Restorative Principles Research Articles

Key Principles for Managing Recovery of Kelp Forests through Restoration

AbstractThere is increasing interest in mitigating the loss of kelp forests through restoration, but this has received scant attention relative to other coastal habitats. We evaluate current knowledge centered on key restoration principles to provide guidelines for best practice in kelp restoration. The cause and scale of degradation is fundamental in determining if kelp can be restored and the methods required to promote reestablishment. Removal of stressors may be adequate to achieve restoration goals where degradation is not too widespread or acute. Extensive losses of kelp forests will often require active reseeding of areas because of the low dispersal ability of many kelp species. Restoration efforts have generally taken a trial-and-error approach at experimental scales to develop techniques for establishing individuals. Furthermore, studies that inform cost–benefit analysis and the appropriate spatial scales for restoration of sustainable kelp forests are urgently needed for prioritizing and scaling up restoration efforts globally.

Ecological effects of daylighting and plant reintroduction to the Cheonggye Stream in Seoul, Korea

Seoul's Cheonggye Stream Reconstruction Project removed the concrete road surface that had covered the stream basin for decades to allow sunlight to the stream, reconstructed the stream's channel, restored the surface flow of water by pumping water from the river's downstream to its upstream area, and reintroduced riparian vegetation. Although the project did not fulfill the conditions of ecological restoration, there were a few ecological effects that this project brought. The reconstructed Cheonggye stream has enhanced species diversity and decreased the percentage of exotic species compared to an unrestored urban stream. Also, the species composition of the reintroduced riparian vegetation of the Cheonggye stream has since grown to more closely resemble the natural reference streams, whereas dissimilar to the degraded urban reference site. The re-established vegetation has attracted numerous animal species, and thereby increasing the size and diversity of the biota from 17 species before reconstruction to approximately 400 species. Consequently, the naturalness of the reconstructed Cheonggye stream, as indicated by morphological and ecological characteristics, has improved markedly. In addition, the reconstruction project also improved the water quality, as reflected by the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). But the restoration of the Cheonggye stream is still underway and several requirements still need to be met to fully actualize true restoration. First, the river zone should be extended and linked to the surrounding terrestrial ecosystems to create an ecological network based on ecological information from the reference area. Second, more diverse microhabitats should be created within the waterway to support greater biodiversity. Flooding during the rainy season produces various microhabitats and human assistance can aid this natural occurrence. Finally, species composition and its spatial arrangement were focused on landscaping during the reconstruction; this approach should be changed to reflect the principles of ecological restoration.

INTERIOR RESTORATION A.A MARAMIS BUILDING MINISTRY OF FINANCE OF INDONESIA: DEVELOPING INTERIOR CONCEPTS WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE RESTORATION

A.A Maramis is a palace building consisting of 3 floors with the 19th century Empire in Indonesia. This building represents the development of Indonesian architecture in the early 19th century. In the renovation planning that began at the end of 2019, the A.A Maramis building is expected to be a historical reminder of how important this agency is as well as the chronology of events that have occurred in the past in order to increase love for the nation and the motherland. In the planning of restoration is expected to become one of the attractive and educative tourism destination. Restoration of A.A. Maramis building refers to the concepts and principles of Cultural Heritage. This study uses qualitative methods and interdisciplinary approaches include history, culture, and aesthetics. The renovation and development as well as the use of the interior or interior is a place to preserve, present and convey information about the travel history of the Ministry of Finance in developing the nation and state of Indonesia.Keywords: A.A Maramis building Ministry of Finance of Indonesia, developing, interior concept, the principle of cultural heritage restoration

Reinforcement and Restoration Studies of the Edremit Ataturk House

Edremit Ataturk House has been restored under international restoration principles. Due to its importance, a systematic study was carried out to prevent the building from suffering damage. The current situation of the building was investigated by using slightly destructive and non-destructive test methods. Flat-jack and shear tests were used in order to identify the mechanical properties of masonry walls according to the ASTM standards. The operational modal analysis test method was used in order to understand its dynamic characteristics. After the diagnosis phase, a finite element model was prepared and calibrated according to the in-situ test results. The reinforcement studies were performed according to the finite element modal analysis results. Finally, the differences between the dynamic properties of the structure were evaluated by vibration tests before and after the restoration works.

