Principles Of Regulation Research Articles

Dissection of a CTCF topological boundary uncovers principles of enhancer-oncogene regulation

Enhancer-gene communication is dependent on topologically associating domains (TADs) and boundaries enforced by the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) insulator, but the underlying structures and mechanisms remain controversial. Here, we investigate a boundary that typically insulates fibroblast growth factor (FGF) oncogenes but is disrupted by DNA hypermethylation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The boundary contains an array of CTCF sites that enforce adjacent TADs, one containing FGF genes and the other containing ANO1 and its putative enhancers, which are specifically active in GIST and its likely cell of origin. We show that coordinate disruption of four CTCF motifs in the boundary fuses the adjacent TADs, allows the ANO1 enhancer to contact FGF3, and causes its robust induction. High-resolution micro-C maps reveal specific contact between transcription initiation sites in the ANO1 enhancer and FGF3 promoter that quantitatively scales with FGF3 induction such that modest changes in contact frequency result in strong changes in expression, consistent with a causal relationship.

Decoding chromatin states by proteomic profiling of nucleosome readers

DNA and histone modifications combine into characteristic patterns that demarcate functional regions of the genome1,2. While many ‘readers’ of individual modifications have been described3–5, how chromatin states comprising composite modification signatures, histone variants and internucleosomal linker DNA are interpreted is a major open question. Here we use a multidimensional proteomics strategy to systematically examine the interaction of around 2,000 nuclear proteins with over 80 modified dinucleosomes representing promoter, enhancer and heterochromatin states. By deconvoluting complex nucleosome-binding profiles into networks of co-regulated proteins and distinct nucleosomal features driving protein recruitment or exclusion, we show comprehensively how chromatin states are decoded by chromatin readers. We find highly distinctive binding responses to different features, many factors that recognize multiple features, and that nucleosomal modifications and linker DNA operate largely independently in regulating protein binding to chromatin. Our online resource, the Modification Atlas of Regulation by Chromatin States (MARCS), provides in-depth analysis tools to engage with our results and advance the discovery of fundamental principles of genome regulation by chromatin states.

Existence as a humanistic methodology of law in the information society

The entry of society into the information age requires a radical renewal of existing and the development of new connections and mediations, which lead to a change in social relations, the development of new requirements for their legal regulation. The article examines the application of fundamental methodological approaches to the formation of law in the information society, based on the philosophy of existentialism. In the global dimension, humanism opposes anti-humanism - democratic Ukraine is fighting the military aggression of the authoritarian Russian Federation, which actualizes the development of humanist ideas, including as one of the directions for improving information law. The thesis is substantiated that it is existence that best meets the needs of the humanistic direction of the development of law, since this methodology is built on the recognition of the uniqueness of a person and their existence, the freedom of choice of the individual, compliance with moral principles of behavior, is focused on the self and its interaction with other people, which corresponds to the characteristic features of the functioning of the information society. The humanistic existential paradigm is revealed through the prism of responsibility for existence, not only individual, but also responsibility for others, as stated in the writings of Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, and оther followers of this teaching. As a mechanism for the implementation of the existential paradigm of the humanistic content of law in the information age, it is proposed to focus attention on the development of such a component of it as individual legal regulation, which by its purpose and essence is able to ensure the true freedom of human choice and at the same time satisfy the needs of society in the regulation of information relations. An analysis of the relationship between the principles of regulation of artificial intelligence and information law was carried out, as a result of which it is proposed to supplement the information law with ethical and valuable meaningful aspects that meet the needs of its further development.

Правовое регулирование трудовой миграции: перспективы внедрения восточной модели

The concepts of regulating labour migration in Russia are retrospectively considered. A detailed description of the Kafala system underlying the regulation of labour migration in the countries of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Persian Gulf is given. Promising principles of legal regulation of international labour migration in the Russian Federation are formulated. The conclusion is substantiated about the possibility of enshrining in national legislation and effectively using the policy, concept and individual elements of regulation of international labour migration in Arab countries.

