Private Business Research Articles

Ensuring the competitiveness of regional enterprises on an innovative basis

National and regional innovation systems are being formed in Ukraine. In the era of global transformations, innovations become the main factor in increasing the efficiency of industrial enterprises of the region in order to ensure its competitiveness. The solution to this problem requires a comprehensive analysis and rethinking of existing approaches, the creation of theoretical foundations for ensuring the effective development of industrial enterprises in the region. The activity of corporate structures in creating new innovations and effective communications for their transfer becomes a factor of economic development, increasing the competitiveness of the region. The cost of modern products is determined not only by the costs of material production, but also by research and development works, which, in turn, can be an innovative component of the development of industrial enterprises. The use of innovations makes it possible to increase not only the efficiency of individual components of the corporate structure, but also, if proper attention is paid to integration processes, of the entire corporate management system. This determines the increased interest of society, in particular scientists and practitioners, in the ways of effective formation of the corporate innovation management system of an industrial enterprise.
 The following tools can be used to stimulate the modernization of industry in order to ensure the competitiveness of the region on the basis of innovations: the formation of the sales market for competitive products and services using mechanisms that regulate the purchase of domestic science-intensive products for state needs; stimulation of investments in the modernization of industry based on innovations by improving the mechanisms of partial financing of large innovative projects by the state and private business; motivation of enterprises to adopt innovations on the basis of incentives for domestic enterprises to purchase modern technologies created by Ukrainian developers; stimulation of industrial reform processes; creation of corporate structures that unite the spheres of production and scientific and technical activity. Among them are state centers of science and high technologies.
 Further development of the country's national innovation system should be aimed, first of all, at ensuring the system integration of all its elements and their effective interaction.

Assessing the role of green supply chain management in enhancing Pakistan manufacturers' performances.

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of success factors of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) dimensions (i.e., green purchasing, internal environmental management, cooperation with customers, eco-design, and investment recovery) and their impact on the Organizational Performance of Manufacturers in Pakistan on three pieces of levels of execution (i.e., Environmental Performance, Economic Performance, and Operational Performance), whereas GSCM practices in developing countries like Pakistan need to be explored. Data was collected from managers of 220 business firms in Pakistan through survey questionnaires with a purposive sampling technique. The target population consisted of managerial employees (business experts and executives) from private business firms, and partial least square-structural equation modeling was used for analysis. All GSCM dimensions were found significant in at least one of the performances, except eco-design on environmental performance and green purchasing on economic performance, either clearly or indirectly. The proposed model assembles and provides the respondents' distinctive working areas: electronic gadgets, automobile process and machinery sectors. Moreover, the appraisal of the connection between five developments of GSCM practices and three builds with the effect of the green distribution of authoritative execution in the Pakistan assembling setting offers an extraordinary theoretical commitment to exploring the green supply chain management field. First, this research is done by studying the green supply chain management dimensions of different performances of manufacturing firms in Pakistan, which has never been done before. Second, it contributes to the existing literature on critical success factors of GSCM. Manufacturing firms should implement GSCM practices to improve all three types of performance, i.e., environmental, economic, and operational.

Should We Tax Capital Income or Wealth?

We study optimal capital income and wealth taxation in an economy that reproduces the importance of private businesses for output and inequality. If entrepreneurs are subject to collateral constraints, they face heterogeneous rates of return, which generate a meaningful distinction between capital income and wealth taxation. We find that taxing capital income is preferable to taxing wealth because the efficiency gains from wealth taxation are swamped by the redistributional benefits of taxing the profits of richer entrepreneurs. Consequently, the gains from taxing wealth are modest. This conclusion is robust to the planner’s preference for redistribution and allowing for nonlinear taxes. (JEL D31, H21, H23, H24, H25, K34, L26)

Integrated analysis approach to structure PPP schemes for new infrastructure projects

