Private Newspapers Research Articles

Public Information and Ultranationalism in Myanmar: A Thematic Analysis of Public and Private Newspaper Coverage

International focus on the Myanmar military regime and liberalization and reform within the nation’s press circles has increased, in light of the ongoing plight of the Rohingya people. Where information and official messaging has been tightly controlled, differentiation in products of government-led and private-sector news outlets is worthy of attention. This study offers a thematic analysis of news reporting in Myanmar, considering: What can be learned from a comparison of public and private news sources in Myanmar about the coverage of the Rohingya genocide? Discussions of literature on the Rohingya experience in Myanmar as well as fascism and ultranationalism provide context. The analysis showed that private news has responded to semi-democratic tendencies, but remains resistant to interpretations that overstep governmental norms; state-run news coverage is a world and reality unto its own, favoring elite perspectives. The result is an increasingly divided portrayal of a story with international importance.

Debates on CCP Newspaper Policy in Hong Kong Circa 1949 and the Elimination of Private Newspapers in the Early 1950s in the PRC

Drawing upon secret correspondence between the British colonial government in Hong Kong and the Foreign Office in London, Hong Kong newspapers and individual memoirs, this paper examines how the British colonial government enabled CCP propaganda that shaped the formation of the early news policies of the newly founded PRC. Challenging the conclusions of previous scholarship, this study argues that while Hong Kong was the centre of political debates regarding whether privately-owned newspapers could exist in the PRC, Communist Party leaders in Hong Kong reached an internal consensus regarding press reform well before the New Democracy Revolution was aborted. Furthermore, the democrats and private newspapers runners, who were the intended objects of transformation, contributed to the process of the demise of private newspapers without requiring recourse to violent-means on the part of the Communists.

Фельетоны Ф. В. Волховского (Ивана Брута) в «Сибирской газете»

F. V. Volkhovsky lived in Tomsk since 1881. Almost immediately he began to actively cooperate with the “Siberian newspaper” and eventually became its leading feuilletonist. During his work, Volkhovsky published 89 feuilletons on its pages, more than half of the edition’s feuilletons. A huge role in the formation of the poetics of feuilletons by F. V. Volkhovsky is played by “literary masks” with characteristic features of his biography and personal qualities. The work of F. V. Volkhovsky with the images of feuilletonists is best manifested in the image of Ivan Brut. It is in the feuilletons of Ivan Brut that the dialogicity is manifested, which was not previously characteristic of the author, and also the diversity of satire is revealed even deeper – in the materials there are many characters with whom the feuilletonist discusses the phenomena of social life. Ivan Brut is the most frequent image of the feuilletonist used by F. V. Volkhovsky – 22 feuilletons have been written under this pseudonym. The purpose of this study is to clarify the features and meaning of the feuilletonist’s image in the materials of F. V. Volkhovsky on the example of the narrator Ivan Brut (1883–1888). As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that Ivan Brut was perhaps the brightest character in the artistic and journalistic history of the first private newspaper in Western Siberia. This is the only full-fledged and thoughtful image of the feuilletonist – with his pedigree, biography and position, on many issues (in view of the democratization of the image) different from the author’s. Thus, Ivan Brut becomes not just a pseudonym, but a full- fledged co-author who constantly refers the reader to the same artistic images and thoughts. Despite a similar populist position with the author, Ivan Brut was able to “separate” from his personality and become a separate figure and a full-fledged member of the editorial board. The tradition of creating “literary masks” of feuilletonists was continued in the Tomsk newspaper “Sibirskaya Zhizn” (1894–1919), which to some extent was the “heir” of the “Sibirskaya Gazeta”. This technique expanded the satirical possibilities of feuilletonists, made it possible to involve readers in the literary game, and thereby increased interest in public problems that were discussed in the feuilletons. The image of Ivan Brut created by Volkhovsky in this respect turned out to be a kind of “reference point” for all subsequent generations of Tomsk feuilletonists of the 19 th – early 20 th centuries.

