Priority Research Program Research Articles

Microscopic study of higher-order deformation effects on the ground states of superheavy nuclei around 270Hs * *Supporteds by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0404402), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11525524, 12070131001, 12047503, 11975237, 11961141004), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDB-SSWSYS013), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of

We investigate the effects of higher-order deformations ( and 10) on the ground state properties of superheavy nuclei (SHN) near the doubly magic deformed nucleus using the multidimensionally-constrained relativistic mean-field (MDC-RMF) model with five effective interactions: PC-PK1, PK1, NL3*, DD-ME2, and PKDD. The doubly magic properties of include large energy gaps at and in the single-particle spectra. By investigating the binding energies and single-particle levels of in the multidimensional deformation space, we find that, among these higher-order deformations, the deformation has the greatest impact on the binding energy and influences the shell gaps considerably. Similar conclusions hold for other SHN near . Our calculations demonstrate that the deformation must be considered when studying SHN using MDC-RMF.

Edge Transport and Self-Assembly of Passive Objects in a Chiral Active Fluid* Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11874397, 11774393, 11774394, and 11974044), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB33030300).

Topological edge flow and dissipationless odd viscosity are two remarkable features of chiral active fluids composed of active spinners. These features can significantly influence the dynamics of suspended passive particles and the interactions between the particles. By computer simulations, we investigate the transport phenomenon of anisotropic passive objects and the self-assembly behavior of passive spherical particles in the active spinner fluid. It is found that in confined systems, nonspherical passive objects can stably cling to boundary walls and are unidirectionally and robustly transported by edge flow of spinners. Furthermore, in an unconfined system, passive spherical particles are able to form stable clusters that spontaneously and unidirectionally rotate as a whole. In these phenomena, strong particle-wall and interparticle effective attractions play a vital role, which originate from spinner-mediated depletion-like interactions and can be largely enhanced by odd viscosity of spinner fluids. Our results thus provide new insight into the robust transport of cargoes and the nonequilibrium self-assembly of passive intruders.

Dispersion of neutron spin resonance mode in Ba0.67K0.33Fe2As2 * *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0704200, 2018YFA0305602, 2017YFA0303100, and 2017YFA0302900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11822411 and 11961160699), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant Nos. XDB25000000 and XDB07020300), K.C.Wong Education

We report an inelastic neutron scattering investigation on the spin resonance mode in the optimally hole-doped iron-based superconductor Ba0.67K0.33Fe2As2 with Tc= 38.2 K. Although the resonance is nearly two-dimensional with peak energy E R ≈ 14 meV, it splits into two incommensurate peaks along the longitudinal direction ([H,0,0]) and shows an upward dispersion persisting to 26 meV. Such dispersion breaks through the limit of total superconducting gaps Δ tot = |Δk | + |Δ k+Q | (about 11–17 meV) on nested Fermi surfaces measured by high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). These results cannot be fully understood by the magnetic exciton scenario under s±-pairing symmetry of superconductivity, and suggest that the spin resonance may not be restricted by the superconducting gaps in the multi-band systems.

Retrieval of Angle-Dependent Strong-Field Ionization by Using High Harmonics Generated from Aligned N2 MoleculesSupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11774175, 91950102, 11834004, and 91850209), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB0504400), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 18DZ1112700), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy

We propose a method to retrieve the angle-dependent strong-field ionization of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) from high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of aligned molecules. This method is based on the single-molecule quantitative rescattering model with known alignment distribution and photo-recombination cross sections of fixed-in-space molecules. With the macroscopic HHG of aligned N2 molecules, we show that angle-dependent ionization of HOMO can be successfully retrieved at both low and high degrees of alignment. We then show that the error in the retrieved angular dependence of ionization becomes larger if the uncertainty in the alignment distribution is introduced in the retrieval procedure. We also examine that the retrieved ionization of HOMO is much deviated from the accurate one if the intensity of probe laser becomes higher such that inner HOMO-1 can contribute to HHG.

NSW Health COVID-19 Emergency Response Priority Research program: a case study of rapid translation of research into health decision making.