Práticas Restaurativas e os conflitos cotidianos

Este artigo consiste em um ensaio teórico sobre Justiça Restaurativa (JR) e o uso de seus princípios diante de conflitos cotidianos. Partindo do entendimento de que é na relação com o outro que produzimos conflitos, apresentamos brevemente noções de conflito como construção social, o desenvolvimento da JR e práticas restaurativas no Brasil e no mundo e, por fim, tecemos reflexões e indagações sobre os efeitos que a utilização dos princípios restaurativos podem produzir quando transpomos seu uso para nossas relações cotidianas.s.

Современные проблемы медицинского образования как угроза национальной безопасности России

The article refers about the problems of Russian health care and higher and midlle medical education as integral elements of a single holistic system of the state in the conditions of their commercialization. A serious test for health care was the Covid-19 epidemic, which revealed the consequences of the so-called optimization of the medical industry: lack of an effective plan to prepare for the outbreak, lack of hospitals and beds, trained medical and nursing personnel, necessary equipment and medicines, test systems for determining coronavirus, protective suits, consumables, including masks. In order to understand modern trends, the dynamics of indicators of the state of the medical industry in Tsar 's Russia, the USSR and the Russian Federation after 1991 to the present have been traced. Modern Russia finds itself in a number of positions dropped to the indicators of 1913 (reduction of the number of hospitals and polyclinics, graduation of doctors and paramedics, in fact there is no medical industry, chemical and pharmaceutical production, etc.). The main elements of effective organization of higher medical education are identified, which presents both issues of material support of students and teachers, as well as core issues of educational process. The weaknesses of medical education have been identified, which are due both to the lack of sound State policy to support it and to its consequence - insufficient funding. The materials of the article make it possible to formulate the principles of restoration of domestic medical education as the foundation of the health care system.

The politics of youth justice reform in post-conflict societies: mainstreaming restorative justice in Northern Ireland and South Africa

Criminal justice reform plays a pivotal role in helping to foster reconciliation and peace-building in postconflict societies. In the wake of their respective political transitions, both Northern Ireland and South Africa have formulated proposals for reform of their youth justice systems based upon restorative principles. This article analyses the attempts to roll out these reforms in both jurisdictions. It considers why new youth justice arrangements have largely been well received in Northern Ireland, yet have struggled to be implemented successfully in South Africa and reflects on possible lessons to be learnt in the context of postconflict transformations.

The conservation and restoration performances under Seljuk Architectural Patronage

The aim of this study is to expose the similarities between the restoration, conservation, and also reparation works focused on the monumental and public building under the Architectural Patronage of Seljuk Sultans in Anatolia. Reparations and present restoration approach through the protection – reparation examples they made in their periods. The research method is based on a comparative analysis of the approaches followed in the restoration and restoration of monumental structures built by previous civilizations in the territories dominated by the Seljuk state of Anatolia. In the scope of the study Aspendos Theatre, Aksaray Sultan Caravanserai and Sultan Alaaddin Bridge will be taken up it will be tried to understand the principles in the restoration efforts of the Anatolian Seljuks and light the way for the present restoration studies with the achieved accumulation and experience. As a result of the research, the findings indicate that the modern Seljuk state era has been applied to the repair-conservation of monumental monuments very close to the contemporary principles of contemporary restoration.