Key pathways toward developing more ecoliterate individuals: a harmonious discourse analysis perspective

This article explores key pathways to improve the Chinese people’s ecological literacy (ecoliteracy) in ecolinguistics, and uses the framework of harmonious discourse analysis (HDA) to show how those pathways work. First, by reviewing HDA and ecoliteracy, we clarified the feasibility of their combined study. Then, a questionnaire was conducted among the inhabitants of one of China’s most ecologically advanced cities, and the key pathways to improving ecoliteracy were determined. The results showed that there were eight factors that were considered to encourage the people to be more ecoliterate, falling into the categories of education, participation in activities, and documents and publicity. We also reviewed a variety of cases and demonstrated the significance of these pathways for ecoliteracy using the framework of HDA. We found that an ecoliterate individual can guide ecological practice better by following the general assumption of human-orientedness and the principles of conscience, proximity, and regulation. These results provide new ways for ecologists and linguists to explore ecological issues, not only broadening the linguistic pathways of ecoliteracy, but also enriching the content of HDA.

Dual-Stage Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems Surrounding Control for a Motional Target

This paper addresses the dynamic target surrounding control problem for a class of heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs). To surround a motional target with a time-varying velocity, a distributed observer is established by employing perturbation system analysis, which can simultaneously retrieve both target state and dynamics. Then a distributed dual-stage cooperative control scheme based on output regulation principle is proposed to fulfill the evenly surrounding control mission, i.e., all the heterogeneous agents moving along a common circle around the dynamic target with an identical desired radius and evenly distributed phases. Afterwards, an optimal selection protocol of switching instant between the collective chasing and surrounding stages is provided as well. Significantly, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the asymptotical stability of such closed-loop heterogeneous MASs. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed surrounding control scheme.

Looking for a Beam of Light to Heal Chronic Pain.

Chronic pain (CP) is a leading cause of disability and a potential factor that affects biological processes, family relationships, and self-esteem of patients. However, the need for treatment of CP is presently unmet. Current methods of pain management involve the use of drugs, but there are different degrees of concerning side effects. At present, the potential mechanisms underlying CP are not completely clear. As research progresses and novel therapeutic approaches are developed, the shortcomings of current pain treatment methods may be overcome. In this review, we discuss the retinal photoreceptors and brain regions associated with photoanalgesia, as well as the targets involved in photoanalgesia, shedding light on its potential underlying mechanisms. Our aim is to provide a foundation to understand the mechanisms underlying CP and develop light as a novel analgesic treatment has its biological regulation principle for CP. This approach may provide an opportunity to drive the field towards future translational, clinical studies and support pain drug development.

Study on Optimization of Low-Voltage Multi-Port Flexible Interconnection Device in AC/DC Hybrid Distribution

At present, the back-to-back multilevel modular converter (BTB-MMC) used in low and medium voltage flexible interconnection projects has the disadvantages of high cost and large footprint. Based on MMC, a multi-port flexible interconnection device for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is designed. Firstly, the topology structure and power regulation principle of the device are described by constructing the model of the low and medium port multi-port flexible device. Secondly, an improved inverter model based on independent center line module is proposed, and a multi-objective optimization compensation strategy for multi-function grid-connected inverters is proposed, which effectively improves the ability of independent inverters to carry unbalanced loads and optimizes power quality. Finally, a set of 750 V/50 kW experimental prototype is built, and the performance of the prototype is tested to verify the advantages of the voltage stability of the device.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION

The article is concerned with the study of theoretical foundations and practical aspects of formation and development of intersectoral cooperation in world practice. The article considers the existent approaches to the definition of the concept of "intersectoral cooperation", in particular from the standpoint of generating innovative solutions to existing problems, as well as its features and types. It is found that intersectoral cooperation is a constructive and mutually beneficial interaction of three sectors: the state, the business sector and institutions of civil society. The conditions for ensuring effectiveness in the process of establishing intersectoral cooperation are determined. The importance of the communication process as the basis of interaction is emphasised. The institutional structure of intersectoral partnership is outlined, including regulatory principles, mechanisms for implementing the principles and corporate social responsibility. The prerequisites and features of the emergence of intersectoral partnership at the regional level are determined. The experience of foreign countries in the development of intersectoral cooperation in various fields, in particular of the EU member states, is considered.

