Printable Files Research Articles

Erratum

Hjorth, L., & Richardson, I. (2017). Pokémon GO: Mobile media play, place-making, and the digital wayfarer. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 3–14. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916680015. In the above Editorial, “(XXXX)” has been cited many times throughout the text, which should actually be the year 2017. In the same article, the references, which have not been completely updated in the print files, are as follows: De Souza e Silva, A. (2017). Pokémon GO as an HRG: Mobility, sociability, and surveillance in hybrid spaces. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 20–23. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916676232. Frith, J. (2017). The digital “lure”: Small businesses and Pokémon GO. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 51–54. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916677861. Giddings, S. (2017). Pokémon GO as distributed imagination. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 59–62. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916677866. Humphries, L. (2017). Involvement shield or social catalyst: Thoughts on sociospatial practice of Pokémon GO. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 15–19. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916677864. Jin, D. Y. (2017). Critical interpretation of the Pokémon GO phenomenon: The intensification of new capitalism and free labor. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 55–58. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916677306. Keogh, B. (2017). Pokémon GO, the novelty of nostalgia, and the ubiquity of the smartphone. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 38–41. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916678025. Licoppe, C. (2017). From Mogi to Pokémon GO: Continuities and change in location-aware collection games. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 24–29. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916677862. McCrea, C. (2017). Pokémon’s progressive revelation: Notes on 20 years of game design. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 42–46. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916678271. Mäyrä, F. (2017). Pokémon GO: Entering the Ludic Society. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 47–50. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916678270. Salen Tekinbaş, K. (2017). Afraid to roam: The unlevel playing field of Pokémon GO. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 34–37.DOI:10.1177/2050157916677865. Sicart, M. (2017). Reality has always been augmented: Play and the promises of Pokémon GO. Mobile Media & Communication, 5(1), 30–33. DOI: 10.1177/2050157916677863. SAGE regrets the error.

Streamlining the Process of 3D Printing a Brain From a Structural MRI

Currently, the process of obtaining a 3D model from a structural MRI requires specialized knowlege and skills. This is not due to the fundamental difficulty and complexity of the process, but is a result of the fact that the neccessary tools were developed for and by neuroimaging researchers. This project describes a publically available utility implemented as a Docker image that takes a structural MRI as input, and gives files for 3D printing as output, along with a rendered image of the surface.

A Case Study in Astronomical 3D Printing: The Mysterious η Carinae

Three-dimensional (3D) printing moves beyond interactive 3D graphics and provides an excellent tool for both visual and tactile learners, since 3D printing can now easily communicate complex geometries and full color information. Some limitations of interactive 3D graphics are also alleviated by 3D printable models, including issues of limited software support, portability, accessibility, and sustainability. We describe the motivations, methods, and results of our work on using 3D printing (1) to visualize and understand the η Car Homunculus nebula and central binary system and (2) for astronomy outreach and education, specifically, with visually impaired students. One new result we present is the ability to 3D print full-color models of η Car’s colliding stellar winds. We also demonstrate how 3D printing has helped us communicate our improved understanding of the detailed structure of η Car’s Homunculus nebula and central binary colliding stellar winds, and their links to each other. Attached to this article are full-color 3D printable files of both a red-blue Homunculus model and the η Car colliding stellar winds at orbital phase 1.045. 3D printing could prove to be vital to how astronomer’s reach out and share their work with each other, the public, and new audiences.

Knowledge Reuse for Customization: Metamodels in an Open Design Community for 3D Printing

Theories of knowledge reuse posit two distinct processes: reuse for replication and reuse for innovation. We identify another distinct process, reuse for customization. Reuse for customization is a process in which designers manipulate the parameters of metamodels to produce models that fulfill their personal needs. We test hypotheses about reuse for customization in Thingiverse, a community of designers that shares files for three-dimensional printing. 3D metamodels are reused more often than the 3D models they generate. The reuse of metamodels is amplified when the metamodels are created by designers with greater community experience. Metamodels make the community's design knowledge available for reuse for customization-or further extension of the metamodels, a kind of reuse for innovation.