GREENMARKETING: DISTRIBUTION, SALES, SERVICE

Goal. Substantiation of the theoretical basis for the use of green marketing technologies in the processes of distribution, sales and service in accordance with the evolution of models of sustainable development of economic relations at micro and macro levels in terms of manifestations and consequences of globalization, pandemics, economic crises and political instability. Method. Analysis of the impact of the main trends in the development of green marketing technologies on business processes at the micro and macro levels is based on methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, grouping and comparison. The study of the evolution of green marketing technologies in the processes of promotion, sales and service is based on methods of generalization, comparisons, dialectical approach. Results. Emphasis is placed on strengthening the role of the concept of sustainable development of economic relations at the micro and macro levels of management in terms of manifestations and consequences of globalization, pandemics, economic crises and political instability of the world economy. It is noted that the world economic space is characterized by increased competition for production and consumption. It is shown that decisions on the introduction of green marketing technologies in the processes of production, sales and service should be made on the basis of analysis of motivation of producers and consumers, assessment of environmental and economic efficiency of stimulating the transition to sustainable development at all levels of production and consumption. environmental friendliness of goods and services with technological production capabilities, projected production costs and expected results from the use of green marketing technologies on the market. It is substantiated that the logic of the dominant transformations of the world socio-economic space to the conditions of sustainable development is the spread of green marketing technologies. According to the concept of green marketing, these technologies should be planned and implemented taking into account environmental needs and market requirements and based on the principles of restoration, preservation and improvement of the environment, natural resources and optimal generation and use of waste. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the effectiveness of green marketing technologies is largely due to the state of its four interconnected complexes: production, sales, service and consumption, which form a single ecosystem. Thus change of parameters of functioning of any of the specified complexes in the course of realization of a green marketing policy, certainly, will affect both a condition of private consumption (microlevel), and on the general result of national well-being (macrolevel). It is proved that there is mutualism - a situation in which the effectiveness of interaction is important for both private (personal) and joint (at the level of society) result. It is shown that green marketing technologies provide additional economic benefits to producers and help to interact with consumers based on their assessment of not their own but public benefit. Scientific novelty. The expediency of introduction and dissemination to all levels of management at the micro and macro levels of management in terms of coevolutionary development of its four interconnected complexes: scientific and educational, socio-cultural, industrial, economic and public policy.

Этнополитическое движение как проводник институционализации национализма в современной Латвии

This article investigates the Popular Front of Latvia, a public ethnopolitical movement that substantially contributed to the independence of the modern Republic of Latvia. The study aims to identify how much the movement influenced the development of ethnic nationalism, which has become essential to statehood and the identification of politics. It continues to reinforce group inequality in this multiethnic country. The article describes the background and main landmarks of the movement. Content analysis of manifestos has been carried out to trace changes in the Popular Front’s ideological vision. It is shown that the shift in priorities that took place during the 1988—1991 struggle for Latvia’s political and economic independence led to a non-democratic political regime. Particular attention is paid to the movement’s proposals concerning the principles of statehood restoration and citizenship acquisition as well as to approaches to solving ethnic problems. The focus is on why and under what circumstances the Popular Front dissolved itself and the supra-ethnic opposition, its main rivals, left the political scene. It is argued that the Popular Front of Latvia created conditions both for the titular nation taking precedence over other ethnic groups and for the exclusion of one-third of the country’s resident population from political life. It is concluded that, as the movement transformed and gradually abandoned its democratic principles, it became the main vehicle for the institutionalisation of ethnic nationalism in Latvia.

Development of regulatory framework in field of restoration materials

The restoration of historical objects allows you to save and recreate cultural monuments for the present and future generations. The work provides information on the restoration process, restoration materials, principles of scientific restoration. Based on the example of dry building mixes and ceramic decor, the classification of restoration materials is given and the main technical properties are highlighted, the need for standardization of these materials with the involvement of specialists in the field of building materials science is shown. It is shown that general construction quality indicators do not fully reflect the requirements of restoration materials in terms of reproducing the authenticity of material and technology. A review of the regulatory framework in the field of restoration, including federal laws, codes of restoration rules, interstate, national and international standards, is given. The features and directions of the further development of standardization in the field of restoration materials are highlighted.