The NSW Health COVID-19 Research Program was established in April 2020 to contribute to minimising the health, social and economic impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in New South Wales (NSW). This paper describes the establishment and implemention of one element of the Program, the Emergency Response Priority Research (Emergency Response) workstream, which is focused on the rapid creation of evidence to support urgent operational work for the public health management of COVID-19 in NSW. Narrative description. As at June 2021, nine Emergency Response projects had been funded. Mechanisms used to expedite projects included: embedding academic researchers in NSW Health to work directly with routinely collected NSW Health data; adapting existing research projects to include a COVID-19 component; leveraging established research partnerships to conduct rapid pilots; and directly commissioning urgent projects with experienced and trusted local researchers. Evidence from Emergency Response projects has contributed directly to informing the NSW public health response. For example, findings from a study of COVID-19 transmission in schools and childcare settings in the early stages of the pandemic informed decisions around the resumption of on-campus education in 2020 and helped shape policy around higher risk activities to help reduce transmission in education settings. Similarly, findings from a project to validate methods for identifying SARS-CoV-2 virus fragments in wastewater were subsequently incorporated into the NSW Sewage Surveillance Program, which continues to provide NSW Health with information to support targeted messaging and testing. The approach to establishing and implementing the Emergency Response workstream highlights the importance of continuing to ensure a well-trained public health research community and actively supporting a collaborative research sector.

Ideal Spin Hydrodynamics from the Wigner Function ApproachSupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11890713, 11890710, 11947301, 11935007, 11221504,11861131009, 11890714, 11890710, and 12047528), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. XDB34030102).

Based on the Wigner function in local equilibrium, we derive hydrodynamical quantities for a system of polarized spin-1/2 particles: the particle number current density, the energy-momentum tensor, the spin tensor, and the dipole moment tensor. Compared with ideal hydrodynamics without spin, additional terms at the first and second orders in the Knudsen number Kn and the average spin polarization χs have been derived. The Wigner function can be expressed in terms of matrix-valued distributions, whose equilibrium forms are characterized by thermodynamical parameters in quantum statistics. The equations of motion for these parameters are derived by conservation laws at the leading and next-to-leading order Kn and χs .

Influence of Device Geometry on Transport Properties of Topological Insulator MicroflakesSupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11961141011), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB28000000), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0300600).

In the transport studies of topological insulators, microflakes exfoliated from bulk single crystals are often used because of the convenience in sample preparation and the accessibility to high carrier mobilities. Here, based on finite element analysis, we show that for the non-Hall-bar shaped topological insulator samples, the measured four-point resistances can be substantially modified by the sample geometry, bulk and surface resistivities, and magnetic field. Geometry correction factors must be introduced for accurately converting the four-point resistances to the longitudinal resistivity and Hall resistivity. The magnetic field dependence of inhomogeneous current density distribution can lead to pronounced positive magnetoresistance and nonlinear Hall effect that would not exist in the samples of ideal Hall bar geometry.

Unambiguously Resolving the Potential Neutrino Magnetic Moment Signal at Large Liquid Scintillator DetectorsSupported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA10010800). DLX and ZPY are grateful to the Double First Class Start-up Fund (WF220442603) provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. DLX also thanks support from the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics

Non-vanishing electromagnetic properties of neutrinos have been predicted by many theories beyond the Standard Model, and an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment can have profound implications for fundamental physics. The XENON1T experiment recently detected an excess of electron recoil events in the 1–7 keV energy range, which can be compatible with solar neutrino magnetic moment interaction at a most probable value of μν = 2.1 × 10−11 μ B. However, tritium backgrounds or solar axion interaction in this energy window are equally plausible causes. Upcoming multi-tonne noble liquid detectors will test these scenarios more in depth, but will continue to face similar ambiguity. We report a unique capability of future large liquid scintillator detectors to help resolve the potential neutrino magnetic moment scenario. With O(100) kton⋅year exposure of liquid scintillator to solar neutrinos, a sensitivity of μν < 10−11 μ B can be reached at an energy threshold greater than 40 keV, where no tritium or solar axion events but only neutrino magnetic moment signal is still present.

