Private Domain Research Articles

Establishing Ethical Relationships through Care Education

This thesis begins by acknowledging that there are more suffering and more discriminating people, as Zizek said, that the fear of Pandemic is more clearly revealing the widespread discrimination in our society. From this idea, I would like to answer the question of what the relationship with the other should be in this era. In particular, modern society seems to regard rationality as the only tool in solving social problems and establishing ethical relationships in the community. is rationality truly the one and only tool at our disposal to help us solve the problems of modern society? In response to this question, we focus on the ethics of caring as a means to solve the problem in a ‘different’ way. In particular, we will examine how the ethics of caring, which begins with Gilligan, shows a critical view of the existing rationality-oriented ethical attitude. We then outline how Noddings, who followed, laid the foundation for ethical education through this perspective. The ethics of caring plays a role in making care lead from natural care to ethical care, and making the ethics of caring no longer remain in the private domain of intimacy. The necessity of caring education is being discussed not only in the realm of ethics but also in the realm of politics. In addition to Noddings, it should be understood that Tronto and Engster want to establish a community as a more essential relationship by systematizing and theorizing caring education. Through this discussion, we will show that Noddings' ethics of caring can indeed be extended beyond a feminine perspective to that of an ethics of caring for others. Morevover, we will show that an ethics of caring implies a perspective that is actually centered on others in that the first caring begins by responding to the call of others, rather than caring for others from the standpoint of the subject based on identity.

‘Stayhome’ as a YouTube performance: representing and reshaping domestic space under the 2020 covid lockdown in Italy

ABSTRACT What does ‘staying at home’ mean, and how is it represented online, once it suddenly becomes a legal obligation? This article explores the ways to display and resignify the domestic space through the frames of YouTube during the first nationwide lockdown in Italy in spring 2020. While being enforced at home, and possibly as a way to cope with this, YouTube creators perceive, display and (re)adapt their dwellings in contrasting ways along the continuum between safe shelter and prison; as proper domestic space but also as functional equivalent of extra-domestic ones such as gyms and offices; as the necessary backdrop for their performances or as a setting to be exhibited in its own right. Based on a content analysis of 989 videos using the hashtag #iorestoacasa [‘I’m staying home’] between March and May 2020, this article explores how the domestic space is turned into a stage for public (YouTube-mediated) activities, thereby revealing an increasing permeability between private and public domain. This, in turn, invites to further investigate the complex entanglements of private and public, ‘displayed’ and ‘invisibilized’, as an expression of the constitutive ambivalence of the home.

Exploring Airbnb Host Wellbeing and Host-Guest Conflicts in Network Hospitality.

Despite a plethora of studies examining hosting experiences of Airbnb guests, the wellbeing of hosts has received limited attention. Drawing on both top-down and bottom-up theories of wellbeing, we explore the different ways in which Airbnb enhances or diminishes host wellbeing using a multidimensional lens (material, relational and subjective wellbeing). Data is collected from in-depth interviews with twenty-two Airbnb hosts. We also identify tensions and conflicts in the host-guest relationship using the three interactional hospitality domains of commercial, social and private. Through a deductive process, we find that participating in Airbnb both enhances and diminishes the material, relational and subjective aspects of wellbeing for hosts. Inductively, we find that a lack of territorial boundaries in shared accommodation contribute to conflicts that reduce wellbeing. This exemplifies a tension that exists in the private-commercial domain of network hospitality provision. We provide implications for peer-to-peer accommodation providers on developing the managerial skills of hosts, and helping hosts set realistic expectations around hosting to reduce the conflicts and tensions that arise from the intersectionality of the various Airbnb hospitality domains in such a way that the wellbeing of hosts is enhanced.