When considering public–private partnerships (PPP) for new infrastructure development, it is necessary to structure a project scheme based on the financial analyses from the perspective of private businesses, bankability analyses of private finances from the perspective of lenders, and public expenditure analyses from the viewpoint of the public sector after satisfying the criteria of the economic analysis from the viewpoint of the national economy. Although these four analyses are closely related, it is difficult to structure a scheme from a comprehensive viewpoint because they are typically implemented individually. Therefore, this paper proposes an analytical approach that integrates economic, financial, bankability, and public expenditure to conduct a comparative evaluation of various business schemes, including PPP. First, the basic idea of an integrated analysis was explained in detail. After developing each analysis table on a spreadsheet, an integrated analysis table was derived by interconnecting the tables. In addition, using an integrated analysis table prepared for a virtual new toll road project, the usefulness of the integrated analysis approach for structuring the project scheme was confirmed through case studies.

Risks of public-private partnership in the development of social entrepreneurship

Building a socially oriented economy, ensuring high and stable rates of development of the national economy is impossible without the implementation of a partnership between the public sector and representatives of the private sector to solve socially significant issues of society: reducing social tension, increasing the general welfare of the population; solving cultural and environmental problems. The most popular form of interaction between the government and business is a public-private partnership. Implementing public-private partnerships in social entrepreneurship is associated with risks and the development of mechanisms for managing them in implementing partnership relations of public-legal entities. The publication aims to study the risks of public-private partnerships in developing social entrepreneurship and create a mechanism for their minimization. The article examines the nature of risks arising while implementing public-private partnerships in developing social entrepreneurship. The categorical apparatus of the concepts of "public-private partnership", "risk", "social entrepreneurship", and "risk management" is defined. It has been proven that public-private partnership allows the efforts of the state and private business to solve significant socio-economic problems and implement the principles of sustainable development of society — researched analysis of approaches to the classification of risks in PPPs. An assessment of the most common risks for all parties participating in the PPP was carried out. Typical benefits of public-private partnerships in the development of social entrepreneurship are determined. The directions for improving the risk management mechanism of public-private partnerships in developing social entrepreneurship have been developed. For the development of social entrepreneurship, implementing public-private partnership projects depends on minimizing all risks through analyzing social and economic feasibility, correctness and structure, and the coordinated work of all interested parties. Keywords: public-private partnership, risk, social entrepreneurship, competitiveness, risk management mechanism, state, private sector.

Automated Attendance using Face Recognition and Automated Marking in ERP System

Abstract: Every institution like educational institutions, government agencies, or private businesses needs to control attendance. Institutions will need to keep track of individuals within the organization, such as employees and students, in order to maximize their performance. Facial Recognition in Real-time is a practical method for managing the daily attendance of several students. Our program is focused mainly on implementing Web automation for all the institutions which use Web app ERP (Enterprise resource planning) or like ERP system for marking the attendance. Our model automates the complete task from taking attendance, logging in into ERP , marking attendance in ERP / similar web app with an acknowledgement email regarding the attendance status to each student/ user. Also creating Database of attendance of each session. Which is implemented in python using OpenCV, Selenium, smptlib and MongoDB.

The Language Situation In Andorra In The Light Of Epilinguistic Data

The article examines epilinguistic information on the language situation in Andorra within the framework of research dedicated to the ethnography of language policy in this country. Despite the favorable situation for the only official language - Catalan, epilinguistic statements of language policy subjects indicate the expansion of the functionality of the Spanish language through its use “by default” as a language of communication between speakers of different languages, a language of social integration for migrants, a language of private business, and in a number of other spheres.

The herdsmen migration and the growing insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Nigeria

The incessant crises between migrating herdsmen and many farming communities in sub-Sahara Africa have become alarming in recent times. The activities of the migrating Fulani herdsmen and the incessant clashes with farmers give credence to the facts of insecurity. From Mali, Ghana, Senegal and Nigeria, it is the same story of insecurity. Nigeria especially has become the centre of banditry and terrorism. Factors such as unemployment, bad governance, poverty, marginalization and social imbalance each play a role in producing bandits and terrorists. While migration is part of life, the conflict that it creates with locals raises much concern. Its multiplier effects include food insecurity, unemployment, poverty and marginalization. The crises have also scared away foreign investors. Inflation has increased. This paper aims to examine the reasons for herder migration, its attendant conflicts with local communities and the effect of insecurity on the social and economic life of the people. This paper believes that government intervention in the control and management of Fulani herdsmen through the security architecture of Nigeria will minimize the insecurity problem of the country. While the paper sees herding as a private business, it suggests a policy for ranching as an alternative. The paper suggests that through peace education the tide of insecurity in Nigeria will be stemmed.