Programmatic conversion of crystal structures into 3D printable files using Jmol.

BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) printed crystal structures are useful for chemistry teaching and research. Current manual methods of converting crystal structures into 3D printable files are time-consuming and tedious. To overcome this limitation, we developed a programmatic method that allows for facile conversion of thousands of crystal structures directly into 3D printable files.ResultsA collection of over 30,000 crystal structures in crystallographic information file (CIF) format from the Crystallography Open Database (COD) were programmatically converted into 3D printable files (VRML format) using Jmol scripting. The resulting data file conversion of the 30,000 CIFs proceeded as expected, however some inconsistencies and unintended results were observed with co-crystallized structures, racemic mixtures, and structures with large counterions that led to 3D printable files not containing the desired chemical structure. Potential solutions to these challenges are considered and discussed. Further, a searchable Jmol 3D Print website was created that allows users to both discover the 3D file dataset created in this work and create custom 3D printable files for any structure in the COD.ConclusionsOver 30,000 crystal structures were programmatically converted into 3D printable files, allowing users to have quick access to a sizable collection of 3D printable crystal structures. Further, any crystal structure (>350,000) in the COD can now be conveniently converted into 3D printable file formats using the Jmol 3D Print website created in this work. The 3D Print website also allows users to convert their own CIFs into 3D printable files. 3D file data, scripts, and the Jmol 3D Print website are provided openly to the community in an effort to promote discovery and use of 3D printable crystal structures. The 3D file dataset and Jmol 3D Print website will find wide use with researchers and educators seeking to 3D print chemical structures, while the scripts will be useful for programmatically converting large database collections of crystal structures into 3D printable files.

Development and Assessment of a Low-Cost 3D-printed Airway Model for Bronchoscopy Simulation Training.

We report upon the techniques used to create a plastic 3-dimensional-printed bronchoscopy trainer from an actual patient computed tomography scan. The formatting methods to create the printable file, using free open access software, are outlined. The resulting high anatomic fidelity part-task trainer is described, as well as experienced bronchoscopists' perception of its realism and utility as a training tool. A discussion of the current state of knowledge about the role of simulation in bronchoscopy training, as well as the potential contribution of this device, is presented.

TU‐H‐CAMPUS‐IeP2‐05: Breast and Soft Tissue‐Equivalent 3D Printed Phantoms for Imaging and Dosimetry

Purpose:The study has the goal to demonstrate that breast and soft tissue‐equivalent phantoms for dosimetry applications in the diagnostic energy range can be fabricated using common 3D printing methods.Methods:3D printing provides the opportunity to rapidly prototype uniquely designed objects from a variety of materials. Common 3D printers are usually limited to printing objects based on thermoplastic materials such as PLA, or ABS. The most commonly available plastic is PLA, which has a density significantly greater than soft tissue. We utilized a popular 3D printer to demonstrate that tissue specific phantom materials can be generated through the careful selection of 3D printing parameters. A series of stepwedges were designed and printed using a Makerbot Replicator2 3D printing system. The print file provides custom adjustment of the infill density, orientation and position of the object on the printer stage, selection of infill patterns, and other control parameters. The x‐ray attenuation and uniformity of fabricated phantoms were evaluated and compared to common tissue‐equivalent phantom materials, acrylic and BR12. X‐ray exposure measurements were made using narrow beam geometry on a clinical mammography unit at 28 kVp on the series of phantoms. The 3D printed phantoms were imaged at 28 kVp to visualize the internal structure and uniformity in different planes of the phantoms.Results:By utilizing specific in‐fill density and patterns we are able to produce a phantom closely matching the attenuation characteristics of BR12 at 28 kVp. The in‐fill patterns used are heterogeneous, so a judicious selection of fill pattern and the orientation of the fill pattern must be made in order to obtain homogenous attenuation along the intended direction of beam propagation.Conclusions:By careful manipulation of the printing parameters, breast and soft tissue‐equivalent phantoms appropriate for use at imaging energies can be fabricated using 3D printing techniques.