Governance of Fragmented Compliance and Voluntary Carbon Markets Under the Paris Agreement

Over the past two decades, the emergence of multiple carbon market segments has led to fragmentation of governance of international carbon markets. International baseline-and-credit systems for greenhouse gas mitigation have been repeatedly expected to wither away, but show significant resilience. Still, Parties to the Paris Agreement have struggled to finalize rules for market-based cooperation under Article 6, which are still being negotiated. Generally, there is tension between international top-down and bottom-up governance. The former was pioneered through the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol and is likely to be utilized for the Article 6.4 mechanism, while the latter was used for the first track of Joint Implementation and will be applied for Article 6.2. Voluntary carbon markets governed bottom-up and outside the Kyoto Protocol by private institutions have recently gained importance by offering complementary project types and methodological approaches. The clear intention of some Parties to use market-based cooperation in order to reach their nationally determined contributions to the Paris Agreement have led to an ongoing process of navigating the alignment of these fragmented carbon market instruments with the implementation of nationally determined contributions and Paris Agreement’s governance architecture. We discuss emerging features of international carbon market governance in the public and private domain, including political and technical issues. Fragmented governance is characterized by different degrees of transparency, centralization, and scales. We assess the crunch issues in the Article 6 negotiations through the lens of these governance features and their effectiveness, focusing on governance principles and their operationalization to ensure environmental integrity and avoid double counting.

Studying the Poetics of Violence: A Critical Take on the Selected Works of Dalit and Tribal Women Poets

Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye helped me to understand what it meant to be born black, poor woman in the USA. Her work gave me an ideal platform to explore what it means to be born a poor Dalit woman in contemporary India. In order to understand the layered connotation of the lives of Dalit women, I deliberated upon the selected poetry by Dalit and tribal women poets and came to the conclusion that apparent similarity between the two contexts comes under scanner and ends abruptly with the following comment by Bell Hook in her book Feminist Theory: From Margin to Centre. She writes, ‘when the child of two black parents is coming out of the womb the factor that is considered first is skin colour, then gender, because race and gender will determine that child’s fate’. On the contrary, a child of two parents from a lower caste will remain a low caste because caste is infallible and independent of the truce of fate-determining the skin colour that may redefine the gender experience. As a Telugu Dalit poet, Chillappa Swaroopa Rani laments, ‘Stamped with a low caste, I was born/that day it-self branded slut.’ Thus, the thrust of this article is not to bring forth the comparative study between the two contexts but to crystallize the issues of Dalit women as enunciated in their poetry and to engage with the nuances of gender and caste that punctuate their day-to-day lives. This article encompasses the post-colonial feminism theoretical framework that resists the universalization of feminist issues seen and perceived only from the ‘Euro-American feminists’ point of view and ignores the differences in race, ethnicity, regional diversity, etc., through which a woman experiences her gender biases. The selected Dalit poets are Rajni Tilak, Poonam Tushamed, Rajni Anuragi, Sushila Takbhure, Kunti and Nirmal Putul. The main issues expressed in a tribal poet’s works remain Jal-Jungle-Zameen, human trafficking, a lack of legal documentation, witch hunting, etc., while Dalit poets stress on police atrocities, a lack of basic amenities, a lack of quality schools for their children, a lack of access to health care, the domineering influence of patriarchy that punctures their private and public domain, etc.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS

Purpose: Rice farming has immense scope in sustaining the livelihood of millions of farmers. Being a diverse ecological and socially background country, Kenya is lagging behind the developed countries in agriculture sectors. To manage all the knowledge available in public, as well as private domain, it needs to integrate and make it accessible to all the stakeholders of agriculture, especially farmers.
 Methodology: Research carried out in 2011 in Kirinyaga district, Kenya, shows how sense-making theory and methodology can be used to assess the use of local agricultural and external knowledge by small-scale farmers and its effects on small-scale agriculture. Two knowledge systems, the local knowledge system and the external or scientific knowledge system, are considered dominant. The two systems can be synergistic and small-scale farmers have mixed them in their farming activities. Blending systems improve communication, livelihoods, and economies within local communities, and increases their participation in development. Data were collected in focus group discussions with farmers' groups and interviews with individual farmers.
 Results: Results show that most farmers in Kirinyaga use external agricultural information in their farming practices. A significant number use combined external agricultural information and local knowledge, which forms a third knowledge system. This third system requires the validation of the farmers' innovations and documentation of the knowledge for wider dissemination.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Information providers should adopt policies that promote the use of the three knowledge systems by small-scale farmers. The study was conducted in a single agribusiness chain. Future studies may look at another method of knowledge management assessment to see if the results will be similar. The results can contribute to the development of programs and policies, incorporating knowledge management into agribusiness as a competitive strategy.

