% CI: 0.144 to 0.820) went for private ones. Among socioeconomic issues, only the father’s occupation had a substantial effect on career decisions (AOR: 0.347; 95% CI: 0.144 to 0.820). The career choice was also determined by the job prospects (AOR: 1.251; 95% CI: 1.161 to 1.347), preference of family (AOR: 1.238; 95% CI: 1.099 to 1.394), as well as job diversity (AOR: 0.879; 95% CI: 0.795 to 0.972). Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the government should address the trends and patterns of career choices of students through empirical research when formulating future educational and career-related policies in Bangladesh.

News Recommender Systems and News Diversity, Two of a Kind? A Case Study from a Small Media Market

Content recommender systems have become commonplace in all digital platforms, and they profoundly alter the media content presented to users. This also applies to news recommender systems (NRSs) used by media companies. However, as it is generally accepted that diverse news coverage is crucial to maintain democratic societies, the role of NRSs is frequently questioned. We assess the development processes of NRSs at three media companies: two private ones active in several European countries, and one public service broadcaster, using a previously established conceptual model for news diversity. Ultimately, we find that news personalization is currently still more of an idea than an actual recurrent practice, and that the application of NRSs is integrated and harmonized across countries and/or other types of new media types (e.g., streaming services) of the same company. We highlight similarities and differences in approaches, objectives and rationales between private and public companies.

Reading Urban Green Morphology to Enhance Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Six Southern European Cities

A loss of natural capital within cities and their surrounding areas has been noticed over the last decades. Increasing development associated with higher sealing rates has caused a general loss of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) within the urban environment, whereas urban sprawl and the improvement of road networks have deeply fragmented the surrounding landscape and jeopardized ecosystems connectivity. UGS are an essential component of the urban system, and their loss has a greater impact on, e.g., ecological and hydrological processes, threatening human well-being. Different types and spatial configurations of UGS may affect their own ability to provide ecosystem services, such as biodiversity support and water regulation. Nevertheless, the study of UGS spatial patterns is a research branch poorly addressed. Moreover, UGS analyses are mainly focused on public and vast green spaces, but seldom on informal, private, and interstitial ones, returning a myopic representation of urban green areas. Therefore, this study investigates the UGS spatial patterns within six Southern European cities, using the urban morphology analysis to assess all urban vegetated lands. Results revealed three main Urban Green Spatial Patterns (UGSPs): Fragmented, Compact, and Linear Distributions. UGSPs taxonomy represents a novelty in the urban morphology field and may have important implications for the ability to provide ecosystem services and, thus, human well-being.

Understanding Consumer Stockpiling during the COVID-19 Outbreak through the Theory of Planned Behavior

We use the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate determinants of stockpiling behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown. We analyzed 518 responses to an online survey and used Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) techniques to estimate relationships between variables. Negative attitude (perceived barriers) and others’ behavior (descriptive social norms) were revealed as significant predictors for both intention to over-purchase and the actual stockpiling behavior. The lack of significance obtained for perceived behavioral control (PBC) is also an important result, strengthening the evidence that factors’ contribution to TPB’s predictive power is strongly context-dependent, respectively that PBC is less relevant in settings dominated by uncertainty. The lack of significance is especially compelling when stockpiling behavior is regarded as deviant conduct from effective consumption. Our findings expand the understanding on the applicability of TPB and offer informed practical suggestions for improving managerial strategies, public and private ones, during extreme events when self-regulation and cognitive control are expedient but hard to achieve.

Are public employees more satisfied than private ones? The mediating role of job demands and job resources

FinalidadeEste artigo compara a satisfação profissional nos sectores público e privado e o papel mediador de várias exigências e recursos de emprego na relação entre o sector do emprego e a satisfação profissional.Concepção/metodologia/abordagemCom base no modelo Job Demands-Resources (JD-R), defendemos que as diferenças na satisfação no emprego eram em grande parte explicadas pelas características do emprego fornecidas em cada sector. Os dados provêm do Inquérito à Qualidade da Vida Profissional (QWLS), uma amostra representativa de 6.024 funcionários públicos e privados espanhóis.ConclusõesO estudo revelou que os funcionários públicos estavam mais satisfeitos do que os privados. Esta relação foi parcialmente mediada por exigências e recursos de emprego, o que significa que os sectores público e privado de emprego proporcionavam condições de trabalho diferentes. Os funcionários públicos, em geral, tinham menos exigências e mais recursos de emprego do que os privados, o que resultou em diferentes níveis de satisfação no emprego. Além disso, a mediação parcial indicou que os funcionários públicos estão mais satisfeitos do que os privados, apesar de contabilizarem várias exigências de emprego e recursos laborais.Limitações/implicações da investigaçãoEmbora os resultados deste estudo tenham salientado a importância relativa das exigências e dos recursos do emprego para a satisfação dos trabalhadores públicos e privados, a generalização dos resultados para outros países deve ser limitada, uma vez que o estudo apenas utilizou dados de um único país.Implicações práticasUma parte significativa do efeito positivo na satisfação profissional dos funcionários públicos é canalizada através dos níveis mais baixos de trabalho de rotina e do menor número de horas de trabalho necessárias e através de melhores recursos laborais, tais como salários mais elevados, mais teletrabalho, maiores perspectivas no trabalho, e mais utilidade na formação. Para melhorar a satisfação profissional, é evidente que os gestores devem prestar especial atenção a coisas como o trabalho de rotina, horas de trabalho, formação, e teletrabalho.Originalidade/valorEste artigo contribui para a compreensão de como várias exigências e recursos laborais desempenham simultaneamente um papel de mediação na explicação da relação entre o sector do emprego e a satisfação profissional.

Benchmarking the efficiency of water and sewerage companies: Application of the stochastic non-parametric envelopment of data (stoned) method

Many regulators employ frontier techniques to measure the performance of regulated monopolistic companies. This study estimates the cost efficiency of the water sector using the stochastic non-parametric envelopment of data (StoNED) method which brings together the qualities of both data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). This technique is applied to several Chilean private and public water companies without and with the inclusion of several environmental variables. The results indicated that the water industry demonstrated high levels of cost efficiency. Based on average results, it appeared that the public water company performed slightly better than private ones, with full private water companies being more efficient than concessionary. However, the analysis of the trend in companies’ efficiency revealed that full private water companies’ efficiency increased over the years 2010–2018, whereas the opposite was true for the public water company. It is also found that environmental variables might have a higher impact on public water company costs and inefficiency than private ones.

How to Rebuild the Quality of Public Services at the Local Government Level During the Covid-19 Pandemic from the Transaction Cost Theory Perspective

Purpose: The objective of paper is to consider transaction cost theory to analyse and improve local government operations during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article was prepared according to a neo-institutional approach, combining systemic, institutional and comparative methods. Findings: Public forms of performing public tasks (budgetary establishments and budgetary units) at the local government level during the Covid-19 pandemic enable the restoration of the quality of public services and counteract speculation in the market of public goods and services. Practical Implications: The paper presents a universal mechanism for selecting organisational forms of performing public tasks based on transaction cost theory that can be used by local authorities, civil servants and public sector experts alike during the Covid-19 pandemic. Originality/Value: The comparison of public task forms with private ones highlighted the important role played by local government in rebuilding the market of public goods and services during the Covid-19 pandemic.