Acceleration of DNA Replication of Klenow Fragment by Small Resisting ForceSupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674381, 21991133, 11774407, 11874415, 11874414, and 31770812), the Key Research Program on Frontier Science (Grant No. QYZDB-SSWSLH045), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301500), the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDB37010100), and

DNA polymerases are an essential class of enzymes or molecular motors that catalyze processive DNA syntheses during DNA replications. A critical issue for DNA polymerases is their molecular mechanism of processive DNA replication. We have proposed a model for chemomechanical coupling of DNA polymerases before, based on which the predicted results have been provided about the dependence of DNA replication velocity upon the external force on Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I. Here, we performed single molecule measurements of the replication velocity of Klenow fragment under the external force by using magnetic tweezers. The single molecule data verified quantitatively the previous theoretical predictions, which is critical to the chemomechanical coupling mechanism of DNA polymerases. A prominent characteristic for the Klenow fragment is that the replication velocity is independent of the assisting force whereas the velocity increases largely with the increase of the resisting force, attains the maximum velocity at about 3.8 pN and then decreases with the further increase of the resisting force.

Detection of Magnetic Gap in Topological Surface States of MnBi2Te4 Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0303302, 2018YFA0305604, and 2018YFA0307100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11888101, 11774008, 11704279, 11874035, and 51788104), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB28000000), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation

Recently, intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 has drawn intense research interest and leads to plenty of significant progress in physics and materials science by hosting quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion insulator state, and other quantum phases. An essential ingredient to realize these quantum states is the magnetic gap in the topological surface states induced by the out-of-plane ferromagnetism on the surface of MnBi2Te4. However, the experimental observations of the surface gap remain controversial. Here, we report the observation of the surface gap via the point contact tunneling spectroscopy. In agreement with theoretical calculations, the gap size is around 50 meV, which vanishes as the sample becomes paramagnetic with increasing temperature. The magnetoresistance hysteresis is detected through the point contact junction on the sample surface with an out-of-plane magnetic field, substantiating the surface ferromagnetism. Furthermore, the non-zero transport spin polarization coming from the ferromagnetism is determined by the point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy. Combining these results, the magnetism-induced gap in topological surface states of MnBi2Te4 is revealed.

Recent advances in environmental DNA‐based biodiversity assessment and conservation

Recent advances in environmental DNA‐based biodiversity assessment and conservation

Photoemission Spectroscopic Evidence of Multiple Dirac Cones in Superconducting BaSn3 Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0300204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U2032208 and 11874264), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No. 14ZR1447600). Y. F. Guo acknowledges the starting grant of ShanghaiTech University and the Program for Professor of

Signatures of topological superconductivity (TSC) in superconducting materials with topological nontrivial states prompt intensive researches recently. Utilizing high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate multiple Dirac fermions and surface states in superconductor BaSn3 with a critical transition temperature of about 4.4 K. We predict and then unveil the existence of two pairs of type-I topological Dirac fermions residing on the rotational axis. Type-II Dirac fermions protected by screw axis are confirmed in the same compound. Further calculation for the spin helical texture of the observed surface states originating from the Dirac fermions gives an opportunity for realization of TSC in one single material. Hosting multiple Dirac fermions and topological surface states, the intrinsic superconductor BaSn3 is expected to be a new platform for further investigation of topological quantum materials as well as TSC.

Tuning energy transfer efficiency in quantum dots mixture by controling donor/acceptor ratio* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52025023, 51991342, 52021006, 11888101, and 61922028), the Key R&D Program of GuangdongProvince, China (Grant Nos. 2020B010189001, 2019B010931001, and 2018B030327001), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB33000000), Beijing Natural Science Foundation,

Improving the emission performance of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is of paramount importance for their applications on light-emitting diodes (LEDs), displays and lasers. A highly promising approach is to tune the carrier recombination channels and lifetime by exploiting the energy transfer process. However, to achieve this precise emission optimization, quantitative modulation on energy transfer efficiency is highly desirable but still challenging. Here, we demonstrate a convenient approach to realize tunable energy transfer efficiency by forming QDs mixture with controllable donor/acceptor (D/A) ratio. With the mixing ratio ranging from 16/1 to 1/16, the energy transfer efficiency could be effectively tuned from near zero to ∼ 70%. For the high mixing ratio of 16/1, acceptors obtain adequate energy supplied by closely surrounding donors, leading to ∼ 2.4-fold PL enhancement. While for the low mixing ratio, the ultrafast and efficient energy extraction process directly suppresses the multi-exciton and Auger recombination in the donor, bringing about a higher threshold. The facile modulation of emission performance by controllably designed mixing ratio and quantitatively tunable energy transfer efficiency will facilitate QD-based optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.