Working skills of Vietnamese librarians in private business school libraries: A cross‐sectional study

This research explores Vietnamese librarian’ skills regarding age, gender, management levels, and educational background in private business school libraries. Two hundred one Vietnamese staff in private business school libraries are surveyed to fulfill this objective. Levene’s test, analysis of variance, and paired t-test are used to explore whether there is a difference in respondents’ answers based on gender, age, education, and managerial level. The findings indicate that education and maturity age make a difference in the working skills of Vietnamese librarians. In other words, the results concerning working skills are partially approved by those with a more mature age and more formal education. This research strengthens the social exchange theory about working skills in Vietnamese business school librarians, particularly the first-known research measuring this issue. The current situation calls for introducing organizational systems on corporate skills and providing the necessary skills to boost working efficiency in Vietnamese private business school libraries. Therefore, this research is essential in its field.

The Role of Environmental Principles in Mining Resources: A Discourse of Islamic and Indonesian National Law

Human life is inherently intertwined with the environment, serving as the backdrop for all daily activities. It is within this environment that individuals fulfill basic needs such as sustenance, shelter, and resources, often without a full appreciation of the environment's profound significance. The extraction and utilization of resources, particularly from mines within the Earth, play a pivotal role in meeting human needs. This study highlighted that mine, as products derived from the Earth's depths, merit responsible stewardship to ensure sustainable use. It is imperative for humans to recognize the broader societal implications of mining activities beyond personal interests. Islamic principles advocate for the equitable distribution of mining resources as a communal right and shared property. This perspective allows for the enjoyment of these resources by all individuals. Islam does not preclude the delegation of mining resource management to the government, emphasizing national prosperity. In tandem with Islamic principles, Positive Law acknowledges the government's authority to grant mining rights to various entities. Private businesses, cooperative entities, and individuals are among those eligible for such rights, contingent upon obtaining proper business licenses from relevant authorities. This legal framework aligns with the overarching goal of fostering national development and ensuring responsible resource management for the benefit of society.

DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF THE STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS IN RURAL AREAS

The relevance of the problem of formation and implementation of the state policy for the development of small entrepreneurship in rural areas of Ukraine is revealed, in particular in the aspect of improving the institutional support of state policy in this area. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the ways and means of improving the institutional support of the state policy of promoting the development of small entrepreneurship in rural areas. The directions (1 – macro-level, 2 – regional-level) that should be followed to form and implement the policy of small business development in the rural areas of Ukraine have been determined. It is shown that strategic goals in this area should be formed in the context of the economic independence of its subjects, ensuring the appropriate level of economic security and expanded reproduction of the economic and resource potential of enterprises. It was determined that the leading place in the system of state policy measures in the field of small business development in rural areas is assigned to the institutional support of state policy. It is about institutional-legal and institutional-organizational policy. It was established that in the institutional and organizational plan, the measures that should be implemented are: strengthening the programmatic and normative regulation of the development of small entrepreneurship and helping to increase the level of motivation of local self-government bodies regarding the implementation of measures and achieving success in this area. Accordingly, at the regional and local level, it is necessary to: activate the management functions of the authorities in the direction of the formation of a favorable business climate and a safe business environment; improve regulatory policy, eliminate manifestations of monopoly, “client” relations and corruption in “government-business” relations; to strengthen the level of financial support of small private business entities.