From 3-Dimensional Printing to 5-Dimensional Printing: Enhancing Thoracic Surgical Planning and Resection of Complex Tumors

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of anatomic models for complex surgical cases improves patient and resident education, operative team planning, and guides the operation. Our group describes two additional dimensions. The process of 5-dimensional (5D) printing was developed for surgical planning. Pretreatment computed tomography and positron emission tomography scans were reformatted and fused. Selected anatomy from these studies, along with posttreatment computed tomography and magnetic resonance images, were coregistered and segmented. This fused anatomy was converted into stereolithography files for 3D printing. A patient presenting with a complex thoracic tumor was selected for 5D printing. 3D and 5D models were prepared to allow surgical teams to directly evaluate and compare the added benefits of information provided by printing in 5 dimensions. Printing 5D models in patients with complex thoracic pathology facilitates surgical planning, selecting margins for resection, anticipating potential difficulties, teaching for learners, and education for patients.

Drowning in triangle soup: the quest for a better 3-D printing file format

File formats for additive manufacturing are lagging behind the capabilities of 3-D printing technology itself, and no one is doing anything about it.

Explaining Digital Ecosystem Evolution: The Revelatory Case of a Digital Platform Start-Up in the 3d Printing Industry

Ecosystems have been shown to provide a suitable perspective for analysis of value co-creation through different actors. In this research-in-progress paper, we focus on the emergence and evolution of a digital platform as the core of a 3D printing ecosystem. The digital platform automatically eradicates design issues of 3D print files, thereby making 3D printing accessible to a broader range of actors and removing friction between suppliers and consumers in the 3D printing service industry. Conducting an inductive in-depth case study, we set out to identify the mechanisms that underlie the emergence and evolution of the digital platform and branching of its services. Our findings shed light on how mechanisms related to upstream, core, and downstream adaptations of the digital platform led to an iterative evolution of the 3D printing service ecosystem.

Illustrating Concepts in Physical Organic Chemistry with 3D Printed Orbitals

Orbital theory provides a powerful tool for rationalizing and understanding many phenomena in chemistry. In most introductory chemistry courses, students are introduced to atomic and molecular orbitals in the form of two-dimensional drawings. In this work, we describe a general method for producing 3D printing files of orbital models that can be employed with most popular software packages for performing electronic structure calculations and molecular visualization. Methods for producing both solid and mesh orbitals are provided, including pointers for producing a model that is both informative and structurally sound. Finally, numerous examples of various systems of interest in physical organic chemistry are provided in the .stl format for 3D printing, as well as a fully illustrated tutorial for the process.

Not Sucking in the Seventies: The Rolling Stones and the Myth of Decline

This article reappraises the Stones’ “lost years.” However, in covering their reputation-imperiling half-decade between 1973 and 1978, it reaches back to the band’s fabled 1960s heyday and forward to its “revival” in order to identify continuities in practice and performance to counter the critical orthodoxy. Through the ’70s, the Rolling Stones released eight studio albums and one live set and toured almost annually; and, while their growing number of critics were keen to charge them with treason, their growing number of fans were evidently untroubled by the band’s often-cited crimes against the “ideology of rock.” I am not simply proposing, though, that healthy sales should be mobilized to bust the myth of decline. For, if not always “ahead of the game,” the Stones had a creatively meaningful relationship with some of the decade’s key musical developments—glam, disco, punk, and reggae. So, far from standing still artistically, gazing glassily at their elegantly wasted navels, stupefied by narcotics and cocooned by their bank balances, the Rolling Stones did some of their best work in this period—from the glam-ballad “Angie” through the funky dread of “Finger Print File” to the lo-fi energy of “Respectable.”