Специфика цензурного надзора за частной периодической печатью Томска конца XIX века

Purpose. The aim is to identify the features of censorship of Tomsk private newspapers at the end of the 19th century – in the 1880s, when the city did not yet have a special censor, and its functions were assigned to the chairman of the Tomsk provincial government. The research material is archival files stored in the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Tomsk Region, as well as reviews and letters from Siberian Newspaper journalists about the period of their cooperation with the publication. Results. As a result of studying a document entitled “Note on the difficulties with censoring private periodicals in Tomsk”, which is part of the case “On publishing a Siberian Newspaper in Tomsk” (storage location is the Russian State Historical Archive), stages of preliminary censorship of Tomsk publications, the organization of activities for censoring newspapers was revealed, the conditions in which Tomsk censors worked were described. The content of the document indicates the absence of a clear organization of interaction between the censor and the newspaper, as the Tomsk censor was not relieved of his duties as chairman of the provincial board. Censorship was carried out to the detriment of the official’s core business, and therefore articles were often passed to the press that were criticized by the Main Press Directorate, local authorities and private individuals. Conclusion. The study concludes that the absence of a separate censor was a serious obstacle to the further development of journalism in Tomsk.

Злой цензор, добрый цензор: специфика цензурирования первой частной газеты в Томске («Сибирская газета», 1881-1888 гг.)

Злой цензор, добрый цензор: специфика цензурирования первой частной газеты в Томске («Сибирская газета», 1881-1888 гг.)

In the Service of Press Freedom or the Imperial Agenda? Negotiating Repression and Coloniality in Zimbabwean Journalism

Ideological differences relating to the normative expectations of media performance in Zimbabwe have, historically, been at the heart of debates and struggles around press freedom and media activism. On one hand, political leaders, who lean towards nationalist politics, have accused the media and media activists who are mostly part of the Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), of undertaking colonial work. In some cases, the private media have been characterised as running dogs of imperialism. On the other hand, media activists and journalists, have accused the government of limiting the space for meaningful engagement in media work through harsh laws and the arrests of journalists. These activists and journalists, ideologically located mostly in the terrain of a free market liberal understanding of media and politics, have also accused the government of using soft strategies such as starving private newspapers of government advertising and the huge revenue that comes with it. Former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe has given as good as he has got in this ideological war. He has accused the private media of colluding with the Western media to tarnish the image of the country. In turn, he has been described as a media hangman. Using a combination of archival research and in-depth interviews with journalists, media activists and politicians, this paper gives a historicised account of this ideological struggle and seeks to engage with questions concerning the meaning of press freedom and media activism in Zimbabwe.

Effect of Press Freedom on Sudanese Newspapers Framing of Corruption Issues

<em><span lang="EN-MY">This research aims at exploring the effect of the press freedom on the newspapers’ framing of the issue of corruption in Sudan. A qualitative method was adopted using in-depth interviews to adequately explore the perspectives of the Sudanese journalists and editors towards the press freedom effect on the Sudanese newspapers in terms of framing the issues of corruption. A purposeful sampling was employed in selecting 20 Sudanese journalists and editors across both the governmental and private newspapers. Therefore, the study has significantly contributed to the overall perspectives of how newspapers framing affects public awareness about corruption and possible remedies in Sudan. The findings revealed that the legislation is significant in developing the press industry which has a great role in addressing the issues of corruptions.</span></em>

“Land Reform Costly”: Zimbabwe Land Reform Negation Discourse in the Print Media

The Zimbabwean land reform programme’s inception and impact have been studied from various disciplinary perspectives chronicling and profiling its negatives and positives. However, very few discourse-linguistic studies have been carried out on this topic, even though the media is evaluative in its reporting of relevant news. The media’s digestion and subjectivity in news reporting is well documented, making objectivity in news reporting a “myth.” The dichotomisation of news reporting is evident in state and private newspapers. This study is an appraisal and controversy analysis of negation and affirmation discourse realised in private and state print media in Zimbabwe. Though it is known that the private media is a mouthpiece of opposition political parties, evaluations of negation discourse on the Zimbabwean land reform programme have not been carried out. The study appraises the use of negation discourse in the Zimbabwean independent print media and questions whether the media’s projections are controversial and/or myths.

Del Senado al @senadoesp, 40 años de comunicación en la Cámara Alta

La comunicación en el Senado durante estos últimos 40 años ha tenido como objetivo acercar la Cámara a los ciudadanos, en un principio a través de los medios de comunicación y en la actualidad también a través de las redes sociales con la creación de perfiles en Twitter, Instagram y YouTube.
 Durante este camino, el Senado ha abierto sus debates a todos los ciudadanos con la emisión de sus reuniones parlamentarias en la web de la Cámara y ha mantenido en todo momento sus puertas abiertas a los medios de comunicación que en estos 40 años se han multiplicado con la aparición de las televisiones privadas, autonómicas y los diarios digitales. En estos momentos, el Senado cuenta con 2687 periodistas acreditados y aunque se sigue luchando contra el “muro de silencio”, puntualmente todas las miradas se centran en su trabajo parlamentario, como ocurrió con la tramitación del artículo 155 de la Constitución. El departamento de Medios de Comunicación cumplió con su labor: informando, acreditando, organizando a la prensa en la Cámara, facilitando la señal de TV y radio y contando lo que pasaba a través de las redes sociales. No obstante, lleva 40 años trabajando, codo con codo, con los medios de comunicación y ahora también asumiendo el reto de la comunicación directa con los ciudadanos.

