Private Business Research Articles

Pasar Modal Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perekonomian Di Indonesia

The capital market is a financial instrument that plays an important role in supporting and disrupting economic progress in a country. This research aims to find out how much influence the capital market has in advancing the economy in Indonesia and what challenges and obstacles are experienced in its implications. The research method used is a qualitative research method using a literature study approach. An overview of several relevant articles from the Sinta indexed journal shows that the capital market is closely related to economic growth in a country. This study clearly states that for a country's economy, the capital market plays a dual role as a means of providing funding for both government and private businesses and a means for investors who wish to invest their capital in a company to gain profits. In conclusion, the capital market is a bridge for society which also contributes to supporting the economy in a country.

Development of China’s innovative infrastructure through public-private partnership

While determining plans for growth of gross domestic product targets in the 14th five-year plan, China outlined an infrastructure plan for the country’s development as one of the growth drivers, and thus prioritised mastery of new technologies and job creation. It is a formulated and implemented today in China dual circulation strategy. China is building an advanced digital and innovative infrastructure. Such a modern public-private partnership institution (hereinafter referred to as PPP), which became widespread in the world and in China, is the best example of the appropriateness of interaction of the public and private sectors in economic development of the state. This institution has proved its viability by combining the efforts and resources of the state and private business in the framework of specific projects and thus shaping a new quality of development. PPP is one of the most successful economic instruments for interaction of the state and private business in infrastructure development with raising capital. PPP shows its sustainability in China’s innovative economic life: civil aviation infrastructure, construction of high-speed railways, utilities in megalopolises. These are knowledge- and material-intensive projects where PPP are particularly effective in attracting capital and implementing projects. The purpose of this study is to analyse PPP development in China and participation of PPP in the development of China’s innovative infrastructure with the full support of the state.

Self Control and Organizational Commitment Views of Cyberloafing Behavior

Internet facilities in the workplace are often misused for personal purposes, known as cyberloafing behavior. This study utilizes multiple linear regression analysis to understand the influence of self-control and organizational commitment on employees' cyberloafing behavior in private companies in Kuningan Regency, both partially and simultaneously, through the distribution of questionnaires as a data collection technique on 100 sampled employees. The results show that organizational commitment does not have a significant impact, while self-control can reduce cyberloafing behavior. These research findings can serve as recommendations for local private business owners to improve their employees' performance by enhancing control over cyberloafing behavior, focusing on self-control aspects, and also increasing employee work commitment. Keywords: Cyberloafing; Self Control; Organizational Commitment; Employee Performace; Privat Employees

The Development Path of Wenzhou's Integration of the Private Economy and Vocational Education Under the "Four Chain Drive" Model

Wenzhou City, one of the key areas in China for private economic development, has been actively pushing for the deep integration of the private sector and vocational education in recent years, seizing the chance presented by the "Ministry and Province Co-constructing" National Highland of Vocational Education Innovation pilot project. This study attempts to investigate the creative growth path by using the integration of the private business and vocational education in Wenzhou City as the research object and the "four-chain-driven" model as the theoretical foundation. This study determines the research status, issues, and influencing factors of the industry and education integration mode by methodically arranging the academic history and dynamics of related research both domestically and internationally. It also incorporates the chain theory into the relevant research on the evolution of the integration of industry and education, which offers the theoretical foundation for this investigation. Research on the current state of Wenzhou's integration of the private sector and vocational education, research on influencing factors, and research on the "four-chain-driven" model are all included in the study. In order to provide references for governmental decision-making, this study aims to thoroughly analyse the current state of affairs, issues, and potential mechanisms of the integration of the private economy and vocational education in Wenzhou from multiple dimensions through empirical investigation, statistical analysis, and case studies. In the end, this research seeks to create an innovative "four-chain-driven" model of industry-education integration and development that is in line with Wenzhou's real circumstances. It also offers theoretical direction and doable avenues for Wenzhou to achieve superior industry-education integration development.