The Relationship between Subjective Status and Corporate Environmental Governance: Evidence from Private Firms in China

Private enterprise governance is influenced by how status is perceived by business owners. In this essay, the role of business owners’ subjective statuses on their decisions on pollution control is discussed, along with social-psychology-based justifications. This study distinguishes front-end pollution treatment from back-end pollution treatment and finds the following: (1) A higher subjective status increases the front-end pollution control input but has no discernible impact on the back-end pollution control input. (2) Both the front-end and back-end control inputs are significantly influenced positively by a subjective economic status (ability motive). (3) A subjective social status only increases the front-end pollution control input (altruistic motive). (4) A subjective political standing (prestige motivation) significantly lowers environmental violations of businesses more than it does front-end or back-end inputs. (5) A subjective status can also boost owner expectations and business confidence, as well as help businesses to make the best pollution control measures. The optimum of private firms’ pollution control strategies depends heavily on their subjective status when the government’s pollution regulations are lax. The importance of subjective status is also influenced by how well capitalized private businesses are. This paper offers a novel perspective on the value of social governance from the viewpoint of maximizing the pollution management of private firms. It argues that raising the subjective status of private entrepreneurs has value.

Win the next war vs innovate or die: framing the digital transformation across the Taiwanese sectors

PurposeThis paper examines the framing of digital transformation. The research questions are specified as follows: what are the different types of framing strategies in response to digital transformation? How do the strategies differ across organizations? Theoretically, the authors draw on the framing perspective to emphasize the use of linguistic frames in shaping innovation and change processes. Empirically, the authors choose to study the Taiwanese sectors, including publicly governed entities, traditional private business or technology-based ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe authors’ approach combines topic modeling and qualitative analysis. Using data collected from newspaper and magazine articles, the authors employ topic modeling to generate a set of distinctive framings that Taiwanese actors typically adopt to motivate and justify their digital move. The authors also conduct personal interviews to qualitatively complement the authors’ topic modeling analysis and to identify the rationale behind the linguistic framings and the strategic differences brought about by the various organizations.FindingsThe authors identify five topics that the Taiwanese actors commonly used in the framing of digital transformation. These topics or frames are labeled as cross-domain coordination, market demand, intelligent technology, global trend and competition and digital innovation. The practical use of the framings is contingent on organizational characteristics. Furthermore, the authors show how the framings can be classified as either positive framing (e.g. winning the next war) or negative framing (e.g. innovate or die), generally applicable to organizations around the world struggling to cope with digital disruption.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors’ study has two research implications. First, the authors extend the appreciation of the digital transformation from the usual concern with technological and business model innovations to linguistic or framing practices. Second, the authors enrich the framing analysis by emphasizing a practice or contingency perspective based on sector difference. The findings are subject to the limitations of the choice of only established and reputable media outlets, the diatextual reading and filtering of useful articles for topic modeling analysis and the use of world frequency to account for frame significance.Practical implicationsThe authors shift actors' attention from improving technical efficiency to acquiring linguistic resources in the pursuit of digitalization. For example, framing the digital transformation in terms of creating a market orientation calls for not only real consumer power but also strategic discursive competence that enables the move to change. The findings also point out that practitioners can enlarge the scope of their agency rather than being trapped in the habituated routine of practices. Despite social embeddedness, organizations are more often widely connected and built enough to call for more of the cognitive frames to appeal to heterogeneous stakeholders.Originality/valueThe authors study contributes to the literature by developing a linguistic or socio-cognitive view of digital transformation strategy that is capable of expanding organizational attention toward change and innovation. The authors explore menus of strategic frames employed by actors in response to digital transformation. We also address the application of a machine-learning tool such as topic modeling to explore the socio-cognitive dimensions of digital transformation. Furthermore, the analysis leads us to identify the outcomes or effects – either positive or negative – that move beyond the particular Taiwanese case to explain the framing of digital transformation in general.