Expatriate’s food adaptation: when does acculturation elicit social identification vs differentiation?

PurposeExtant literature informs that expatriates develop a natural inclination towards host country food with increased acculturation. However, this study argues that expatriates might have divergent goals in different domains of food adaptation (private vs public), which eventually sheds new light on their acculturation process. This paper aims to investigate how expatriate's adaptation in private vis-a-vis public domain influences their food consumption behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on the optimal distinctiveness theory and domain-specific view of adaptation and tests the food adaptation outcomes of expatriates’ acculturation through social interactions with the local community. A survey was conducted among 120 expatriate newcomers currently living and working in the Middle East.FindingsThe findings show that acculturation positively influences food adaptation in the private (local food consumption), whereas its relationship with food adaptation in the public domain (local restaurant visits) assumes an inverted U-shape. Furthermore, the authors find that the latter relationship is negatively moderated by expatriate’s overall experience and positively moderated by uncertainty avoidance, which also unfolds situations when an expatriate follows social identification vis-à-vis differentiation pattern.Originality/valueThis work goes beyond the traditional focus on acculturation through social identification and provides evidence that differentiation effects must also be accounted for. The authors argue and provide empirical evidence that expatriates’ greater social interactions with the local community result in different food adaptation outcomes when private vs public consumption domains are considered. In addition, by analyzing the moderating effects of expatriate experience and uncertainty avoidance, the authors further provide evidence on when social identification vis-à-vis differentiation prevails.

The household in Isocrates’ political thought

In this article, I analyze the role the household ( oikos) plays in Isocrates through an exegesis of the author's letters to his erstwhile student and current monarch of Salamis of Cyprus, Nicocles. The monarch's household has a threefold role in the relationship between the elite ruler and his subjects. First, as the locus of his ancestors and their achievements, it offers competitors to Nicocles to be surpassed and a known standard for his subjects to judge their ruler. Second, as the source of the monarch's public outlay, the household is a means by which Nicocles can appear magnificent; at the same time, however, he should be wary lest his subjects judge him ostentatious. Third, Nicocles invites his subjects to judge his conjugal behavior, offering it as evidence of his moderation. I conclude my argument with a challenge to an interpretation of the relationship between the few and the many as a contract; rather, this relationship is better characterized through the metaphor of service ( therapeia) drawn from the household. Isocratean political thought treats private and public domains as continuous with one another, regarding participation in political institutions as neither necessary nor sufficient to achieving good political judgment.

Online communities of practice and doctoral study: working women with children resisting perpetual peripherality

ABSTRACT This article examines the lived experience of working women with ‘children’ (defined as under 18 years old) undertaking part-time PhD study. While there is much literature on the isolation of doctoral experience, the issue of, ‘mothers’ and all this identity may entail, has been overlooked. Drawing on 35 in-depth interviews, the experiences of this marginalised group in the higher education sector are explored. The study’s findings underline the tension between the public, private and professional domains, and the important role online Communities of Practice (CoPs) can play in overcoming peripherality and helping to manage the context of gendered organisational cultures. The article highlights the role of online CoP in enhancing the experience of an otherwise marginalised group, providing a space for self-expression, the development of a shared repertoire, and mutual engagement. It also has resonance in relation to the changing situation generated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Social-Ecological Approach to Studying Variation in Urban Trees and Ecosystem Services in the National Municipal District of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Maintaining a diverse urban forest that provides ecosystem services can promote urban sustainability and resilience to environmental change. Around the world, cities have taken to inventorying their urban trees and quantifying their ecosystem services but more so in industrialized counties than in Latin America. Here we describe the results of an i-Tree inventory that established 206 survey plots in the National Municipal District of Santo Domingo (NMDSD). We used social-ecological theory to evaluate potential factors that may influence urban forest structure, composition, and ecosystem services diversity across three wards with distinct social and urban characteristics. Rarefaction curves showed a diverse urban forest dominated by non-native trees that have ornamental and medicinal uses. Wards differed in species composition with palms being particularly dominant in Wards 1 and 2 where the proportion of low-income houses is smaller. Ward 1 supports high-income residential areas and Ward 3 is the area with higher population and housing densities and lower income residents. On average, we found no significant differences among wards in tree species richness, average dbh, leaf area, and percent tree cover per plot. Trees in Ward 2 were taller, on average, than those in Ward 1 but were comparable to those in Ward 3. Likewise, tree density per plot was highest in Ward 2, followed by Ward 1 and Ward 3. Despite these significant differences in stem densities, average values in four ecosystem services involving measures of carbon, rainfall, and contaminants (C-sequestration, C-storage, avoided runoff, and removal of air pollutants) were non-significant across wards. We found disproportionately more street trees in Ward 1 relative to Wards 2 and 3 and more trees in public spaces in Wards 1 and 2 relative to Ward 3. Evidence for the luxury effect on tree distribution in the NMDSD was subtle and manifested mostly through differences in species composition and tree distribution across public and private domains as well as the amount of planting space. Overall results point to inequalities in the potential of reforestation among NMDS wards and an overabundance of non-native species, which should guide urban forest management with ecosystem services and conservation goals.