Selecting the restoration period and source material in the restoration of early Joseon Buddhist temples in Korea

ABSTRACTThis study considered how to secure authenticity and integrity in the restoration of wooden architectural heritage and establish the principles for restoration, by tracing the process to determine the restoration period of Korean Buddhist temples using the source materials. It analyzed the features by type of source materials and the data utilized in restoration via the case of restoration of Naksansa Wontongbojeon Hall and looked into the relation between the process that the time point of restoration is determined and the source materials. As the restoration period was determined as early Joseon, buildings established from late Goryeo to early Joseon which have been existing so far were used as the useful source materials in determining building ways to preserve a style of Wontongbojeon Hall. Among the wide range of source materials, the discovered data and pictures as well as current situation were the most influential factors in determining the restoration period as early Joseon. In addition, it was inevitable that current requirements different from the past, including function and purpose of restored buildings, the physical status of surroundings, etc., had to be utilized as the source materials for this study. Therefore, correlation between the restoration period and source materials could be determined because the source materials played an important role in determining the restoration period which also determined the use of source materials. Such a process of restoration implies continuity of the value of lives in the past to the future while securing the principles of restoration, authenticity and integrity.

Historic Gardens and Parks Worldwide and in Greece: Principles of Acknowledgement, Conservation, Restoration and Management

The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Florence Charter 1981 on Historic Gardens sets the first guidelines for the definition of a historic garden, in which sites such as large parks, whether formal or landscape, are included. Since then, there is a continuous effort worldwide on issues of historic garden acknowledgement, conservation, restoration and management. Countries with garden and park tradition, such as the U.K., USA, France and others, have several sites registered and protected. Furthermore, historic garden and park associations exist in Italy, Spain and Portugal, among other nations. In Greece, there is no specific official policy or association regarding historic parks, gardens or landscapes. Greek law includes historic gardens and parks within the spectrum of works of art, places of outstanding natural beauty and historic places/lands for partial or absolute protection, and, thus, attempts in identifying historic landscapes fall generally in other categories, but law specified for historic gardens. However, in both the Greek ratification of the European Landscape Convention and the European Biodiversity directives, there are aspects one could interpret as very useful for the acknowledgement and policy-making on historic gardens and parks. In this paper, an overview on historic gardens and parks abroad and in Greece is attempted, along with aspects of acknowledgement, protection, conservation, restoration and management. Finally, a first attempt on methodological outlines for the acknowledgement and conservation of historic gardens and parks in Greece is presented.

Single molar replacement immediately loaded with final crown through Straumann BLX and chairside digital workflow – One tooth one time technique

Background Immediate implant loading is a valid treatment and usually with an immediate provisionalization without occlusal contact. Implant's modifications of topography and roughness, thread design and dimensions influence the functional bone-to-implant area. The Straumann® BLX is a fully tapered bone level implant that provides optimum primary stability, osseointegration with enhanced bone-to-implant contact and marginal bone maintenance properties, turning it a good choice for immediate loading. Aim/Hypothesis This study brings a case series treated with a technique described as One Tooth One Time (1T1T), consisting in the replacement of missing posterior teeth using the new Straumann® BLX Implant system and digital workflow for the rehabilitation of the cases with an immediate definitive prosthesis. Material and Methods This series of cases gathered, from a private clinic in Lisbon, Portugal, eight patients were selected and sought routine treatment for the replacement of a missing molar with a dental implant. The study only collected cases of patients who presented an absent first molar tooth that could be rehabilitated with a dental implant. The immediate prosthesis would be placed in functional occlusion to the opposing dentition with the same principles of a final restoration placed on a single osseointegrated implant. The same surgeon performed all the surgical procedures in October 2018 and the same prosthodontic practice for the final prosthesis. The width of the osteotomy was defined following clinical evaluation of bone density since the drilling sequence in this type of implant depends on the quality of bone. The rehabilitation design was made based on the STL file from the digital scan with the scan body screwed into the implants and the final crown digitally produced was planned virtually. Results This case series of single molars reveals a new approach, the 1T1T technique, with the use of Straumann® BLX implants, that allows increased primary stability and enhanced bone-to-implant contact, to immediately place a definitive crown. The first requirement is that the implant achieve primary stability, and then a crown can be manufactured with a digital workflow, so it is critical to select an implant design that will ensure primary stability. Digital planning and processing make the dental implant treatment option much less burdensome and easier to deliver for the dental implant team and patient, thus improving global acceptability and utilization. The Straumann® BLX is a fully-tapered implant introduced to optimize primary stability, even in low density or compromised bone situations, to simplify the rehabilitation workflow and have predictable outcomes, turning it a good choice for immediate extraction, immediate placement and loading cases. Conclusion and Clinical Implications This digital implant dentistry protocol could lead to more predictable results and a more efficient workflow, which will help control costs and save time for the patient and the dental team. The 1T1T technique performed on the cases collected, presenting a missing first molar treated with implants and restored with the definitive crown. This technique which has been demonstrated predictable in 2016 using a different implant appears to be applicable in daily practice with Straumann BLX system.

