Public Transport Priority Development Research Articles

Collaborative Optimization Model for the Design and Operation of Feeder Bus Routes Based on Urban Metro

The collaborative development of conventional buses and urban metro has become an important research topic for the priority development of urban public transport. The topic of collaborative optimization of feeder bus route design and operation is studied in this study. The objective function is to minimize the total travel time of passengers and the operation cost of feeder buses. The improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the collaborative optimization model, and the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified through the case study. The research shows that it is feasible in model construction and algorithm to carry out collaborative optimization of feeder bus route design and operation. Compared with the multiple-to-one (M to 1) mode, the multiple-to-multiple (M to M) mode can better satisfy the needs of passengers from different places of departure and destinations to achieve a more reasonable and realistic goal. The case study is based on two metro stations and 16 feeder bus stops on Fuzhou Metro line 2 to obtain two bus routes and a corresponding operation scheme. Under the same topology road network, the operation time of the improved PSO algorithm is much shorter than the DFS algorithm, the total cost error of the feeder bus is 0.04%, and the departure frequency error is 4.6%, which is within the reasonable error range. Therefore, the collaborative optimization model proposed in this study is feasible and effective in optimizing the feeder bus routes and operation.

An Integrated Data Envelopment Analysis and Non-Cooperative Game Approach for Public Transportation Incentive Subsidy Allocation

As an important national initiative, China’s public transport priority development strategy is conducive to the development of the public transport industry and urban economic construction. However, current public transport operation is inefficient due to the information asymmetry between the government and public transport enterprises, thereby inevitably generating losses. To address the issue of information asymmetry, this study designs a public transport subsidy allocation method from the perspective of incentives and discusses the allocation results using this method through a case study. The rationality of the proposed method and the scientificity and authenticity of the conclusions, are fully explained and demonstrated via the experimental simulation. Based on real published data of public transport enterprises, the proposed method can motivate public transport enterprises to improve their performance. In the case of reporting false data, the proposed method can motivate public transport enterprises to report accurate data.

Анализ эффективности способов приоритета автобусам при проезде перекрестков с применением адаптивного управления светофорами

In recent years in the cities of the Russian Federation, within the framework of the national project “Safe and high-quality roads” the concept of “priority development of public transport” has been actively implemented and Intelligent transport systems have been created. The article discusses ways to prioritize public transport when passing through intersections using adaptive traffic light control as a possible alternative to a lane for route vehicles. The aim of the study is to reduce the loss of time for road users by determining the best ways to prioritize buses when passing regulated intersections, taking into account the number of passengers in public transport and the loss of time for all traffic participants. During the study, field observation methods, mathematical and simulation modeling were used. The account of the moments of the approach of buses to the regulated intersection and the analysis of the loss of time for buses when passing through the section on the central street of Tyumen was carried out. The scientific novelty lies in establishing the dependencies of the average speed of the bus on the approach to the intersection from the moment until the end of the traffic signal, the delay time of the buses on the number and moment of stopping the buses when passing the intersection. With the help of simulation micromodeling, the dependence of the delay time of buses and cars on traffic intensity was established for five options for priority to public transport. Two variants of priority for buses when passing through intersections are based on the methods of adaptive control of traffic lights and the algorithms “stage recall” and “green extension”. The use of a dedicated lane and the “stage recall” method at high traffic intensity reduces the delay time for buses by 94%, for personal vehicles – increases by 85%. At low traffic intensity, the delay time changes by 11 and 6%, respectively, for buses and cars. The use of the “green extension” method allows to reduce the total delay time by 3.2% with a high traffic volume (1900 veh/h) and a small number of buses (40 veh/h) and has a greater effect than the lane for fixed-route vehicles (deterioration by 148%). To determine the most efficient priority method, it is proposed to take into account the number of passengers in public transport. The dependence of the total delay time of all traffic participants on the traffic intensity of cars and buses with different priority methods has been established. This approach allows us to further determine the area of rational application of priority methods for public transport with the target function of reducing the loss of time for all traffic participants.

Research on Traffic Situation Analysis for Urban Road Network Through Spatiotemporal Data Mining: A Case Study of Xi’an, China

Severe traffic congestion has promoted the development of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Accurately analyzing and predicting the traffic states of the urban road networks has important theoretical significance and practical value for improving traffic efficiency and formulating ITS scheme according to local conditions. This study aims to identify and predict the traffic operation status in the road network within the Third Ring Road in Xi’an and explore spatiotemporal patterns of traffic congestion. In this paper, firstly, we discriminated the traffic status of the urban road network used the GPS data of floating vehicles (e.g., taxis and buses) in Xi’an by the Travel Time Index (TTI). Secondly, we used the emerging hot spot analysis method to locate different hot spot patterns. The time series clustering method was used to divide the whole road network’s locations into distinct clusters with similar spatiotemporal characteristics. Thirdly, we applied three different time series forecasting models, including Curve Fit Forecast (CFF), Exponential Smoothing Forecast (ESF), Forest-based Forecast (FBF), to predict the traffic operation status. Finally, we summarized the spatiotemporal characteristics of the whole-network congestion. The results of this study can contribute some helpful insights for alleviating traffic congestion. For instance, it is essential to speed up the construction of urban traffic microcirculation and increase the road network density. Moreover, it is crucial to adhere to the urban public transport priority development strategy and increase public transportation travel sharing.