The Evolution of Criminal Law in Continental Western Europe

Through the ages societies have been confronted with criminal behavior. Whenever an act was committed that that harmed an individual or threatened the whole community, the legal system had to be restored one way or another. In the course of history all sorts of methods and measures have been introduced to deal with persons who had infringed private interests or endangered the common safety. Studying the evolution of criminal law in Western Europe, from its early stages to its present form, some main features can be distinguished. One of these features is the gradual shift of criminal procedure from the private domain to the public domain. At first, there was not much public interference with criminal behavior whatsoever. For the greater part, it was up to the victim of the offence, or the family he belonged to, to take legal action against the offender. Only gradually the authorities began to consider criminal justice a matter of public interest. In the Middle Ages, judicial officials were appointed who had to bring each and every culprit to justice. They had to ensure that they were punished properly by the courts of law. To do so, the judges had a wide range of penalties at their disposal, including various species of the death penalty and other forms of corporal punishment. Meanwhile, the criminal liability of a person who had to stand trial changed drastically. No longer was an offender criminally liable for the sole reason that he had committed an unlawful act, like before, but also because he was to be blamed for having done so. When the Middle Ages came to their end, some new theories about punishment were introduced, aiming at the exclusion of wrongdoers from society by depriving them from their freedom. This new penal policy was gaining ground rapidly and would eventually lead to the introduction of various prison systems in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In that same period, ancient sources of criminal law, such as customary law, divine law and revived Roman law, lost their legal power and made way for statute law. As a result of this rise of legislation various voluminous criminal codes were issued at the end of the eighteenth century. In the course of the twentieth century most of the penal practices in Western Europe were significantly transformed. This transformation had a lot to do with the notion that one should reform the moral standards of wrongdoers, in order to prevent them from making the same mistakes again.

SHE Networks: Security, Health, and Emergency Networks Traffic Priority Management Based on ML and SDN

Recently, the increasing demand to transfer data through the Internet has pushed the Internet infrastructure to the final edge of the ability of these networks. This high demand causes a deficiency of rapid response to emergencies and disasters to control or reduce the devastating effects of these disasters. As one of the main cornerstones to address the data traffic forwarding issue, the Internet networks need to impose the highest priority on the special networks: Security, Health, and Emergency (SHE) data traffic. These networks work in closed and private domains to serve a group of users for specific tasks. Our novel proposed network flow priority management based on ML and SDN fulfills high control to give the required flow priority to SHE data traffic. The proposal relies on selected header bits from the traffic class field of a packet using the ML to prioritize traffic flows according to the precedence levels by governing the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) bits in keeping with network administrator policies. The proposed network has been evaluated and performed utilizing the MATLAB platform and the Mininet simulator. The results of extensive testing show enhancement by applying our forcing priority algorithm obtained an efficient reduction in queuing delay and lost packets. The average waiting time in queue was reduced by around 61%, and the lost packets hit 0.005% when adopting the SDN-based ML network traffic priority management.