Exploring the experiences of UK-based private physiotherapists when running and progressing a physiotherapy business: a hermeneutic phenomenological study

AimTo explore the experiences of UK-based private physiotherapists when running and progressing a physiotherapy business. DesignA hermeneutic phenomenological approach. ParticipantsSix UK-based private physiotherapy practice owners were recruited via purposive and snowball sampling. MethodsIn-depth, semi-structured video interviews (2 per participant), audio-recorded and transcribed. Field notes, respondent validation and a reflexive diary were used. Data underwent line-by-line analysis, identifying codes and themes. Constant comparison of data, codes and themes occurred throughout. Peer review was utilised, small sections of data and all emerging codes were independently reviewed. ResultsThree interconnecting themes. Working for myself: participants highlighted the freedom, flexibility and independence of business ownership, whilst acknowledging the additional pressures/challenges associated with this. Evolution of a practice: business growth was slow, requiring income supplementation initially. Successful growth often utilised luck and unexpected opportunities. Working with others: participants faced decisions regarding solo or joint ownership, when/what additional staff were required, whether staff should be employed or self-employed, and how to appropriately manage/support staff. ConclusionsPrivate practice ownership brings an array of benefits and challenges. Areas for future research include exploring the stresses of private roles and business ownership, the evolution of private physiotherapy practices, small-scale business partnerships, and employment vs self-employment. Contribution of the Paper•This research suggests that although private practice ownership brings increased freedom, flexibility, and job satisfaction, this is tempered by an array of increased pressures and responsibilities.•Practice growth was gradual, often involving luck and unexpected opportunities.•Clinic owners face challenging decisions regarding the selection, management and support of additional staff.

Long COVID for the craft industry: findings from China's “Porcelain Capital” pre and post COVID

ABSTRACT This paper systematically examines how COVID has shaped an essential craft industry in Jingdezhen, China's “Porcelain Capital”, providing a typical case reflecting COVID’s structural effects on the cultural and creative sectors. Drawing upon primary data collected through four field trips between September 2018 and March 2023, this paper reveals the enormous challenges craft practitioners and businesses face amid COVID, including financial losses, business closures, and diminished international trade. Despite easing restrictions since 2023, there is little sign that the industry will return to pre-pandemic status soon. Moreover, although COVID and the “digital pivot” triggered by it introduced new opportunities for some craft practitioners, they predominantly exposed and exacerbated existing inequalities in the craft industry, including among private businesses and individual practitioners.

중대재해처벌 등에 관한 법률 시행에 따른 사회복지조직의 대응방안

The Serious Accidents Punishment Act was expanded to apply to all workplaces with five or more employees on January 27, 2024. This paper examines the major legal issues surrounding senior employment support agencies, especially senior clubs, which are social welfare facilities particularly vulnerable to major accidents, and proposes organizational countermeasures for preventing major accidents. To this end, this paper analyses the main contents of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act through academic literatures, and reviews various legal principles and key issues related to the implementation of the Act on senior clubs through the case laws. This paper aims to seek effective preventive measures and responses to the accidents that occur in senior clubs. The research revealed that the characteristics of senior clubs include continuous increasing trend in the number of elderly participants in senior job programs, full-time employments more than three hundred employees, various types of business operations such as public service, social service, and private business, and continuous occurrence of dangerous accidents. The key issues of the Serious Accidents Punishment Act relevant to the senior clubs are identifying an employee with legal responsibility, types of business subject to the Act, establishment of a dedicated occupational health and safety board appropriate to the type of business, a joint penal provision, and punitive damages. This paper proposes the following responsive measures for senior clubs in response to the implementation of the Act; changing employees’ perspective towards the Serious Accidents Punishment Act, building a health and safety management system reflecting characteristics of senior clubs, utilizing scientific risk management techniques in establishing a health and safety management system and support and management from the Ministry of Health and Welfare as well as local governments.

A Study of Clean Water Resources Development Policy in Atambua at Belu Regency, Indonesia