La imagen institucional del Congreso de los Diputados en 40 años de historia: del escenario parlamentario a la creación audiovisual

El presente artículo describe una panorámica general de la evolución de la instalación e imagen audiovisual del Congreso de los Diputados en sus últimos 40 años, destacando sus fases más relevantes y señalando los retos que se han ido planteando en cada momento de cambio tecnológico. Se destacan las necesidades y oportunidades que se han presentado y sus soluciones. Se establece como eje de su evolución la distribución y difusión de la producción audiovisual por diferentes soportes y plataformas, especialmente la señal de televisión para los medios de comunicación internos y externos, la web del Congreso y la difusión del Canal Parlamento por satélite. Se describe el origen, evolución y tendencias de una nueva forma de mostrar en imágenes lo que sucede dentro de la Institución.

1920년 조선어 민간신문 창간의 배경과 과정

1920년 조선어 민간신문 창간의 배경과 과정

일제 검열에 대한 조선어 민간신문의 대응양상 연구

일제 검열에 대한 조선어 민간신문의 대응양상 연구

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ СОБЫТИЙ НА СТРАНИЦАХ АРМАВИРСКОЙ ГАЗЕТЫ «ОТКЛИКИ КАВКАЗА» НАКАНУНЕ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ (1909-1914): К ПОНИМАНИЮ СПЕЦИФИКИ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ГАЗЕТЫ

The article examines the problem of representing foreign policy events in the pages of Armavir private newspaper “Otkliki Kavkaza” (“Caucasian Voices”) before the First World War (1909-1914) regarding information policy of this regional newspaper. Special attention is paid to the publications on the Balkan wars and Russian-German relations. The author tries to identify the correlation between the information policy of the newspaper in the First World War period and the peculiarities of representing foreign events in the pre-war period.

How diverse are Egypt’s media: A look at the post-revolution presidential elections

Abstract This article examines media diversity and inclusiveness of the coverage in Egypt through a content analysis of Egyptian media during the first Presidential elections following the 25 January revolution of 2011. Diversity is defined as the inclusiveness of different groups in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, age, income-based discrimination, gender and any other factors that make individuals or groups different from, but equal to, each other. The author used quantitative content analysis of four popular state and private newspapers and a critical analysis of the main television news bulletin and several talk shows. Overall, the coders analysed a total of 5308 stories that were published on the elections in the four newspapers. They also analysed the main news bulletin and three talk shows on state and private satellite channels. Analysis started a week before and ended a week after each round of the Presidential elections for a total of 32 monitoring days. The research addressed diversity both in terms of the agents featured in the media and the topics mentioned/discussed. The results indicate that, even though the journalistic standards were sometimes reasonable, coverage ignored important issues of substance and all issues related to inclusiveness and diversity as they relate to women, children, the elderly, religious minorities and ethnic minorities. The study concludes that diversity issues are still largely ignored in the Egyptian media.

Specialized Reporting In Nigeria: Strengths, Weaknesses and a Problematic Understanding

Beat reporting in Nigeria grew from the early 1980’s, onto the 90’s and onwards. It was out of an attempt to perfect news reporting, by encouraging specialization amongst reporters. This paper analyses the expansion of the trend, from when, particularly, private newspapers were established, up until the coming of online journalism, reasoning that while the private media organisations gave further meaning to the practice, the public media had earlier engaged in it through only a concentration on government departments. It noted the evolution of sundry beats in the county’s journalism space as including Ports, Judiciary, Defence, Foreign Affairs, Information Technology, Crime, Science, Health, Technology, Travel and Tourism, Entertainment, Lifestyle, Business, Police Affairs, Energy, Politics, Transport, Sports, City, Education, Culture, Religion, Aviation, Oil and Gas, amongst others, arguing that while the outlining of these beats were concerted attempts at improving the quality of news reports, and the coverage of different sectors of society, there are still more definition of beats to be done. And beyond that is the need for the beats to be understood as news sources rather than income sources, as the profession grapples with differentiated levels of perversions, mediocrity, and corruption.