Imparting Superhydrophobicity to Porphyrinic Coordination Frameworks Using Organotin

Imparting Superhydrophobicity to Porphyrinic Coordination Frameworks Using Organotin

Low-Temperature Baking Effect of the Radio-Frequency Nb3Sn Thin Film Superconducting CavitySupported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2020410), the Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91426303), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB25000000), and the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents

The Nb3Sn thin film cavity, having the potential to be operated at a higher temperature and higher gradient compared to the cavity made from bulk niobium, is one of the most promising key technologies for the next-generation radio-frequency superconducting accelerators. In our work, several 1.3 GHz single-cell TESLA-shaped Nb3Sn thin film cavities, coated by the vapor diffusion method, were tested at Peking University and Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was observed that the performance of the Nb3Sn thin film cavities in the tests without the slow cooling down procedure and the effective magnetic field shielding was significantly improved by using a low temperature baking at 100 °C for 48 hours. Although the peak electric field of the cavity remained unchanged, the rapid drop of the unloaded Q value (Q 0) with the increasing accelerating field (Q-slope) was effectively eliminated, resulting in an improvement of the Q 0 in the intermediate field region by ∼ 8 times. Furthermore, under better test conditions with the shielded magnetic field less than 5 mG and the slow cooling down procedure in the temperature range of 25–15 K, the Q 0 was still improved by about 20%. Our study shows that the low temperature baking can be an effective supplement to the effective post-treatment for the Nb3Sn thin film cavity.

Recent Projects Advance Biofiltration Research and Guidance

Key TakeawaysThe Water Research Foundation (WRF) Research Priority Program identifies industry challenges and helps address them through targeted, multiyear research projects.WRF's biofiltration research area was designed to provide drinking water utilities with tools to improve biofiltration's effectiveness and maximize its reliability.Research area objectives were to provide guidance documents for implementing, enhancing, monitoring, and optimizing biofiltration, and to communicate biofiltration's attributes.

Superconductivity at 44.4 K achieved by intercalating EMIM+ into FeSe* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12061131001 and 52072170) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB25000000).

Superconductivity with transition temperature T c above 40 K was observed in protonated FeSe (H y -FeSe) previously with the ionic liquid EMIM-BF4 used in the electrochemical process. However, the real superconducting phase is not clear until now. And detailed structural, magnetization, and electrical transport measurements are lacking. By using similar protonating technique on FeSe single crystals, we obtain superconducting samples with T c above 40 K. We show that the obtained superconducting phase is not H y -FeSe but actually an organic-ion (C6H11 referred to as EMIM+)-intercalated phase (EMIM) x FeSe. By using x-ray diffraction technique, two sets of index peaks corresponding to different c-axis lattice constants are detected in the obtained samples, which belong to the newly formed phase of intercalated (EMIM) x FeSe and the residual FeSe, respectively. The superconductivity of (EMIM) x FeSe with T c of 44.4 K is confirmed by resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Temperature dependence of resistivity with different applied magnetic fields reveals that the upper critical field H c2 is quite high, while the irreversibility field H irr is suppressed quickly with increasing temperature till about 20 K. This indicates that the resultant compound has a high anisotropy with a large spacing between the FeSe layers.