Developing clean water resources is essential for policies addressing populations that lack access to safe potable water. Belu Regency is classified as underdeveloped, partially due to the community's limited capacity to manage existing water resources for basic needs. This study investigates the implementation of clean water resource development policies in the Belu Regency and identifies the supporting and inhibiting factors. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, this study involves stakeholders such as government entities, private sector organizations, businesses, and non-governmental organizations. Data collection encompasses library and field research through observations, interviews, and documentation. These findings indicate effective policy implementation; however, the objectives have not been fully achieved. Supporting factors include community and stakeholder participation while inhibiting factors include communication, resource capability, implementers' attitudes, and the bureaucratic structure. The study concluded that single-region management may result in conflicts of interest in water regulation between the residents of the two regions. Consequently, collaboration between the government and stakeholders is necessary, involving an integrated water resource management pattern with participation from the community, religious leaders, and business sector, based on UNDP provisions. This cooperation is feasible because of the strong emotional and cultural ties between the two countries' populations.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Investment Capital in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on investment capital in Thai Nguyen, including both domestic private businesses and businesses with foreign direct investment. In an effort to overcome the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Thai Nguyen province has proactively grasped difficulties and problems and has plans to support and create favorable conditions for businesses in the area, including FDI enterprises and production peace of mind. The results also show that Thai Nguyen proactively grasps the difficulties and problems of investors to promptly resolve, create and strengthen the trust of investors who have been implementing investment projects in the province.

Analysis of public, private and foreign-owned enterprises: Assessment of efficiency and sustainability

Subject. The article addresses the efficiency and sustainability of public, private, and foreign-owned enterprises. Objectives. The aim is to develop and test a methodology for analyzing the said enterprises. Methods. The study rests on general scientific principles and research methods, like abstraction, generalization of approaches to the analysis of enterprises of different forms of business ownership. Results. I developed a methodology, which includes three stages. First, estimating the share of enterprises of different forms of ownership in total assets, revenue, and profit, and analyzing the sectoral and regional sample structure and enterprise size. Second, assessing the short-term and long-term efficiency, with analysis of profitability indicators, long-term dynamics, and investment activity. Finally, analyzing the adaptability of enterprises of different forms of ownership to changed conditions, and evaluating the indicators of financial stability, riskness, and dynamics for 2022. Conclusions. I tested the methodology on data from large Russian consolidated businesses (a total of 593 enterprises for 2018–2022). The calculations and analysis showed that private business prevails in assets, revenue, and net profit. For State-owned enterprises, the most significant industry is oil and gas production, for foreign-owned ones – production and distribution of electricity, gas and water, for private enterprises – retail trade. Higher profitability is typical for foreign and private enterprises. The analysis of adaptability to current conditions showed that revenue growth rate in 2022 did not decrease vs. the annual average for all groups of enterprises, however, profit and profitability indicators deteriorated. In general, large consolidated public, private, and foreign-owned business demonstrated a relatively high degree of stability in 2022 with a decrease in profit and profitability, and now it continues investment activity.

The impact of formal and informal institutional distances on the strategic asset seeking motives of Chinese multinational enterprises: An analysis of patent and trademark acquisitions

This study was to examine the influence of specific contributory variables within formal versus informal institutional distances on the sub-motives of emerging-market multinational enterprises’ (EMNEs) strategic-asset seeking (SAS), in order to gain insights into the behaviours and motivations of increasing outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from emerging economies like China. From a multinomial logistic regression analysis of both firm and macro-level data, it was found that private business groups (PBGs) were more likely to target and acquire firms with patents and trademarks. The findings also suggest that the informal cultural distance was significantly associated solely with the EMNEs’ motive for seeking companies with trademarks but no patents. The association between formal institutional distance with EMNEs’ SAS behaviours was not significant. The findings also revealed that certain sub-dimensions of formal and informal cross-national distance had significant effects on overseas specific SAS behaviours. These findings inform further exploration of determinants of EMNEs’ SAS behaviours and provide a more comprehensive understanding of EMNEs’ internationalization trends. This research contributes to the current literature on EMNEs and provides practical and managerial implications for EMNE decision-makers while investing abroad.

Hiring Students: Via Collaboration between Erbil Polytechnic University and General Private Business Sectors in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Hiring Students: Via Collaboration between Erbil Polytechnic University and General Private Business Sectors in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

In market conditions, the development of private business, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, plays a key role for any country. The effectiveness of this process is one of the main indicators of economic growth and has a direct impact on the composition and quality of national income. The main task of the management personnel of modern enterprises is to create their competitive advantages, which ensures the demand for products sold and financial stability. At the same time, the implementation of this task becomes more complicated in the context of constant foreign economic changes, reinforced by sanctions pressure. In addition, small and medium-sized businesses often face limited access to financial resources, management difficulties and competition from large companies. Analysis and comparative assessment of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses provides an understanding of the key factors influencing the success of these enterprises, and makes it possible to develop strategies and support measures aimed at strengthening their position in the market. The object of the study is the activities of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the region. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the level of competitiveness of certain areas of small and medium-sized businesses using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Research methods include deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, documentary method, abstract-logical, economic-mathematical and tabular methods. The scientific novelty of the research is the formation of competitiveness criteria, the development of a model for comparative assessment of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses, the application of this model in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan.