Evolutionary game analysis on the implementation of subsidy policy for sustainable transportation development

The priority development of public transport cannot be achieved without the support of the government’s fiscal and taxation policies, while the implementation of the subsidy policy is the joint effect of multiple stakeholders. This paper analyzes the implementation mechanism of public transport subsidy policy from the perspective of carbon emission to discuss the evolutionary stability strategy of tripartite game under different situations, thereby clarifying the key factors affecting the evolutionary path of the stability strategy through simulation. The main conclusions achieved are as follows: (1) When the subsidy and sunk cost are greater than the improper profit brought by the false report, and the travel cost (time and economy) of public transport is greater than that of the individual motorized travel combined, the three will eventually arrive at the state in which government chooses no-audit, the enterprise chooses true report, and the resident choose public transport; (2) More government supervision can help reduce the false reporting behavior of public transport enterprises in the implementation of public transport subsidy policy; (3) The punishment and the improper profit brought by the false report are also the key factors that influence the behavior decision-making of the government and the enterprises; (4) The economic cost of travel plays an important role in the evolution path of residents’ stabilization strategy, yet is of little significance on the behavior decision of enterprises and governments. From the perspective of sustainable transportation development, it is necessary for the government to control or even reduce the ticket price of public transport, and to increase the economic cost of individual motorized travel.

Legal aspects in development of transport infrastructure in the city of Tyumen

The authors of the article seek to determine the nature, characteristics and main directions of development of transport infrastructure in the municipality of Tyumen; to describe the management system for development of transport infrastructure; to develop a model for improving the management of transport infrastructure in the city of Tyumen, to identify measures for improving regional and municipal legislation; to make recommendations for the system of municipal authorities. The study is based on the basic principles and methods of development of transport systems of municipalities. The authors conclude that only implementation of a complex integrated policy at the state level based on the synthesis of transport management systems, urban planning, land use and traffic management is able to resolve current problems in the transport infrastructure of Russian cities. Federal monitoring and control of compliance of public transport services with the quality standards along with responsibility of heads of municipalities will become the main incentives for the priority development of public transport in Russian cities.

Analysis of an optimal public transport structure under a carbon emission constraint: a case study in Shanghai, China.

Along with the rapid development of the transportation industry, the problems of the energy crisis and transport emissions have become increasingly serious. The success of traffic emission reduction is related to the realization of global low-carbon goals. Placing priority on public transport is the internationally recognized traffic development model. This paper takes Shanghai, China, as an example to examine the optimal public transport structure. Five factors were selected from personal and public perspectives, including travel costs, crowding degree, occupied area, traffic emissions, and operating subsidies. The objective functions of these factors were transformed into satisfaction functions, and a multi-objective programming model was used to solve for the optimal proportions of the ground bus and rail transit, and the carbon emission reduction potential was analyzed in different scenarios. The study showed that the actual proportion of rail transit in Shanghai was slightly lower than the optimal value, and accompanied by low satisfaction with each factor relative to the optimal value. It was difficult to achieve the traffic emission reduction targets by only reducing satisfaction with other factors except carbon emissions assuming a fixed proportion of public transport. As the proportion of total travel represented by public transport increased, rail transit became the main mode of public transport and the usage trend was more obvious, but the structure of public transport gradually reached a relatively stable state after a certain level of development. Compared to reducing carbon emissions by changing satisfaction with other factors, it was easier to achieve traffic emission reduction targets by increasing the proportion of public transport. To increase the proportion of public transport travel and achieve the goal of traffic reduction in the future, further improvements are needed in the quality of public transport system services, public transport priority development must be differentiated, and the profitability of the public transport industry itself must be enhanced.

Experience and Reference of Implementing Public Transport Priority Strategy Dominated by Urban Rail Transit in Tokyo

Urban public transportation is the main effective way to solve the problem of increasingly congested city ground traffic, and public transport priority is the important guarantee to realize the way. Due to the short domestic history, there are problems to be solved in the respects of on the implementation of "public transport priority" in specific operation method, implementation measures and matters needing attention etc. Some oversea cities with high population density and serious traffic congestion have made some exploration in public transport priority development whose experiences are worthy of reference. Tokyo, the typical oversea city, has been selected out by this paper. Analysis has been down on the issue of the experiences and achievement of Tokyo in implementing the public transport priority strategy which is donated by urban rail transit, and experiences are summed up. On the basis of it, some suggestions have been proposed for the implementation of China's large cities public transport priority strategy.

Evaluation Index System of Urban Rail and Bus Transfer Integration

Integration is not only the main content of development of urban passenger transport system, but also the urgent need to raise the level of public transport services and enhance the attractiveness of public transport. Thus coordination of urban rail transit and conventional bus transit systems is an inherent requirement of implementation of public transport priority development strategy. In the context of rapid development of rail transit in domestic cities, after summarizing the theory and practice of integration of urban rail and conventional bus transit, this paper analyzed the meanings and levels as well as the evaluation method of coordination between urban rail system and conventional bus system. On the basis of analysis, the evaluation indexes of coordination between urban rail system and bus system from institutional, technological and economic views are defined. After that, an evaluation index system of integration level of urban rail network and conventional bus network was set up.

公共交通优先发展战略实施监管体系研究

公共交通优先发展战略的实施是一项综合性、系统性工作。研究总结分析我国三类典型城市公交行业发展案例，将我国当前城市公交行业发展划分为政府垄断经营、市场化运营、公交优先发展三个层次，并指出完善的市场化运营机制、有效的监管体系是公交优先发展的必要措施。然后，对我国城市公共交通优先发展所需因素进行总结，在此基础上提出了公共交通优先发展战略实施条件下公交系统监管体系构建思路及内容。 It is a comprehensive and systematic work for implementation of public transport priority development strategy. This research summarized and analyzed three kinds of typical cities of bus industry development case, divided the development of urban bus industry into three levels: government monopoly management, market operation and public transport priority development, and pointed out that it was necessary to construct the perfect market operating mechanism and effective supervision system. Then, we summarized the influence factors of public transport priority development. Based on all of these, we proposed supervision system for implementation of public transport priority development strategy.