3D Printed Block Copolymer Nanostructures

The emergence of 3D printing has dramatically advanced the availability of tangible molecular and extended solid models. Interestingly, there are few nanostructure models available both commercially and through other do-it-yourself approaches such as 3D printing. This is unfortunate given the importance of nanotechnology in science today. In this work, we have filled part of this gap by designing and 3D printing several block copolymer (BCP) nanostructure morphologies. We used a variety of methods including manually drawing the files within 3D computer design software, using equations with mathematical graphing software, and developing a programming script to convert self-consistent field theory (SCFT) structure data into a 3D printable file. Conversion of SCF data into 3D printable structures may find broader applicability beyond creating BCP nanostructures as SCF calculations are used in a variety of geometric computations. All methods reported herein produced tangible 3D prints of approximately equal q...

Life Cycle Assessment of a Magazine, Part II: A Comparison of Print and Tablet Editions

SummaryThe rapid development of information and communications technology (ICT) is providing new ways to access media content. Electronic media are sometimes more advantageous from an environmental perspective than paper‐based media solutions, but ICT‐based media can also bring environmental burdens. This study compared the potential environmental impacts in a life cycle perspective of a print edition of a magazine and that of its electronic edition read on a tablet device. Important objectives were to identify activities giving rise to the main environmental impacts for both the print and tablet editions, determine the key factors influencing these impacts, and address data gaps and uncertainties. A detailed assessment of the tablet edition is provided in a previous article (part 1), whereas this article compares it with the print edition. The methodology used was life cycle assessment and the environmental impacts assessed included climate change, cumulative energy/exergy demand, metal depletion, photochemical oxidant formation, particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, and fossil depletion. Use of different functional units to compare the print and tablet editions of the magazine resulted in different relative environmental impacts. In addition, emerging (low number of readers and low reading time per copy) and mature (higher number of readers and higher reading time per copy) tablet editions yielded varying results. The emerging tablet edition resulted in higher potential environmental impacts per reader than the print edition, but the mature tablet edition yielded lower impacts per reader in half the impact categories assessed. This illustrates the importance of spreading the environmental impacts over a large number of readers. The electricity mix used in product system processes did not greatly affect the results of tablet/print comparisons, but overall number of readers for the tablet edition, number of readers per copy for the print edition, file size, and degree of use of the tablet device proved crucial for the comparison results.

3D printed models of small and large molecules, structures and morphologies of crystals, as well as their anisotropic physical properties

Three‐dimensional (3D) physical models of atomic structures of crystals, their anisotropic properties and morphologies as well as models of small and large molecules were printed with support from 3D Systems Corporation. Structural information in Crystallographic Information Framework (CIF) files from the Crystallography Open Database and the Protein Data Bank was utilized. Computer programs were either newly developed (Cif2VRML) or enhanced by 3D print file export functions (WinXMorph and WinTensor) in order to design most of these models. Current 3D printing technologies are briefly reviewed. The literature on the impact on students’ comprehension and retention of structural information with access to such models is assessed. Our taking of a historical perspective in this paper illustrates that the usage of models has for more than 200 years been an integral component of crystallography.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Seleksi Penerimaan Calon Siswa/i Baru Menggunakan Algoritma C4.5 (Studi Kasus: SDIT An-Najah Jatinom Klaten)

Education is very important and one of the keys of the progress of a country. Basic education or elementary school is the first stage of a long journey for a student in taking his or her education. The more parents has awareness in the importance of an education so the more the parents will enroll their children to study in school. Although the number of schools in a certain place is already considered enough, admission of new students still become a unique phenomenon because number of prospective new students entering school is huge but the admission method still uses manual techniques. Whether using a test or previous level report book, the rank and decision making about the acceptance of the students is still done manually. It can also provide opportunities for certain parties to commit fraud in the admission selection from subjective point of view (outside of the fixed criteria) which makes incorrect calculation and grading so the results are not properly valid. This research would apply the rules that is formed from the decision trees on admission of new students selection process at SDIT An-Najah Jatinom Klaten. A decision tree consists of a set of rules for dividing a heterogeneous population into smaller parts, and more homogeneous with noticing to the goal variables. C4.5 algorithm is one of the algorithms used to form a decision tree. The purpose of this research is to apply the rules that are formed from the C4.5 decision tree algorithm in admission of new students selection process. The registration (log) is expected to be more structured through this system so operator can easily and quickly process the calculation and ranking the prospective new student. Service becomes more rapid, accurate, effective, and efficient in terms of time and place because the piled print files (takes place and time) can be concise (stored in the database). The results shows that the system is able to provide recommendations for the admission process based on the criteria and history that have ever happened. Based on sample data of 100 data among several criterias (religion, age, the average time from the each student’ place to the school, parents income per month, number of siblings)is is found that religious criteria have the highest gain value in the calculation of the initial node, ie by 0.367877. Finnaly, this system has been running correctly and can help the school admission committee in the selection of new candidate students.