THE REPORTAGE OF LAND AND OWNERSHIP IN SELECTED PRIVATE MEDIA IN ZIMBABWE

The aim of this article is to scrutinise how the concepts of land and land ownership were discussed in the private media in Zimbabwe during the zimbabwe land reform exercise – dubbed ‘the third Chimurenga’ that took place in the period 2000–2008. Using textual analysis, the articles argues that ownership of land, according to the so called ‘private or independent’ newspapers in Zimbabwe was supposed to be accorded to the farmer or person, regardless of the racial bias, who was more productive on the land and who was contributing more to the economic well-being of the nation (zimbabwe). Accordingly, the private newspapers in zimbabwe regarded land as belonging to, or as the rightful property of the white commercial farmers/settlers because they perceived them to be more productive on the land than the native people of Zimbabwe who were ultimately seen and labelled as invaders on the so-called white commercial farms. In order to substantiate the above claims and arguments, a number of The Daily News stories of the period were purposively sampled and are used as examples.

An opposition newspaper under an oppressive regime: A critical analysis of The Daily News

Abstract This study focuses on the unprecedented ways in which newspaper journalism helped the cause of democratisation at the height of the economic and political governance crisis, also known as the ‘Zimbabwe Crisis’, from 1997 to 2010. The research is designed as a qualitative case study of The Daily News, an independent private newspaper. It was based on semi-structured interviews with respondents, who were mainly journalists and politicians living in Zimbabwe. The analytical lens of alternative media facilitates a construction of how The Daily News and its journalists experienced, reported, confronted and navigated state authoritarianism in a historical moment of political turmoil. The study discusses the complex relationships between the independent and privately owned press, the political opposition and civil society organisations. The research provides an original analysis of the operations of The Daily News and its journalists in the context of a highly undemocratic political moment. Some journalists crossed the floor to join civic and opposition forces in order to confront the state. The state responded through arrests and physical attacks against the journalists; however, journalists continued to work with opposition forces while the government enacted repressive media and security law to curtail coverage of the crisis.

Characteristics of the Editorial and Advertisement Content of the Omani Arabic Dailies Front Page: A Study on Content and Communicator

This study aims to identify the characteristics of the editorial and advertisement content of the Omani Arabic dailies front page. It explores the characteristics and attitudes of front page editors and journalists. The study adopts a media survey methodology and uses content analysis in addition to the unstructured interview to study both the editorial and advertisement contents. The study also studies the nature of the editorial policies affecting content published in the front page of the newspapers in question. The results reveal the dominance of editorial content over advertisement content in the front page, with 67% for editorial content, and only 33% for advertisement content. The study shows that private newspapers are more interested in advertisement content than public newspapers. The results also indicate that newspapers rely on their own sources in gathering news for the front page. The study shows that 4% of the news published on the front page appeared with anonymous sources.

Characteristics of the Editorial and Advertisement Content of the Omani Arabic Dailies Front Page: A Study on Content and Communicator

This study aims to identify the characteristics of the editorial and advertisement content of the Omani Arabic dailies front page. It explores the characteristics and attitudes of front page editors and journalists. The study adopts a media survey methodology and uses content analysis in addition to the unstructured interview to study both the editorial and advertisement contents. The study also studies the nature of the editorial policies affecting content published in the front page of the newspapers in question. The results reveal the dominance of editorial content over advertisement content in the front page, with 67% for editorial content, and only 33% for advertisement content. The study shows that private newspapers are more interested in advertisement content than public newspapers. The results also indicate that newspapers rely on their own sources in gathering news for the front page. The study shows that 4% of the news published on the front page appeared with anonymous sources.

Escrituras escolares personales. Una mirada a los cuadernos de alumnos argentinos (1930-2014)

The article deals with the issues related to school writing in the intermediate grades of elementary school (third, fourth and fifth grade) in Argentina in the period between 1930 and the present. The focus is on the traditional written tasks known as composition or essay, analyzing the notebook as medium and format for school writing. Into this specific framework a mayor emphasis is given to some personal expressions shown. To this aim, the documentary source considered were the school notebooks collected in the Museum of the School (Buenos Aires, Argentina), both from public and private schools, and newspapers, magazines and publications that included students’ written productions.