Revealing the A1g-type strain effect on superconductivity and nematicity in FeSe thin flake* *Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0303000 and 2016YFA0300201), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11888101), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB25000000), and the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies (Grant

The driving mechanism of nematicity and its twist with superconductivity in iron-based superconductors are still under debate. Recently, a dominant B1g-type strain effect on superconductivity is observed in underdoped iron-pnictides superconductors Ba(Fe1–x Co x )2As2, suggesting a strong interplay between nematicity and superconductivity. Since the long-range spin order is absent in FeSe superconductor, whether a similar strain effect could be also observed or not is an interesting question. Here, by utilizing a flexible film as substrate, we successfully achieve a wide-range-strain tuning of FeSe thin flake, in which both the tensile and compressive strain could reach up to ∼0.7%, and systematically study the strain effect on both superconducting and nematic transition (T c and T s) in the FeSe thin flake. Our results reveal a predominant A1g-type strain effect on T c. Meanwhile, T s exhibits a monotonic anti-correlation with T c and the maximum T c reaches to 12 K when T s is strongly suppressed under the maximum compressive strain. Finally, in comparison with the results in the underdoped Ba(Fe1–x Co x )2As2, the absence of B1g-type strain effect in FeSe further supports the role of stripe-type spin fluctuations on superconductivity. In addition, our work also supports that the orbital degree of freedom plays a key role to drive the nematic transition in FeSe.

Unifying the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: Introducing the NPRP criteria

AimsDisagreement about the appropriate criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) persists. This study examines an alternative approach which combines information from all time-points on the glucose tolerance test (GTT) into a single index and expands the GDM spectrum into four categories using data from three geographically and ethnically distinct populations. MethodsA retrospective observational study design was used. Data from Wisconsin, USA (723 women) was used in derivation of the criterion and data from Doha, Qatar (1284 women) and Cape Town, South Africa (220 women) for confirmation. Pregnant women without pre-existing diabetes with a GTT done between 23 and 30 weeks gestation were included. A novel index was derived from the GTT termed the weighted average glucose (wAG). This was categorized into four pre-defined groups (henceforth National Priorities Research Program (NPRP) criterion); i) normal gestational glycemia (NGG), ii) impaired gestational glycemia (IGG), iii) GDM and iv) high risk GDM (hGDM). ResultsIn the Doha cohort, compared to the NGG group, the odds of large for gestational age babies increased 1.33 fold (P = 0.432), 2.86 fold (P < 0.001) and 3.35 fold (P < 0.001) in the IGG, GDM and hGDM groups respectively. The odds of pregnancy induced hypertension increased 2.10 fold (P = 0.024) in GDM & hGDM groups compared to the IGG and NGG groups. In the Cape Town cohort, a third of women in the GDM group and two-thirds in the hGDM group progressed to T2DM at 5 years. ConclusionsThe NPRP categorization identifies four distinct risk clusters of glycemia in pregnancy which may aid better decision making in routine management, avoid potential over-diagnosis of women at lower risk of complications and assist with diabetes prevention in women at high-risk after an index pregnancy with GDM.

Color halo scenario of charmonium-like hybrids * *Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0203202), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB34030302, XDC01040100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11935017, 11575196, 11775229, 12075253, 12070131001) (CRC 110 by DFG and NSFC). The numerical calculations are carried out on Tianhe-1A at the National

The internal structures of charmonium-like hybrids are investigated under lattice QCD in the quenched approximation. We define the Bethe-Salpeter wave function ( ) in the Coulomb gauge as the matrix element of a spatially extended hybrid-like operator ( ) between the vacuum and n-th state for each , with r being the spatial separation between a localized component and the chromomagnetic strength tensor. These wave functions exhibit some similarities for states with the aforementioned different quantum numbers, and their r-behaviors (no node for the ground states and one node for the first excited states) imply that r can be a meaningful dynamical variable for these states. Additionally, the mass splittings of the ground states and first excited states of charmonium-like hybrids in these channels are obtained for the first time to be approximately 1.2-1.4 GeV. These results do not support the flux-tube description of heavy-quarkonium-like hybrids in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. In contrast, a charmonium-like hybrid can be viewed as a “color halo” charmonium for which a relatively localized color octet is surrounded by gluonic degrees of freedom, which can readily decay into a charmonium state along with one or more light hadrons. The color halo picture is compatible with the decay properties of and suggests LHCb and BelleII to search for charmonium-like hybrids in and final states.