‘Clone Wars’ Episode II—The Next Generation: The Copyright Implications Relating to 3D Printing and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Files

The future market potential of 3D printing will rest on the dissemination of Computer Aided Design (CAD) files. Without clear instructions from a CAD file, a 3D printer will not function. In fact, “a 3D printer without an attached computer and a good design file is as useless as an iPod without music”. The importance of CAD-based design files, therefore, cannot be underestimated. Drawing on UK and EU copyright laws and their application to 3D printing and CAD files, this paper will, first, question whether CAD files can be protected by copyright law before considering the copyright implications thrown up by the modification of CAD files as a result of scanning and the use of online tools. Highlighting some of the challenges for rights holders and users existent in the present law the paper advocates new business models over a premature call for stringent intellectual property laws before concluding with some recommendations for the future.

Multiclonal Diagnosis and MRD Follow-up in ALL with HTS Coupled with a Bioinformatic Analysis

Background: The molecular diagnosis in ALL allows by the research for rearrangements V(D)J on lymphoblast DNA , to find markers of clonality in 95% of the cases. These markers also are used to quantify the minimal residual disease by real time Q-PCR to adapt treatments. This strategy fails in some cases : Absence of initial marker, failure of sequencing or emergence at relapse time of a clone not observed at diagnosis time or in very minority. Several studies have asserted the usefulness of high-throughput sequencing (HTS). It enables deep sequencing of a lymphoid population, bypassing some of these problems. However, the huge amount of data raises two challenges. First, hospitals must be able to store and process terabytes of data per year. Second, the data must be nicely synthesized to ease clinician interpretation.Here, we report the use of HTS, in a hematology lab, for diagnosis and follow-up of ALL combined with a bioinformatic analysis and visualization with the new dedicated Vidjil software (Giraud, Salson, et al, BMC Genomics 2014, http://www.vidjil.org).Patients and methods: We studied the clonality of 8 pediatric patients (5 B-ALL and 3 T-ALL, 2w/6m, 2-14 years) at diagnosis and follow-up (37 follow-up time points). The sensitivity was estimated by a range of dilution of DNA tumoral in DNA of PBL from healthy donors (10-2 to 10-5). For every sample, 500ng of bone marrow DNA are extracted on Qiagen® Kit, measured on NanoDrop system® and amplified by a classical (not fluorescent) PCR system for TCRg and IgH target. These systems are described or derived from the BIOMED-2 works. The sequencing libraries are done from the PCR products, verified by electrophoresis on agarose gel then bar-coded with Ion Fragment Plus® kit and sequenced with an Ion Torrent® 318 Chip system.The obtained sequences are classified on the basis of their V(D)J rearrangements. The dedicated Vidjil browser enables to explore the lymphocyte population and to track the clones along the time. We can inspect the sequences and send them directly to IMGT/V-QUEST or IgBlast for further analysis. It is possible to tag, rename or filter out some clones, and export the resulting graphs to a printable file. Due to sequencing errors, there may be several clones corresponding to a real clone. The browser enables to align such sequences, and we can choose to merge them. The browser can also be used to compare several runs on the same sample, for example with different PCR conditions.Results: We identified several clones in the diagnosis sample and observed their evolution at different follow-up time points. Clones that were detected by classic methods were also found by Vidjil. Moreover the software allows us to look more in-depth at other clones appearing at lower concentrations. Relapses were detected, and for one patient, two emerging clones were observed.Figure 1 shows plots of the concentration for a patient with B common-ALL. The first point is the diagnosis; the four other points are respectively D35, D70, and D90 after bone marrow transplantation, and relapse. The patient was followed both on IgH (upper plot) and TCRg (lower plot). In both systems, there is the emergence of a new clone at relapse while some of the main clones at diagnosis were not detectable anymore or at a very low concentration. Those clones were also confirmed by conventional methods. [Display omitted] Using high-throughput sequencing together with bioinformatic analysis and visualization with Vidjil allows identifying very easily the emergence of new clones that were not detected at diagnosis.Conclusion: The HTS prefigures new steps both for the knowledge of the lymphoid and auto-immune pathologies and for the ALL MRD follow-up. Coupled with a bioinformatic analysis, it gives a more complete insight of the blastic population at diagnosis and allows observing the evolution of this population. The whole analysis including the preparation, the sequencing, the software analysis and the clinician validation seems faster than the current protocols.Our protocol has been designed and tested for two years in Lille and is now being tested in other French hospitals involved in ALL-MRD. We believe that such integrated approaches, where clinicians maintain control over patient data, have their role to play. This raises the need for people having experience with high-throughput sequencing in hospitals. With the advent of this technology and its biomedical applications, that should not be a great issue. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Developing the Greek Reference Index for the Social Sciences and Humanities