The role of social procurement policies and cross‐sector partnerships in addressing youth unemployment: A construction industry case study from Australia

AbstractIn Australia, 9.4% of young people aged 15–24 are unemployed, more than double the national rate. The national employment services system in Australia has, however, not successfully tackled this issue. While some wraparound programs have been implemented to better address young people's needs, most are designed to find young people any job rather than being tailored towards a specific career. Despite governments encouraging solutions that involve cross‐sector collaboration with private businesses, the potential of industry‐specific solutions has been less well‐explored. Addressing this gap, this paper presents an in‐depth case study of how one major Australian construction company has implemented an industry‐specific collaborative wraparound program to address youth unemployment, called the Connectivity Centre model (CCM). The paper discusses the features of this model that make it distinctive compared to other programs supporting young people's employment. It also discusses how the policy context of social procurement (policies generating social value through procurement processes) and cross‐sector collaboration incentivise the model. The policy implications are explored, highlighting how models like the CCM offer a complementary alternative to other unemployment supports available to young jobseekers in Australia.Points for practitioners Social procurement policies incentivise private companies’ involvement in youth unemployment programs, including utilising their cross‐sector networks. Private companies’ involvement enables youth unemployment programs that reflect the same benefits as wraparound programs in intensive/personalised support while providing more industry specificity. This set of characteristics is unique and complementary within Australia's youth unemployment support landscape.

Introducing the circular assessment of suppliers (CAoS) tool: A Kraljic matrix-based tool to facilitate circular procurement in private organizations

The emerging paradigm of the circular economy necessitates instruments capable of monitoring advancements in a timely and reliable fashion, thereby fostering superior decision-making and instantaneous feedback within corporations. Although numerous tools offer comprehensive evaluations of a company's circular endeavors, certain strategic facets associated with the circular economy are often overlooked. For example, there is a notable scarcity of frameworks or tools designed to assist private businesses in choosing suppliers in alignment with circular economy principles. This manuscript aims to introduce the Circular Assessment of Suppliers (CAoS) tool, a straightforward instrument that private organizations may utilize to gauge their suppliers' adherence to circular principles. The tool's genesis is rooted in the Kraljic Matrix, an approach employed to categorize a company's suppliers by subdividing them based on the intricacy of the supply market. Its development was concluded after conducting a review of the literature concerning circular supply chains and then choosing the appropriate criteria with expert guidance. This manuscript also unveils industrial implementations of this tool, as evidenced by two case studies. By integrating such a tool, a company can dynamically evaluate all suppliers, thus augmenting the circularity of procurement decisions. This tool could also function as a means to engage suppliers in dialogues about mutual circular priorities within the value chain.

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR ATTRACTING AND REALIZING INVESTMENTS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The article analyzes the issues of adequateness of the institutional support for attracting and realizing investments in the energy sector of Ukraine to the current realities in which the country finds itself. The article emphasizes that public-private partnership is the basis for further attraction and realization of investments in the energy sector. The article highlights several issues such as attracting investment in the energy sector of Ukraine, and public-private partnership in the energy sector and identifies the ways to overcome them.The necessity of improving the legal framework in the field of public-private partnership; development of institutional infrastructure supporting public-private partnership; providing guarantees for protecting the interests of all parties in the public-private partnership throughout the entire life cycle of the project is substantiated.It is concluded that attracting and injecting investments in the energy sector is possible only in close cooperation with large private businesses by implementing elements and mechanisms of public-private partnership in the sector. It’s the only way that the energy sector of Ukraine will be able to adapt to modern challenges to ensure its long-term sustainable development.