Maxim and Principle Contractualism

I argue that, in order to address the ideal world problem while remaining faithful to our concept of morality, Contractualists should no longer determine which actions I must perform by seeing whether they accord with certain principles for the general regulation of behavior. Instead, I argue, Contractualists should determine whether it is right or wrong for me to perform an action by evaluating any maxim that might be reflected by my action. I call the resulting view “Maxim Contractualism.” It states that an agent’s action is morally required just in case any maxim that he might adopt that involves not performing that action is one that someone could reasonably reject. Finally, I argue that, although Act Contractualism also provides us with the materials to solve the Ideal World Problem, it is a worse solution because it cannot account for the fact that, sometimes, what would happen if I performed an action over time is relevant to whether I am permitted to perform that action right here, right now.

Transcriptional precision in photoreceptor development and diseases - Lessons from 25 years of CRX research.

The vertebrate retina is made up of six specialized neuronal cell types and one glia that are generated from a common retinal progenitor. The development of these distinct cell types is programmed by transcription factors that regulate the expression of specific genes essential for cell fate specification and differentiation. Because of the complex nature of transcriptional regulation, understanding transcription factor functions in development and disease is challenging. Research on the Cone-rod homeobox transcription factor CRX provides an excellent model to address these challenges. In this review, we reflect on 25 years of mammalian CRX research and discuss recent progress in elucidating the distinct pathogenic mechanisms of four CRX coding variant classes. We highlight how in vitro biochemical studies of CRX protein functions facilitate understanding CRX regulatory principles in animal models. We conclude with a brief discussion of the emerging systems biology approaches that could accelerate precision medicine for CRX-linked diseases and beyond.

Hydraulic-driven adaptable morphing active-cooling elastomer with bioinspired bicontinuous phases

The active-cooling elastomer concept, originating from vascular thermoregulation for soft biological tissue, is expected to develop an effective heat dissipation method for human skin, flexible electronics, and soft robots due to the desired interface mechanical compliance. However, its low thermal conduction and poor adaptation limit its cooling effects. Inspired by the bone structure, this work reports a simple yet versatile method of fabricating arbitrary-geometry liquid metal skeleton-based elastomer with bicontinuous Gyroid-shaped phases, exhibiting high thermal conductivity (up to 27.1 W/mK) and stretchability (strain limit >600%). Enlightened by the vasodilation principle for blood flow regulation, we also establish a hydraulic-driven conformal morphing strategy for better thermoregulation by modulating the hydraulic pressure of channels to adapt the complicated shape with large surface roughness (even a concave body). The liquid metal active-cooling elastomer, integrated with the flexible thermoelectric device, is demonstrated with various applications in the soft gripper, thermal-energy harvesting, and head thermoregulation.

Modernisation of the constitutional and legal status of judges in Ukraine

The research relevance is determined by the need to reform public authorities, in particular, the judiciary, in the context of martial law and European integration processes. The study aims to analyse the legal framework in the context of determining the constitutional and legal status of judges in Ukraine. The following methods were used: logical analysis, formal legal analysis, dogmatic analysis, legal hermeneutics, deduction, induction, and synthesis, which were used to identify the main principles of regulation of the constitutional and legal status of judges in Ukraine. The study states that the current constitutional and legal status of judges is determined by the updated version of the Constitution, the Law of Ukraine “On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges” and other legislative acts. It is noted that one of the main problems of the judicial system of Ukraine is the understaffing of courts. Following the reforms which have been implemented since 2 June 2016 and have amended several provisions, the author makes a comparative legal analysis of the status of judges before and after the innovations. The study determined that judges used to have absolute immunity, and now they have functional immunity, which protects them from prosecution for their actions. These reforms were implemented to ensure the independence of judges and protect them from political pressure. The author examines the experience of such countries as Italy, Germany, Japan, and the USA in the context of ensuring the principle of judicial independence. It is argued that this principle can be implemented in various forms. The importance of rebranding of state institutions is also substantiated

Consideration of intellectual property law in the context of European Union practice