System Linearity-Based Characterization of High-Frequency Multilevel DC–DC Converters forS-Band EER Transmitters

In modern telecommunications systems, the requirements for the amount and speed of transmitted data are increasing rapidly. For better spectral efficiency, complex-type modulations [quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)] are used, resulting in high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signals. As a consequence, when conventional linear amplifiers (classes A and AB) are used in transmitters, both prominent linearity and poor efficiency are assured. The efficiency of the transmitters can be significantly improved using some of the popular techniques: Kahn envelope elimination and restoration (EER) principle, envelope tracking (ET) technique, Doherty amplifier, and Chireix’s amplifier. In this article, two different approaches in supplying a 2.4-GHz class-E power amplifier (PA) ( ${S}$ -band) based on the EER technique are analyzed and compared. The consistent part of the EER transmitters is a switched-capacitor-based voltage divider combined with a switching structure—analog multiplexer, in the envelope amplifiers (EAs) and a class-E PA. The analog multiplexer is assisted with a series linear regulator in the first system and a fourth-order ${LC}$ filter in the second system, providing supply modulation for the PA. The systems are compared in terms of efficiency and system linearity using the standard metrics [error vector magnitude (EVM) and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR)]. Special consideration is devoted to the characterization of how the EAs affect the quality of the RF output signal. It is shown that the tested EER transmitters can reproduce 16-QAM and 64-QAM signals up to 2.5 MHz, manifesting an average efficiency of about 32% with the first transmitter, and 16-QAM signals up to 660 kHz RF bandwidth and average efficiency of 44% with the second transmitter. A software tool that accurately estimates the EA linearity is utilized and successfully tested on both EER transmitters.

Masonry Spires: 3D Models to Understand their Seismic Vulnerability

The May 2012 Emilia earthquake has highlighted the important vulnerability of masonry spires at the top of bell towers of churches. Indeed, almost half of those in the epicentral area have shown a typical damage mechanism consisting in the shear sliding and overturning of the top of the spire. Given the recurrence of this phenomenon, the present paper tries to provide a contribution to the comprehension of the seismic behaviour of the spires through the numerical analysis of three case studies. In particular, the work analyses the spires of the churches of San Nicola di Bari in Cortile, near Carpi (MO); Sant'Egidio in Cavezzo (MO), and Sant'Agostino in Sant'Agostino (FE). The numerical models of these masonry structures were made using Abaqus Finite Element software. After the creation of the three-dimensional geometric models, a first nonlinear static analysis of the entire bell tower was performed adopting for masonry the Abaqus “concrete damage plasticity model”. Once the stability of the bell tower was verified for dead loads, the non-linear time-step dynamic analysis was faced. This required the definition of the seismic input at the base of the tower, through the accelerograms recorded by the closest stations. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the global model of the bell tower provided the floor response spectra at the base and at the top of the spire. Indeed the comparison between spectra at the ground and at the top highlights the filter effect of the stem of the bell tower with a significant increase in accelerations at the top. This effect may explain the widespread damage observed at the top of the spires. Eventually, three different non-invasive intervention techniques were proposed in compliance with the principles of restoration and were modelled to compare their behaviour.