CCTV Cameras Surveillance, Data Protection & Privacy Under International Human Rights Laws

The study aims to find out and suggest that how equilibrium among surveillance through CCTVs, right of privacy and personal data protection regime can be maintained. With the objective in mind, it discusses the CCTVs’ surveillance, its purposes, and scope of privacy in public or private domains under International Human Rights Law. It also focuses on General Data Protection Regulations, 2018 and its amplifications on CCTV surveillance.

‘A CURSE OR A BLESSING?’: THE FATE OF IBAN WOMEN IN ‘ADAT NGUAI’ AS ILLUSTRATED BY LITERARY DEVICES IN IBAN SONG LYRICS

Numerous studies have examined the depictions of men and women inIban songs. Such depictions revolve around the traditional roles of Iban men and women in both public and private domains. More studies, however, are needed to examine the nuances of these depictions, given the fact that many Iban popular songs portray gender in traditional Iban society. This paper aims to examine such nuances by exploring the fate of women in female Iban songs particularly on their rights and treatment by others as illustrated in the song lyrics. This study adopts the qualitative research design by using content analysis to analyze the description of Iban married women who decided to move out and live at their spouse home in two songs namely, ‘Tusah Belaki Nguai’ by Swaylin and ‘Tusah Nyadi Menantu’ by Linda Simai. The results show that the Iban women are 1) depicted as ‘nguai’ to her husband, who are submissive to the in laws and the husband, and 2) expected to display the quality of ‘indu tampun puji’ or ‘menantu ke dipilih’, that refers to the ideal concept of an Iban woman who is both hardworking and capable to manage the household.

Ìwà l’ẹwà: Towards a Yorùbá Feminist Ethics

This paper explores a narrative path towards foregrounding what it calls a gender-relative morality as a core dimension of female subordination. It takes a feminist approach to ethics, which stresses specifically the political enterprise of eradicating systems and structures of male domination and female subordination in both the public and the private domains. The theoretical implications of Feminist narrative ethics is then applied to the philosophical imports of Yorùbá proverbs about women as a way to tease out how female subordination is grounded in Yorùbá ontology and ethics. Spe[1]cifically, the essay interrogates the ethical and aesthetical trajectory that leads from ìwà l’ẹwà (character is beauty), a Yoruba moral dictum, to ìwà l’ẹwà obìnrin ([good moral] character is a woman’s beauty). Within this transition, there is the possibility that the woman is excluded from the category of those properly referred to as ọmọlúwàbí.

When endorsers behave badly: consumer self-expression and negative meaning transfer

How do consumers adjust their public and private self-expression through a brand when an endorser attached to the brand gets involved in a scandal? Building on the theory of meaning transfer and congruity theory, the authors propose and demonstrate that in contrast to the extant literature, negative meaning transfer prevails over the high self-brand congruity barriers that managers attempt to build by employing endorsers to transfer positive meanings to their brands. Using three pre-studies and three experiments involving fictitious and real-life celebrities, the authors demonstrate that the effect of negative meaning transfer on consumers’ self-expression in public and private domain and brand attitude becomes more prominent with increasing self-brand congruity and endorser-self congruity. Additionally, negative meaning transfer becomes more pronounced for a celebrity endorser compared to an expert and a celebrity-expert combined endorser. The findings offer novel implications for endorser selection and meaning transfer for marketing campaigns and brand management. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2021.2016267 .

Cultural Norm Configurations in Acehnese Lullaby

This study is aimed to provide an overview of the cultural reality of lullaby, doda idi from Acehnese family habit. This study describes the cultural norms and values configuration viewed from an ethno-pragmatic perspective and the local wisdom identified from the discourse. This study presents the cultural script approach. This approach is a descriptive technique that has grown out of the cross-cultural semantic theory proposed. The cultural discourse analysis of norms and values on natural semantic meta-language theory. It is considering that cultural norms and values constituted rules and regulations in social communication interaction practices. This lullaby linked to particular ways of speaking in the family's private domain, in this case, from mother and her child. Generally speaking, most cross-cultural communication styles assume that within a particular speech community, there are certain shared understandings about how it is appropriate to speak in a particular and cultural situation. A certain methodological technique is adopted to describe speech patterns and identify the relevant cultural values of this speech pattern. The proposed Acehnese cultural script is linked with (1) Showing high respect, (2) patriotic spirit, and (3) giving advice. The configuration of these cultural norms and values is the understanding of knowledge and wisdom in terms of the lullaby system. The configuration is constructed in low-level scripts with lexicons in semantic primes.