The Greek Reference Index for the Social Sciences and Humanities (GRISSH) is a service that collects, documents, stores and, where possible, provides access to peer-reviewed publications in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (SSH) by Greek publishers. It also provides long-term preservation for the digital and print files of the publications. The GRISSH was conceived by the National Documentation Centre (EKT) and the documentation and access platform is developed by the organization itself (OpenABEKT). The GRISSH is, in essence, a collaborative project that advances with the assistance and active participation of the publishing and scholarly community in Greece. It is intended as an essential reference service for the research and publishing community in Greece and abroad. The present contribution presents the goals, objectives and key benefits of the project; the evaluation criteria for the selection of content; the specifications for the development of the index; the methodology of documentation; the emerging collaborations with stakeholders. It also, present how the GRISSH project is aligned with the national and international agendas in view of a coordinated development and e-infrastructure that will support the sectors of academia, research and academic publishing.

DEVELOPMENT OF A STEREOLITHOGRAPHY (STL) INPUT AND COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC) OUTPUT ALGORITHM FOR AN ENTRY-LEVEL 3-D PRINTER

This paper presents a prototype Stereolithography (STL) file format slicing and tool-path generation algorithm, which serves as a data front-end for a Rapid Prototyping (RP) entry- level three-dimensional (3-D) printer. Used mainly in Additive Manufacturing (AM), 3-D printers are devices that apply plastic, ceramic, and metal, layer by layer, in all three dimensions on a flat surface (X, Y, and Z axis). 3-D printers, unfortunately, cannot print an object without a special algorithm that is required to create the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) instructions for printing. An STL algorithm therefore forms a critical component for Layered Manufacturing (LM), also referred to as RP. The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm that is capable of processing and slicing an STL file or multiple files, resulting in a tool-path, and finally compiling a CNC file for an entry-level 3- D printer. The prototype algorithm was implemented for an entry-level 3-D printer that utilises the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process or Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) process; an AM technology. Following an experimental method, the full data flow path for the prototype algorithm was developed, starting with STL data files, and then processing the STL data file into a G-code file format by slicing the model and creating a tool-path. This layering method is used by most 3-D printers to turn a 2-D object into a 3-D object. The STL algorithm developed in this study presents innovative opportunities for LM, since it allows engineers and architects to transform their ideas easily into a solid model in a fast, simple, and cheap way. This is accomplished by allowing STL models to be sliced rapidly, effectively, and without error, and finally to be processed and prepared into a G-code print file.