The development of effective legislation on intellectual property in the context of shaping a digital society is an important issue for ensuring the stable development of innovation and protecting creators’ rights. The aim of the work is to analyse the constitutional and international principles of legislative regulation in the field of intellectual property law in the European Union to improve its legal regulation in Ukraine. The scientific basis was the application of the dialectical method as a way to delve deeper into the issues of intellectual property law, as well as the use of methods such as detailing and synthesis, abstraction, analysis and synthesis, and comparative legal method. The peculiarities of legislation on intellectual property in Ukraine and the European Union have been studied, revealing the lack of unified legal regulation of intellectual property issues. Experience confirms that institutional support is necessary for the field of intellectual property in Ukraine. To determine an effective state policy, it is necessary to develop and implement new terminology in the field of copyright protection. In the past, insufficient international cooperation has led to Ukrainian legislation not meeting modern requirements, especially in actively developing areas that require special terms and designations for the protection of intellectual work results. Based on the results of the conducted research, it has been established that the system of intellectual property protection in Ukraine is developing and requires constant improvement. The existence of violations of intellectual property rights indicates the need for the implementation of a programme to improve this system, as state protection of intellectual property is the main aspect of developing an innovative economy and increasing Ukraine’s competitiveness. In other words, due to significant gaps in legislation, manufacturers of innovative products will not rush to introduce them to the Ukrainian market, and high-tech start-ups are not protected from unfair copying of ideas. Also, based on the research results, gaps have been identified in the regulation of legal regimes for texts, music, and images generated by artificial intelligence. The research results can be useful for legislators working on improving legislation on intellectual property and for the development of strategies for managing intellectual property, which will contribute to increasing competitiveness and innovative development of business

Tax Regulation of Countries in the Framework of Greening Business (using the example of the Russian Federation and the EU)

In the past three decades, the role of environmental protection in the environmental and climate agenda, which shapes the trends of “green” economic development, has been continuously increasing. The purpose of this study is to examine this issue in the context of the experience of the European Union (EU) and regulatory principles of taxation to prevent the effects of climate change. Using the example of the EU and the Russian Federation, the reaction of a system for economic regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, which is at the initial stage, is considered. A SWOT-analysis of Russia’s “green” exports to the EU countries has been carried out, which contains forecasts of a decline in demand for Russian oil and oil products, coal, gas and metals and an increase in demand for electricity from low-carbon sources. Taking into account the extremely high carbon intensity of all Russian exports and its product and country structure, it is suggested that notable damage may occur after 2026 if the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) expands its product mix and scope. In the presence of significant risks for the Russian Federation in the context of hydrogen energy development, the drivers for increasing competitiveness and the corresponding positions of our country in the conditions of decarbonization are determined, PEST-analysis of the Russian economy on the way to the “green” market course is carried out. The practical significance of the study lies in the proposal to use the experience of tax regulation in the EU countries as part of greening business in the Russian economy.

Financing of the armed forces of Ukraine under the conditions of the state of martial: the European integration vector

In the conditions of Russian aggression, the state of funding of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is important in view of the direct impact on the outcome of hostilities, the future of European countries, and on the further advancement of Ukraine through European integration.
 The basis of the administrative and legal regulation of the financing of the security and defense sector, including the Armed Forces, is: the Military Security Strategy of Ukraine, the National Security Strategy of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On National Security of Ukraine”, annual laws “On the State Budget of Ukraine”.
 As a result of the conducted analysis, it was established that during 2016–2021, budget financing of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine amounted to 2.1–2.4% of GDP or 2.5–2.9 billion dollars. the USA, while the amount of expenditures for similar purposes in the USA is 600–650 billion dollars, in China – 215–250 billion dollars, in the aggressor country – 70 billion dollars. Only in 2022, the specified volume of expenditures in Ukraine reached 21%, approximately the same amount is planned to be financed in 2024 (1,693 billion UAH).
 Among the main problems in the field of financing the Armed Forces, the following are highlighted: the budget of Ukraine is not a development budget; the amount of budget expenditures depends on charity, humanitarian and international technical assistance; inefficient structure of defense budget expenditures; lack of objective opportunities for growth of own income sources.
 These shortcomings became one of the reasons for Ukraine’s unpreparedness to protect its borders and significant losses during the Russian aggression during 2022-2023. This convinces of the need to comply with the current legislation of Ukraine, which combines the administrative-legal and financial- legal principles of regulation of the sphere of security and defense in Ukraine, including the Armed Forces. It is possible to achieve an increase in the volume of income sources in Ukraine through the modernization of the defense-industrial complex. Transfers from the EU remain important and necessary - this confirms the necessity of the European integration vector for the further development of our Another way to overcome the identified problems is the attraction of direct foreign investments for post-war reconstruction through the removal of regulatory levers. Along with state domestic financing and attracting private capital, Ukraine will need financing of infrastructure projects from relevant EU funds (as public funds), which requires maximum transparency, accountability and control.