A STUDY OF PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR AS A COMPONENT OF NATURALISTIC INTELLIGENCE AMONGST IN-SERVICE SCHOOL TEACHERS

Pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs), dened by Kollmuss & Agyeman (2002: 240) as “behavior that consciously seeks to minimize the negative impact of one's actions on the natural and built world” Pro-environmental behavior can be dened as all possible actions aimed at avoiding harm to and/or safeguarding the environment (Steg and Vlek, 2009), either performed in public (e.g., participation in environmental movements) or private domains (e.g., recycling; Hadler and Haller, 2011). Environmental issues, concerns and problems are constantly under the scanner of public review and rightly so. What we see all around us; be it forest res, deadly heat waves, ash oods or droughts is nothing but the consequences and impacts of all our anthropogenic activities. In keeping with the Sustainable Development Goals, we must try to curb the damage to the environment, or perhaps even reverse some of our deleterious actions. We must consciously cut down emissions, reduce footprint, be sensitive, and of course behave pr-environmentally. Environmental problems could therefore be reduced if people acted more pro-environmentally. Many countries have already committed to take measures to reduce climate change , yet the efciency of implementation and scale of these measures differs across countries.People's environmental considerations, such as biospheric values and environmental self-identity, are related to pro-environmental behavior.

DECISION-MAKING MECHANISMS REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FINANCING SOURCES OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMS IN PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES

This paper is an empirical study that addresses a topical issue in terms of decision-making methods for setting up sources of funding for investment programs in public utilities in Romania. In order to ensure a high level of security and accessibility, equal treatment, promotion of universal access and users’ rights, public utilities are subject to specific public service obligations. Considering that in the utilities services there is still a process of implementation of the European requirements regarding the satisfaction of the quantitative and qualitative requirements of the users; consumer protection and quality of life, environmental conservation in accordance with specific regulations in force, sustainable development, protection and capitalization of the public and private domain of territorial administrative units, it is necessary to introduce modern management methods to achieve these desired. The deepening of the notions, of the particularities in the field, creates the premises for finding optimal and viable solutions regarding the improvement of the legal framework of functioning and operation in the public utilities services, so that the decisional and financial mechanisms are the optimal ones in the concrete socio-economic conditions. Considering the public and permanent functioning of the public utility services, the approached topic is of a real interest for any entity in the field concerned with the efficient, economic and effective management of the public utility system. In this regard, the establishment of the maintenance, replacement, development fund for all entities in the field of public utility services (and not only for those receiving external funds) is a real opportunity, highlighted and supported by existing investment programs in the field of water, sewerage, wastewater treatment and rainwater collection.

Silences and Secrets of Family, Community and the State

In this article, we suggest that silence is often more about remembering than forgetting. We consider ways in which silences can occupy and dominate state discourse, community knowledge, family stories and individual narratives. Drawing on research material from Poland and the Czech Republic in the late socialist and post-socialist periods, we look at ways similar patterns of narrative fusion take place in various contexts in which both the public and the private domains are often shadowed by things veiled in secrecy and hidden from the general gaze. We argue that personal family and kin accounts of private things which for some reason cannot be spoken become entangled with, and to some extent communicated through, broader and more public historical narratives, and vice versa, and show how partial accounts are thus transmitted from generation to generation even while remaining largely unspoken. In developing our argument, we focus on the idea of walls of silence and on the process of drawingboundaries between people and the state, between generations (grandparents, parents and children) and between insiders and outsiders of communities. Suggesting that silence may be loud or quiet, we look at registers of silence and the ways in which they operate at the different levels of state, community and household. We ask what it means to hold certain kinds of knowledge, or to be excluded from these. At times, and for some people, knowledge may be a source of power or social or economic capital; for others, or in other contexts, being excluded from or rejecting knowledge, and thus not being privy to the subtexts of silence, may be a source or freedom and potential or possibility.