A comparative analysis of service quality in public and private sector hotels

Service quality has been found to improve with trained staff, a proper customer feedback mechanism, and quick complaint resolution in business organisations. In India, people have a skewed perception of the efficiency of public sector service delivery as compared to private business organisations. The present study aims to investigate the impact of trained staff, proper customer feedback and quick complaint resolution on service quality in the public and private sector hotels. Research instruments such as questionnaires, personal interviews, and participatory observation were used to collect primary data from the respondents. The data were analyzed through the appropriate statistical tools by using Microsoft Excel ToolPak. Statistical tools such as the percentage method, cross tabulation, Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Multiple Regression were used for the analysis. The findings reveal that Staff training, a proper feedback mechanism, and the resolution of customer complaints were essentially the indicators of good service quality in the hotel industry. The failure of the public sector organisations to properly address all three essential components of good service quality was a major factor in their inability to meet customer expectations.

An Archaeology of Convict Leasing in the American South

ABSTRACT Between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, thousands of men, women, and children in the American South were forced to labor for private businesses and individuals under the convict lease system. This system disproportionately impacted Black men and boys, although it also ensnared Black women and girls as well as poor white men, women, and children. Motivated by the financial gains achieved through leasing prisoners, states ensured that the system continued despite numerous highly-publicized human rights violations. Although numerous scholars and grassroots activists have brought attention to the history of convict leasing, historical archaeology has only engaged with the phenomenon in a limited capacity. In this article, we call for archaeologists, and archaeologists of the African Diaspora in particular, to engage with sites and materialities of convict leasing more directly. Our article outlines a potential path forward for such a research program.

Gender Equality and Performance of Private Businesses in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

Gender importance in socio-economic welfare has contributed to several interested persons’ appreciation and assistance for constructive opinions to females and males’ entrepreneurial improvement. In Rwanda, there is no gender discrimination in doing business, this is to give equal entrepreneurial opportunity to all entrepreneurs irrespective of their gender. However, even though the Government of Rwanda supports businessmen and businesswomen to perform in private businesses, gender equality in private businesses remains an issue of concern because the percentage of women’s representation in private businesses is still low, which is a problem to be addressed. The purpose of this study was to assess how gender equality affects private business performance in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. The study used a quantitative research design and collected primary data from 100 private business owners using a questionnaire with close-ended questions. The sample size was calculated using Slovin's method, and stratified sampling techniques were used to obtain respondents from the district's 10 sectors. The collected data were analyzed using quantitative data analysis approaches, generating descriptive statistics outputs using Stata version 17 and SPSS version 24 tools. Pearson Chi-square tests were used to test the impact of gender equality on business performance. The means and standard deviations of the respondent scores were computed for the Likert statements to assess the key factors that critically affect the performance of businesses owned by males and females. The findings revealed that there are gender differences in business characteristics, most females among business owners use a lower capital of less than 500,000 Rwanda Francs (32% for females, while for males is 17%), and have a lower business income. Females-owned businesses employ fewer employees (about 40% of all employees) than males-owned businesses (about 60 % of all employees). The statistics test has provided enough evidence that the relationship between gender equality effect and performance of private businesses is statistically significant because their p-values equal 0.000 or less than 0.005 (sign=0.0000<0.05). The findings also indicated that the topmost prevailing severe problems that severely affect the performance of businesses owned by males and females were COVID-19 (x̄ =4.45, SD=0.928 for males and x̄ =4.30, SD =1.030 for females), high taxes(x̄=4.47, SD =0.545 for males and x̄ =4.53, SD =0.723 for females), instability of market price (x̄ =4.40, SD =0.613 for males and x̄=4.34,SD =0.918 for females), high rent of premises (x̄ =4.32, SD =0.593 for males and x̄ =4.21, SD =0.840 for females), and insufficient employed capital (x̄ =4.21, SD =0.550 for males and x̄ =4.01, SD =0.866 for females). This study has identified that female and male owned businesses are facing the same business challenges. These problems need to be addressed; however, it will take time and joint efforts of business owners themselves, government, stakeholders, and researchers to attain solutions and remove these severe factors that prevent the performance of private businesses. The study recommends that business owners, especially women with lower startup capital, should approach financial institutions for support in promoting their businesses. The study also recommends that female-owned businesses should join and create cooperatives with their counterparts to share business challenges, experiences, and incentives of working together. Additionally, the study recommends that financial institutions should facilitate and encourage businesswomen to obtain bank loans to grow their businesses. The study also recommends that the government should consider these recommendations and provide support in eradicating the identified business challenges. Keywords: Gender Equality, Business Performance, Severe Factors, Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