Reviewing Restorative Principles of Corporate Punishment in Corruption Crime

The corporation as an entity or legal subject whose existence contributes greatly in increasing economic growth and national development. However, as it turns out into practice, the corporation sometimes also commit criminal acts that have a bad impact on the State and society. The research is a qualitative research based on normative or doctrinal legal methods. The results show that the reparative value as contained in corruption crime acts for corporations is still limited to additional penalties, namely substitute money. In practice, it is not effective, a more progressive punishment is needed that can effectively restore the original state of the impact of the corruption crime. The principle of restorative is a reparative justice, encounter conception, and transformative conception. Reparative justice or recovery to the victims or recovery to the consequences incurred of a criminal offense. Encounter conception is a way or process, to realize transformative conception, to achieving a just society by understanding the needs of all parties. The essence of reparation as a basic principle of restorative justice in corruption crime is to restore balance, the recovery of damage incurred due to corruption, so it needs to be formulated as an alternative additional penalty besides the restitution in the future. Keywords: Corporate; Corruption; Restorative; Reparative DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/88-23 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Plan B for Implementing Gladue: The Need to Apply Background Factors to the Punitive Sentencing Purposes

The first part of this article examines the sentencing Indigenous offenders cases of Gladue and Ipeelee with a focus on what the Supreme Court of Canada says that may help judges in applying background factors to the various purposes of sentencing. The second part will be a preliminary discussion of how background factors including recent work on Indigenous law might inform the punitive purposes of sentencing relating to moral blameworthiness and the effectiveness of deterrence, denunciation and incapacitation of Indigenous offenders. This analysis is not meant to disparage the importance of rehabilitation or other restorative principles, but to focus on those aspects of sentencing jurisprudence that have been the most resistant to Gladue analysis and where change has the potential to reduce both Indigenous overrepresentation in prison and among crime victims.

3D OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION IN A PRE-DIGITAL ERA: CASE STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF RESTORATION

Abstract. Restoration of the ensemble of parks, palaces and fountains of Peterhof (Petrodvorets) near St. Petersburg (Leningrad), Russia, is one of world-renowned restoration projects of the post - World War II period. However, little has been analysed of this unique restoration experience. This paper presents a specific episode in the history of this restoration project.The Peterhof ensemble is a complex historic site which includes many palaces, structures and fountains covering 18 square km of parks and gardens. The Grand Palace, - the central and the largest building of this ensemble, was built at the edge of a natural terrace, with a view to the sea (the Gulf of Finland) and the Lower Park at the foot of the terrace. This dominant spatial-architectural role of the Grand Palace was emphasized by its highest elements – two cupolas of its eastern and western parts. The cupolas were heavily damaged during World War II and shape reconstruction had to be undertaken for their restoration. The restoration of cupolas was one of the first and important steps in the restoration of the Peterhof ensemble.This paper focuses on the approach, methodology and the selected technological aspects of the restoration of cupolas of the Grand Palace, with a view to their interpretation at the time of restoration of cupolas (1950-s) as well as to modern restoration principles. It shows the process and methods of non-digital reconstruction of the shape of 3D object aided by non-digital models, unique decisions and techniques.

Urban River Design: A River Restoration Case Study

Human excessive requirements on functions of aquatic ecosystems cause that surface waters often suffer from significant morphological and hydrological alterations. Human induced hydromorphological changes of rivers belong among the most common ecological problems of the water bodies and they appear in all scales of river habitat. These changes have an impact in their ecological status and need to be solved in the near future. Successful sustainable river rehabilitation depends on the identification and understanding of key processes and anthropogenic stressors. These factors enable to estimate a proper longitudinal and lateral riverine system structure including stream habitat improvements at different scales. The article summarizes the basic principles of urban river restoration, that enables to approach to the state of dynamic stability and to increase the „absorbing capacity” of freshwater ecosystem. The authors also provide the background facts and principles of the restoration design of canalized reach of the River Trnavka, which flows through an urbanised part of the city Trnava. The Trnavka River has regulated flow regime affected by operation of Boleraz reservoir located 14 km in upstream direction. The river channel capacity equals to 50 m3.s−1 with return period 100 years and ecological flow is Q=0,150 l.s−1. The heavily modified nonprismatic channel has stone and concrete stream banks. The authors have proposed increasing sinuosity of low flow channel and decreasing capacity of the oversized channel by using gravel matraces with planting different types of macrophytes. The main goal of the proposed river restoration measures was to increase aesthetic value of complex restoration design of close public space (the Rose Park) and to implement technical and biotechnical measures that may improve ecological conditions and management operation of the Trnavka River.