Some aspects of legal support for private procurement compared to public procurement

The modern paradigm of rapid development of free business and transparent competition between subjects of the private business sector became the basis for the formation of a transparent system of legal support for private procurement, which, unlike public ones, have less legislative regulation and opportunities for abuse. However, at the level of law application, their settlement justified in other countries in Ukraine fails. This paper has considered various aspects of legal support for private and public procurement. The author conducted a study aimed at considering approaches to the definition and understanding of private procurement in comparison with public procurement, as well as the features of their implementation, with the aim of presenting the author's vision obtained during the legal analysis and study of the private procurement regulatory and legal support in comparison with public procurement in the Ukrainian right. A proper definition of "private procurement" is proposed as a procedure for the acquisition by a private business entity of goods, works, and services necessary for full and effective functioning, which takes place in the order determined by the internal rules of a particular business entity, and is based on the principles of legality, economy and efficiency. An analysis of some contracts conclusion elements of the process in both private and public procurement, such as conducting a tender procedure and subsequent conclusion of the contract, paying attention to their legal nature and features of conditions and participants. Attention was also drawn to the widespread use of the LOI "Letter of Intent" as a document signed by the parties during negotiations before concluding a final contract. The highlighted aspects contribute to the achievement of a clear understanding of these concepts, which in the future can help ensure effective legal regulation of procurement processes in all spheres of economic activity.

Study on the Development Path of Cosmetics in China

With the improvement of economic level and the change of people's consumption concept, cosmetics have become an essential item in people's life, which led to the outbreak of the personal care industry of cosmetics and provided the soil for private business. With the development of China's economy and the improvement of consumption capacity, since the millennium, domestic cosmetics brands have begun to rise, especially as the post-90s and post-95s become the main consumers, China-Chic consumption has become a trend, Since 2016, a large number of cutting-edge brands (such as Huaxizi and Perfect Diary) have emerged to promote the comprehensive rise of domestic products, breaking the long-standing pattern of foreign brands leading the beauty and personal care market. Therefore, China's cosmetic market has made remarkable progress in recent years, and more and more Chinese brands are loved by people, thanks to the rapid development of the Internet, which has indirectly led to the live bandwagon. This paper will introduce the market scale of Chinese cosmetics in detail, as well as discuss the current situation and problems of the development of Chinese cosmetics. Finally, the paper will illustrate the development path and outlook of China's cosmetics in terms of investment in research funding and digital transformation.

Secure Cloud Architecture

Cloud computing refers to the availability of online resources and services. Global data centers serve as the delivery hubs for cloud services. Cloud computing helps its users by giving them access to virtual resources over the internet. Pay-Per Use-On-Demand mode is provided by cloud computing and e-trade. It may be easily accessible and shared via IT resources with the help of the internet. The primary obstacle in cloud computing is to protection and privacy issues arising from its multi-tenancy structure, as well as the outsourcing of critical applications, infrastructure, and sensitive data. Businesses are utilizing cloud services at a rapid pace; therefore, it is necessary to implement measures that ensure businesses have security and can select a provider that suits them. An advancement in current technology that fulfills the long-held dream of computing as a utility is cloud computing. The majority of private and public sector businesses have been deceived by the emergence of this innovative technology in the IT industry. The two main security-based approaches now in use for cloud-based platforms are holomorphic encryption and single tamper-proof hardware. Scalability is a problem for hardware-based solutions, but holomorphic encryptions are merely an idea. Furthermore, because of the different nature of its services and deployment strategy, cloud-based platforms cannot directly incorporate standard defense in-depth security mechanisms. To secure the cloud-based platform, however, the same idea of a multi-layered security mechanism can be suggested

Perceived political corruption and tax compliance intentions among private enterprises in emerging economies: The roles of tax morale and tax tolerance in Ghana

AbstractCorruption has been identified as a major debilitating factor in tax revenue generation, especially in developing countries. This study examines the effects of perceived political corruption on tax compliance intention and investigates the mediating roles of tax morale and tax tolerance among private businesses in Ghana. Data were collected with a questionnaire from 1133 private firms randomly sampled in the Greater Accra Region. Estimation was done using structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood estimation techniques. The study finds that perceived political corruption diminishes tax morale, tolerance and compliance intentions. Moreover, tax tolerance and tax morale enhance compliance intentions. Again, tax morale and tax tolerance partially mediate the relationship between perceived political corruption and tax compliance intention, reducing corruption's negative effects on intentions to comply with tax obligations. Finally, these tax compliance behaviours vary with education, age of business, sectors and firm size. The government of Ghana needs to focus on voluntary tax compliance by convincingly fighting corruption, especially by tightening fiscal loopholes.