The Advocacy Coalition in the British Film Institute in Its Early Days

This paper explores the interactions and cooperation between public-sector, business-sector, and civil-society stakeholders in developing British film policy for educational and cultural purposes. In particular, this paper adopts the Advocacy Coalition Framework to explain why and how public authorities, film industry organizations, and educationalists efficiently communicated and cooperated with each other in making the British Film Institute. By doing that, this paper explains (1) how commercial business and social workers, who were initially hostile, could build constructive partnerships; (2) how inactive, noninterventionist governments could be involved in the policymaking for cultural sectors; and (3) how private business could be persuaded into supporting cultural and educational policy for noncommercial purposes.

Economic Contribution Analysis of Urban and Community Forestry in the Southern United States in 2019

Abstract As populations in developing areas continue to increase in recent years, urban and community forestry (U&CF) has received considerable attention due to the ecological, social, and economic significance of trees and green landscapes in urban and semi-urban settings. Based on a regional survey of private, public, and nonprofit businesses and agencies involved in U&CF, we first developed a complete profile of the U&CF sector in the southern United States (SUS) and then estimated the economic contribution of U&CF businesses and activities to the thirteen-state regional economy. We estimated that, in 2019, U&CF in the SUS contributed about $23.2 billion in value added with a total jobs support of over 349,200. Based on the current economic contributions and the number of cities and towns in each state, we also categorized thirteen states into four different tiers. Results not only underscore the economic significance of U&CF businesses and activities in the SUS, but also serve as a baseline to track future trends and performance of U&CF in terms of various business metrics.

Building Partnership for Social Innovation in Rural Development: Case Studies in Coastal Villages in Indonesia

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has the potential for marine resources that can guarantee the welfare of the community. Coastal villages face infrastructure limitations that hinder the development of marine resource-based potential businesses. This paper elaborates on the importance of partnership to increase the coastal community’s participation in creating social innovation. It is argued that a solid and collaborative action can boost the acceleration of coastal development among community members. This paper was developed from a qualitative study in several West Java and Gorontalo province’s coastal villages. Data collected from interviews and discussions with coastal village community groups were collected in 2021. The result shows that community partnerships can be proposed to create more social innovation in optimizing marine resources. The result implies that social innovation can be developed by a close partnership between community members and the village government in development planning and its implementation. Community partnerships with the government and private businesses designed in village development programs can encourage social innovation so that marine resources can be managed economically. Furthermore, social innovation can become capital for developing local businesses to increase community marine economic activities’ capacity.

On the influence of infrastructure availability on companies decisions toward modal shift and relocation of falicities

PurposeReduced availability of transport infrastructure affects highly dependent global supply chains (SCs), leading to modal shifts in the short term. Since relocation decisions of facilities may result in the long term, this paper evaluates companies’ business decisions in reaction to availability reductions of inland waterway transport (IWT). MethodologyA transport model evaluates the impact of reduced infrastructure availability through heuristic optimization based on the Traveling Purchaser Problem. The resulting increase in operational costs is used to assess the probability of relocating facilities based on a Facility Location Problem (FLP) which enables deriving the benefit from infrastructure conditions. FindingsThe study identifies critical thresholds for infrastructure availability that affect companies’ relocation decisions regarding the maintenance of public infrastructure. The case study exhibits actual critical infrastructure assets. Practical implicationsInsights into the decisive consequences of companies’ decisions are given, and awareness of the relevance of infrastructure investments on local areas’ attractiveness is raised. The results imply considering public infrastructure investments in maintenance for private business locations. OriginalityThe paper highlights a new way to sustain local industries and connects short-term agility and long-term resilience with companies’ decisions and the exogenous factor infrastructure availability. The applied use case focuses on the barely studied waterway infrastructure that gains importance in light of sustainability and climate change.