Принципы защиты прав частного собственника в случаях применения к нему процедуры принудительного выкупа имущества для государственных и муниципальных нужд

The article reveals the content of the inviolability of private property as one of the main principles of civil law. As elements of the content of this principle, the principles of legal regulation of the procedure for forced purchase of property for state needs are proposed: the principle of invariability of legal regulation; the principle of exclusivity of the forced redemption procedure; the principle of fairness of compensation; the principle of unimpeded judicial protection.

How the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies is related to participation in global and domestic value chains: Evidence from Russia

This study explores the relationships among Industry 4.0 technologies, their application areas, and the involvement of Russian manufacturing firms in global and domestic value chains. We apply logit and multinomial logit regressions using an original survey dataset of approximately 1700 Russian manufacturing firms. We make a novel contribution to the literature by uncovering an asymmetry in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies among Russian industrial firms in domestic value chains (DVCs) and global value chains (GVCs). This asymmetry has the potential to impede GVC localization and DVC internationalization. Based on our results, software automation solutions are the only ones demonstrating statistical significance for firms participating simultaneously in GVCs, DVCs, and both GVCs and DVCs. Companies in DVCs demonstrate a broader utilization of Industry 4.0 technologies across various application areas. We also identify evidence of reshoring in DVCs, indicating that Industry 4.0 adoption encourages firms to establish enduring relationships with domestic suppliers. Highlighting that differences in technology adoption are influenced by external factors, including adherence to international standards and regulatory principles, we propose policy implications for developing countries. Recommendations encompass reducing entry barriers to DVCs, improving procurement transparency, and promoting competition in the digital solutions market to empower firms for seamless GVC integration.

Experimental and numerical study on characteristics of super-linear mass flow rate and asymmetric cavitation in novel rotary-baffle curved-channel electronic expansion valve for refrigerator

Capillary tubes, as the expansion devices in refrigerators, are unable to actively match cooling capacity and load, which will increase the energy consumption. Moreover, due to the limitations of miniature valve needle machining accuracy and structural strength, orifice-type EEVs are not suitable for low mass flow rate in refrigerators. A novel rotary-baffle curved-channel electronic expansion valve (RBCC-EEV) is proposed to replace capillary tube to achieve flow regulation in household refrigerators. Based on the special structure and regulation principle of RBCC-EEV, characteristics of mass flow rate and cavitation are studied experimentally and numerically, respectively. Experimental results show that, as opening ratio (OR) increases, the synchronous changes in the inlet area and length of the curved channel lead to a super-linear variation in mass flow rate, with increase rate growth from 0.018 kg h−1 OR−1 to 0.061 kg h−1 OR−1. Numerical results show that, under centrifugal forces, the pressure difference along the normal direction of the streamline leads to the differences in degree of cavitation, which is called asymmetric cavitation phenomenon. In addition, under the influence of this phenomenon, the prematurely cavitation of refrigerant near the inside surface will block the inlet of curved channel early, resulting in a 3.4 % decrease in mass flow rate.

What Do the Regulators Mean? A Taxonomy of Regulatory Principles for the Use of AI in Financial Services

The intended automation in the financial industry creates a proper area for artificial intelligence usage. However, complex and high regulatory standards and rapid technological developments pose significant challenges in developing and deploying AI-based services in the finance industry. The regulatory principles defined by financial authorities in Europe need to be structured in a fine-granular way to promote understanding and ensure customer safety and the quality of AI-based services in the financial industry. This will lead to a better understanding of regulators’ priorities and guide how AI-based services are built. This paper provides a classification pattern with a taxonomy that clarifies the existing European regulatory principles for researchers, regulatory authorities, and financial services companies. Our study can pave the way for developing compliant AI-based services by bringing out the thematic focus of regulatory principles.